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Federal Police (Mexico)

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Federal Police
Policía Federal
{{{logocaption}}}
AbbreviationPF
Agency overview
FormedMay 30, 2009 (from Federal Preventive Police)
Preceding agencies
DissolvedOctober 1, 2019
Superseding agencyNational Guard
Employees+ 40,000 (at disbandment)
Annual budgetUS$34.6 billion (2010)
Jurisdictional structure
Federal agencyMexico
Operations jurisdictionMexico
Governing bodySecretariat of Security and Civilian Protection
General nature
Notables
Anniversary
  • Federal Police Day, June 2[1]

TheFederal Police(Spanish:Policía Federal,PF), formerly known as thePolicía Federal Preventiva(Federal Preventive Police) and sometimes referred to in the U.S. as "Federales",[2]was a Mexican national police force formed in 1999. In 2019 it was incorporated into theNational Guardand operated under the authority of theDepartment of Security and Civil Protection.

The Federal Police was formed through the merger of four previously independent federal police agencies — the Federal Highway Police, the Fiscal Police, the Investigation and National Security Center, and theMexican Army's 3rd Military Police Brigade — and was initially referred to as the Federal Preventive Police.

Throughout its 20-year existence, the Federal Police was dogged byallegations of widespread corruptionand abuse — allegations whichPresidentAndrés Manuel López Obradorsaid influenced his administration's decision to disband the force.[3]Since its disbandment, two high-ranking commanders have been arrested for offences they committed while leading the Federal Police.[3][4]

The police force was 1,870,406,000 pesos in debt to creditors, members of the public, and former employees when it was disbanded.[5]

History

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Mexico City Federal Police Building.

On May 29, 2009, theFederal Preventive Policename was changed to Federal Police, and some duties were added to it. The Federal Police was created as the main Federal Preventive Police in 1999 by the initiative ofPresidentErnesto Zedillo(1994–2000) to prevent, combat and to enforce the law that drugs should not circulate on Mexico's streets. The PF has been assuming its authority in stages over time, as its budget has grown and it has combined and reorganized police departments from major agencies such as those for migration, treasury, and highways. Many large bus stations and airports in Mexico are assigned a PF detachment.

Public Safety SecretaryGenaro García Lunahoped to reform the nation's long-troubled police. Among other steps, he consolidated several agencies into a Federal Police force of nearly 25,000.[6]

The Federal Police celebrates its anniversary on July 13 every year (Federal Police Day), with its history dating to 1928 as the successor of the agencies mentioned above.

Mexican Federal Preventive Police

[edit]
Mexican Federal Preventive Police
Policía Federal Preventiva de Mexico
{{{logocaption}}}
AbbreviationPFP
Agency overview
FormedJanuary 1, 1999
Preceding agency
DissolvedMay 30, 2009
Superseding agencyMexico Federal Police
Employees50,000-100,000
Jurisdictional structure
Federal agencyMexico
Operations jurisdictionMexico
General nature
Operational structure
HeadquartersCDMX,Mexico

The Mexican Federal Preventive Police was an agency created by theMexican Highway Patrolin 1999. It was replaced by the Mexican Federal Police due tocorruptionproblems andbribingissues. On May 30, 2009, the Mexican Federal Police took over the PFP's duties as theFederal Ministerial Policewhich also took over theMexican Federal Investigative Agency's duties.

Calderón's administration

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Main article:Mexican Drug War

WhenFelipe Calderóntook office as president in 2006, there were roughly half a dozen drug cartels in Mexico. Each of the organizations was large and dominated huge parts of Mexico's territorial landscape, and operated internationally and overseas as well.[7]When Calderón assumed the presidency, he realized that he could not rely on the federal police nor the intelligence agencies to restore order and crack down the logistics of the mafias.[7]Over several decades, the cartels had bribed police commanders and top politicians; and often riddled with corruption, state authorities would not only fail to cooperate with other authorities in distinct federal levels, but would actively protect the cartels and their leaders. With limited options available, Calderón turned to theMexican Armed Forces,which, because of its limited involvement in acting against the cartels, remained relatively immune to corruption and organized crime infiltration.[7]He then moved the military to parts of Mexico most plagued by drug-violence to target, capture, and – if necessary – kill the leaders of the drug trafficking organizations. Yet, the president understood that the military could not fight the cartels alone and needed cops to rely on for patrolling, collecting intelligence information, and gathering evidences necessary to prosecute drug traffickers.[7]

With the argument that he was tired of the corruption, Calderón abolished theAFIagency created in May 2009 and created an entirely new police force.[7]The new force has formed part of Mexico's first national crime information system, which stores thefingerprintsof everyone arrested in the country. They also have assumed the role of the Army in several parts of the country. According toThe New York Times,the federal police have avoided "any serious incidents of corruption."[7]

On October 21, 2008, President Felipe Calderón proposed to break the former Federal Preventive Police to replace it with a different organization, because "the PFP has not yielded the expected results and has not been a strong institution capable of serving as a model for all police services in the country."[8][9]The new corporation became the Federal Police. It provides support to the police as to the Federal District, states and municipalities. This decision was said to be not entirely unexpected, given the insufficient number of convictions, the alarming increase of violence, abductions and cases of corruption and complicity with organized crime elements.[10][11][12][13][14][15]

Peña Nieto's administration

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In 2012, it was reported that PresidentEnrique Peña Nieto's government had proposed the creation of a new unit to replace all Federal Police duties.[16]The Federal Police would not be disbanded, but they would be assigned to special tasks and missions.[citation needed]Additional information on Mexico's plannedgendarmeriewas on the website MexiData.info on December 24, 2012.[17]

In 2014, the Federal Police's Gendarmerie Division was created with 5,000 police agents. Its focus is on providing ongoing public security in areas with heavy criminal activities and providing border security. It is also expected to reinforce state, city, and municipal police forces as needed. It is one of the seven constituent divisions of the Federal Police, reporting directly to the Commissioner, and the newest to be incepted.

The National Gendarmerie is defined as a military-grade force within the Federal Police.

Lopez Obrador's administration

[edit]
Main article:National Guard (Mexico)

Before becomingPresident of Mexico,Andrés Manuel López Obradorcampaigned on a promise to take the military off the streets of Mexico.[18]Shortly after getting into office, Obrador released a plan to create the National Guard under control of theMexican Armed Forceswhich would be in charge of "preventing and combating crime".[18][19]Obrador stated that the new National Guard would be critical to solving Mexico's ongoing security crisis.[20][21]

On 28 February,Mexico's General Congressvoted to approve a 60,000-member national guard.[21]On 30 June 2019, the National Guard was officially established in the Constitution of Mexico.[22]

The new National Guard, de facto successor to a similar formation raised in 1821 and abolished in 1935, is composed today of personnel from parts of both the National Gendarmerie and Federal Forces Divisions of the Federal Police.[23]

Strength

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In 2000, the PF had 10,878 agents and staff:

Organization

[edit]
Federal Police Day celebration.

Regulation of the Law of the Federal Police in the Official Gazette of May 17, 2010, to establish the basic organizational structure of this Decentralized Administrative Body, Article 5 of that system, comprising a total of 136 seats of middle and senior management, broken 130 seats structure, as shown below:

  • 1 General Commissioner;
  • 7 Divisions: Intelligence Research, Regional Security; Scientific, Drug, Federal and Gendarmerie Forces;
  • 1 General Secretariat;
  • 1 Internal Affairs;
  • 20 Coordination;
  • 66 DGs;
  • 6 DGs in aid to the Chief of the Division of Regional Security;
  • 32 State Coordination at the regional level; and
  • 1 Head of Internal Affairs.

Commissioner General

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  • Generale Vargas Pitt Azian of Legal Affairs
  • Directorate General of Information
  • Directorate General of Social Communication
  • Directorate General of Planning and Coordination

Intelligence Division

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  • Coordination of Technical Services
  • General Directorate of Technical Monitoring Center
    • Directorate General of the Center for Risk Alert and Response
    • Directorate General for Development and Operation of Coverage
  • Covert Operations Coordination
    • Directorate General Operations and Infiltration
    • Directorate General of Recruitment and Resource Management
    • Directorate General for Supervision and Surveillance
  • Coordination Analysis and International Liaison
    • Directorate General of Analysis and Statistics
    • Directorate General for International Police Affairs
    • Indicators DG Information Integration

Research Division

[edit]
  • Research Coordination Office
    • Directorate General of Tactical Analysis
    • General Directorate of Criminal Records and Records
    • Directorate General for Crisis Management and Negotiation
  • Coordination of Field Research
    • DG Research of Crimes against the Security and Integrity of Persons
    • Directorate General for Research of Crimes High Impact
    • DG Research of Federal Crimes
  • Technical Research Coordination and Operation
    • Directorate General of Technical Operations
    • Directorate General of Operational Intelligence
    • Directorate General Tactical Support

Regional Security Division

[edit]
  • DG Personnel
  • DG Information
  • Directorate General Operations
  • Department of Logistics and Training
  • Directorate General of Planning and Supervision
  • Directorate General of Operational Control
  • State Coordinators (32)
  • Regional Coordination Zones (5)
    • Central Regional Coordination Zone
    • Northeast Regional Coordination Zone
    • Northwest Regional Coordination Zone
    • West Regional Coordination Zone
    • Southeast Regional Coordination Zone

Scientific Division

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  • For the Prevention of Electronic Crimes
    • Department Cyber Crimes Prevention
    • CERT-MX– Centre of Expertise in Technological Response (Centro Especializado en Respuesta Tecnológica)
    • DG Laboratories in Electronics and Forensic Investigation
  • Coordination of Technological Innovation
    • Directorate General for Emerging Information Technologies
    • Department of Infrastructure and Implementation of Technological Processes
    • Directorate General for Innovation and Development
  • Coordination of Criminology
    • Directorate General of Criminal Behavior
    • DG Laboratories
    • DG Specialties

Drug Division

[edit]
  • Drug Research Coordination Office
    • Tactical Analysis Directorate General of Drug
    • Directorate General of Records and Registration of Drug Trafficking and Related Crimes
    • Liaison Department and Institutional Cooperation
    • Field Research Coordination and Technical Drug
    • Directorate General of Technical Operation Drug
    • Directorate General of Drug Intelligence Operations
    • Directorate General Tactical Support against Drug Trafficking and Related Crimes
  • Research Coordination Illicit Resources
    • Directorate General of Tactical Analysis of Crimes Financial System
    • Financial Intelligence Directorate for Prevention
    • Prevention Directorate General Operations Illicit Resources

Federal Forces Division

[edit]
  • Coordination for Law and Order Restoration
    • Directorate General for Force Protection
    • Directorate General for Rescue Operations and Civil Support
    • Directorate General of Prison Transfers and Support
  • Coordination of Immediate Quick Reaction Forces
    • Directorate General of Physical Security
    • Directorate General for Quick Action Forces
    • Directorate General of the Canine Units
  • Coordination of Special Operations
    • Directorate General of Intervention
    • Directorate General of Explosives
    • Directorate General of Special Equipment

National Gendarmerie Division

[edit]

See article:National Gendarmerie (Mexico)

  • Coordination Bureau of the National Gendarmerie
    • Directorate General of Planning and Logistics
    • Directorate General of Strategic Operations and Special Units of the Gendarmerie
    • Directorate General of Social Services and Public Affairs

General Secretary

[edit]
  • Coordination of General Services
    • Directorate General of Human Resources
    • Directorate General of Financial Resources
    • Department of Material Resources
  • Air Operations Coordination
    • Directorate General Operations
    • Directorate General Maintenance
    • Directorate General for Aviation and Safety Supervision
  • Coordination Technical Support
    • Department of Information
    • Directorate General of Telecommunications
    • Directorate General of Technical Facilities and Maintenance
  • Police Coordination System Development
    • Control Directorate General Trust
    • Directorate General of Civil Service System and Disciplinary
    • Directorate-General for Education and Professionalization

Internal Affairs

[edit]
  • Directorate General for Internal Oversight Monitoring and
  • Directorate General for Internal Investigation
  • Directorate General Accountability

Internal Control

[edit]

Superior Academy of Public Security of the Federal Police

[edit]
  • Directorate General;
  • Directorate-General for Administration;
  • Academic Board;
  • Preceptory address
  • Services Division

Divisions

[edit]
Vehicles of the Policía Federal in a parade in Tepic

The Policía Federal consists of seven branches of service, known as divisions, administered by a central administration called the General Secretariat (Secretaría General) [24][25]

  • Anti-drug Division –División Antidrogas
  • Scientific Division –División Científica
  • Federal Forces Division –División de Fuerzas Federales
  • Intelligence Division –División de Inteligencia
  • Investigation Division –División de Investigación
  • Regional Security Division –División de Seguridad Regional
  • National Gendarmerie Division –División de Gendarmería Nacional

There is also a separate Internal Affairs Unit (Unidad de Asuntos Internos).

2010 included thePolicía Federalapprox 35,000 civil servants on.[26]A Comisionado General (General Manager), which is used directly by the President of Mexico, heads with wide-ranging powers the institution.[27]Maribel Cervantes Guerrero broke off in February 2012 Facundo Rosas Rosas, who held this office since 2009.[28]

TheSpecial Operations Group(GOPES) is the police elite counter terror hostage rescue unit.

Ranks

[edit]
Rank insignia of the Mexican Federal Police.
Commissioned officers
Rank group General / flag officers Senior officers Junior officers
Mexican Federal Police[29] No equivalent
Commissioner general
Comisionado General 		Commissary general
Comisario General 		Chief commissary
Comisario Jefe 		Commissary
Comisario 		Inspector general
Inspector General 		Chief inspector
Inspector Jefe 		Inspector
Inspector 		Subinspector
Subinspector 		Officer
Oficial 		Subofficer
Suboficial
Basic scale ladder
Rank group Senior NCOs Junior NCOs Enlisted
Mexican Federal Police[29] No equivalent
 No equivalent No equivalent
Sergeant
Policía Primero 		Senior Constable
Policía Segundo 		Leading Constable
Policía Tercero 		Constable
Policía

The ranks from Commissioner to Commissioner General wear more complex rank insignia involving the seven-pointed star of the Federal Police badge above one to four five-pointed stars placed between two stripes.

Equipment

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Weapons

[edit]
Heckler & Koch USP
Heckler & Koch MP5
FN FAL
Heckler & Koch G3A3
Heckler & Koch MSG90
Heckler & Koch HK21
Mossberg 500

Pistols

[edit]

Submachine guns

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Long guns
[edit]

Sniper rifles

[edit]

Machine guns

[edit]

Shotguns

[edit]

Grenade Launchers

[edit]

Transport

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The Mexican Federal Police has many vehicles; land,sea,andair,it is estimated to own more than 17,000patrol cars.The exact information regarding transport vehicles and aircraft that comprise the fleet of the Federal Police isclassified,to protect the life and efficiency of agents.[30]

Rotary wing and fixed wing pilot training takes place in the school of Naval Aviation located in Las Bajadas, Veracruz.[31]

Aircraft

[edit]
Manufacturer Aircraft Versions Type In Service Origin Notes Image
Fixed-wing aircraft
CASA CASA CN-235 CN-235-400 Transport 2 Spain 1 on order
Unmanned aerial vehicles
Hydra Technologies Hydra Technologies S4 Ehécatl S4B Observation & Reconnaissance 12 Mexico Will be supported by 3Elbit Hermes 900
Elbit Systems Elbit Hermes 450 H-450 Observation & Reconnaissance 4 Israel 10
Helicopters
Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk UH-60M/L Transport & Air Support 13 United States
Mil Mil Mi-17 Mi-171-V Transport & Air Support 3 Russia
Eurocopter Eurocopter AS350Écureuil AS350L1 Reconnaissance & Air Support 10 European Union 3 more ordered
Eurocopter Eurocopter EC120 Colibri EC120 Transport & Reconnaissance 3 European Union
Bell Helicopter Bell 206 B-206L Transport & Reconnaissance 5 United States 1 loss
Bell Helicopter Bell 412 B-412EP Transport, Air Support & Reconnaissance 3 United States Recently introduced, accompanied by one B-412 from theFAM
MD Helicopters MD 500 MD 530G Reconnaissance & Air Support 7 United States Recently introduced, accompanied by one B-412 from theFAM

See also

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toPolicía Federal.

References

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  1. ^"México conmemora el Día del Policía. La Prensa".Laprensa.ni. Archived fromthe originalon 2014-03-25.Retrieved2014-03-25.
  2. ^In a news conference after the Zacatecas prison break in May, spokesman Ricardo Nájera for the Mexican Attorney General stated that the name and acronym PFP (Policia Federal Preventiva) has not been used for a year and a half."YouTube".YouTube.Archivedfrom the original on 2017-02-13.Retrieved2016-11-29.
  3. ^ab"Former top police official in Mexico is arrested for torture".NBC News.6 July 2021.
  4. ^"Former Mexican Federal Police Commander Sentenced to 10 Years' Imprisonment for Drug Trafficking Conspiracy".United States Department of Justice.9 February 2022.
  5. ^"Hoy, último día de la Policía Federal".Milenio.31 December 2019.
  6. ^"L.A. Times".L.A. Times. 2008-09-15.Retrieved2014-03-25.[dead link]
  7. ^abcdefBonner, Robert C. (15 April 2012)."Cracking the Mexican Cartels".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on 29 August 2012.Retrieved7 July2012.
  8. ^Merlos, Andrea (2008-10-22)."Pide Calderón 'zar' policiaco"(in Spanish). El Universal.Archivedfrom the original on 2008-10-24.Retrieved2008-10-23.
  9. ^Toni, Cano (2008-10-23)."Calderón quiere una policía lejana a los narcos"(in Spanish). Diario Córdoba.Archivedfrom the original on 2009-02-11.Retrieved2008-10-23.
  10. ^"Relevan a 284 mandos de la Policía Federal Preventiva para depuración"(in Spanish). Notimex. 2007-06-25. Archived fromthe originalon 2009-02-11.Retrieved2008-10-23.
  11. ^Ravelo, Ricardo (2008-08-17)."Las policias: Improvización, caos, desastre"(in Spanish). Democrata – Norte de Mexico.Archivedfrom the original on 2011-07-08.Retrieved2008-10-23.
  12. ^Daniel Blancas Madrigal (2006-09-26)."Arrestan a más federales por el caso Martí"(in Spanish). La Cronica de Hoy.Archivedfrom the original on 2008-10-20.Retrieved2008-10-23.
  13. ^Segura Garnica, Jacinto (2007-04-30)."Gatilleros son empelados administrativos de PFP"(in Spanish). El Mexicano.Retrieved2008-10-23.[permanent dead link]
  14. ^"Cae mando de PFP por proteger al Rey Zambada"(in Spanish). El Universal. 2008-10-30.Archivedfrom the original on 2008-11-02.Retrieved2008-11-03.
  15. ^González, Maria de la Luz (2008-11-04)."Confirma PGR arraigo de ex comisionado de PFP"(in Spanish). El Universal.Archivedfrom the original on 2008-11-07.Retrieved2008-11-05.
  16. ^"Is it Worth Creating a Gendarmerie in Mexico? - InSight Crime | Organized Crime in the Americas".InSight Crime. 2012-12-10.Archivedfrom the original on 2014-03-25.Retrieved2014-03-25.
  17. ^"The 'National Gendarmerie' and Mexico's Crime Fighting Plans".Mexidata.info. 2008-12-15.Archivedfrom the original on 2014-03-25.Retrieved2014-03-25.
  18. ^abSieff, Kevin; Sheridan, Mary Beth (10 June 2019)."Mexico is sending its new national guard to the Guatemala border. The mission is unclear".The Washington Post.Retrieved2019-07-14.
  19. ^"Plan Nacional de Paz y Seguridad"(PDF).transicion.mx(in Spanish).Retrieved14 July2019.
  20. ^"A Look At Mexico's New National Guard".NPR.org.13 July 2019.Retrieved14 July2019.
  21. ^abSemple, Kirk; Villegas, Paulina (28 February 2019)."Mexico Approves 60,000-Strong National Guard. Critics Call It More of the Same".The New York Times.Retrieved14 July2019.
  22. ^Correa, Catalina Pérez (8 August 2019)."México necesita una Guardia Nacional realmente civil".The New York Times(in Spanish).Retrieved9 August2019.
  23. ^"Hold These Truths with Dan Crenshaw - Inside the Mexican Cartel Wars | ed Calderon".
  24. ^"Comisión Nacional de Seguridad".Archived fromthe originalon 1 December 2014.Retrieved11 December2014.
  25. ^"Comisión Nacional de Seguridad".Archivedfrom the original on 31 October 2014.Retrieved11 December2014.
  26. ^Alex Gertschen (6 September 2009)."Moral für den Krieg ohne absehbares Ende"(in German). Neue Zürcher Zeitung. Archived fromthe originalon 27 November 2018.
  27. ^"Diario Oficial de la Federación. Cámara de Diputados, 1. Juni 2009; retrieved, 15 April 2012 (PDF; 98 kB, spanisch, Gesetzestext)"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on 12 June 2012.Retrieved2014-03-25.
  28. ^kheinle (2012-02-13)."Justice in Mexico Project, 13 February 2012".Justiceinmexico.org. Archived fromthe originalon 2 March 2014.Retrieved2014-03-25.
  29. ^abFederal police (18 August 2016)."Promoción de Grados 2016".gob.mx(in Spanish). Government of Mexico.Retrieved27 January2021.
  30. ^TransporteArchived2016-04-12 at theWayback Machine
  31. ^"Entrenamiento de Pilotos de la PF".Portalaviacion.vuela.mx. Archived fromthe originalon 2012-07-06.Retrieved2014-03-25.
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