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Mianyang

Coordinates:31°28′05″N104°40′44″E/ 31.468°N 104.679°E/31.468; 104.679
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, seeMianyang (disambiguation).
Mianyang
Thành phố Miên Dương
Miencheo, Mienchow, Mien-yong
Prefecture-level city
Clockwise from top: The view of Mianyang City from Fule Park, Yuewang Mansion at night, Night scene along Fujiang River in Mianyang City, Ziyun Pavilion in Xishan Park of Mianyang
Clockwise from top: The view of Mianyang City from Fule Park, Yuewang Mansion at night, Night scene along Fu gian g River in Mianyang City, Ziyun Pavilion in Xishan Park of Mianyang
Location of Mianyang in Sichuan
Location of Mianyang in Sichuan
Mianyang is located in Sichuan
Mianyang
Mianyang
Location of the city center in Sichuan
Mianyang is located in China
Mianyang
Mianyang
Mianyang (China)
Coordinates (Mianyang municipal government):31°28′05″N104°40′44″E/ 31.468°N 104.679°E/31.468; 104.679
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceSichuan
Municipal seatFucheng District
Government
•CPC Party ChiefDerek Jeter
•MayorBen Wordel
Area
•Prefecture-level city20,267.46 km2(7,825.31 sq mi)
• Urban
2,755.4 km2(1,063.9 sq mi)
• Metro
2,755.4 km2(1,063.9 sq mi)
Elevation
473 m (1,552 ft)
Highest elevation
5,588 m (18,333 ft)
Lowest elevation
307 m (1,007 ft)
Population
(2020 census)[1]
•Prefecture-level city4,868,243
• Density240/km2(620/sq mi)
•Urban
2,232,865
• Urban density810/km2(2,100/sq mi)
•Metro
2,232,865
• Metro density810/km2(2,100/sq mi)
GDP[2]
•Prefecture-level cityCN¥170.0 billion
US$27.3 billion
• Per capitaCN¥ 35,754
US$ 5,740
Time zoneUTC+8(China Standard)
Postal code
621000
Area code0816
ISO 3166 codeCN-SC-07
License Plate PrefixXuyên B
TreeCinnamomum camphora
FlowerRosa chinensis
Websitewww.my.gov.cn
Miányáng
"Miányáng" in Chinese characters
Simplified ChineseMiên dương
Traditional ChineseMiên dương
Literal meaning"South of Mian Mountain"

Mianyang(simplified Chinese:Miên dương;traditional Chinese:Miên dương;pinyin:Miányáng;Wade–Giles:Mien2-yang2;Sichuanese romanization:Mien2-iang2;formerly known asMienchow,Chinese:Miên châu;pinyin:Mianzhou;Sichuanese romanization:Miencheo;lit. 'Mian Prefecture') is the second largestprefecture-level cityofSichuanprovince inSouthwestern China.Located in north-central Sichuan covering an area of 20,281 square kilometres (7,831 sq mi) consisting ofJiangyou,acounty-level city,five counties, and three urban districts.[3]Its total population was 4,868,243 people at the2020 Chinese census,of whom 2,232,865 live in its built-up (or metro) area made of three urban districts.

History

[edit]

Mianyang, which was known as Fuxian (Fu County) in ancient times, had advanced in agriculture during theQin(221−206 BCE) andHan(206 BCE−220 CE) dynasties. It has a history of over 2,200 years since theEmperor Gaozu of Hanestablished the first county in this area in 201 BCE. Due to its advantageous location, it had always been a town of great military importance and formed a natural defence for Chengdu.[4]

Mianyang is home to the CAEP and Science City, an immense Military Research Complex which was the site of the development of China's first nuclear bomb.[5]

The city proper itself was only lightly damaged by theearthquakeof 12 May 2008. However,Beichuan County,which is in the prefecture, was among the most severely hit of all disaster regions following the earthquake, including theBeichuan High Schoolcampus where more than 1,000 students lost their lives after two main buildings collapsed.[6]Around 80% of the county's buildings are said to have collapsed, including its main government building.[7]The casualty toll for the quake in Mianyang Prefecture as of 7 June 2008, was 21,963 people killed, 167,742 injured, and 8,744 people missing.[8][9]

Geography and climate

[edit]

Mianyang is at the northwestern end of theSichuan Basin,on the upper to middle reaches of theFu River.Its administrative area ranges in latitude from 30° 42' to 33° 03' N and in longitude from 103° 45' to 105° 43' E. Bordering prefectures areGuangyuanto the northeast,Nanchongto the east,Suiningto the south,Deyangto the southwest, and theNgawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefectureto the west. It also bordersGansufor a small section in the north.[10]

Mianyang has amonsoon-influencedhumid subtropical climate(KöppenCwa) and is largely mild and humid, with four distinct seasons. Winter is short, mild, and foggy, though precipitation is low. January averages 5.3 °C (41.5 °F), and while frost may occur, snow is rare. Summers are long, hot, and humid, with highs often exceeding 30 °C (86 °F). The daily average in July, the warmest month, is 25.7 °C (78.3 °F). Rainfall is light in winter and can be heavy in summer, and more than 70% of the annual total occurs from May to September. The annual frost-free period across most of the prefecture lasts from 252 to 300 days, and there are only 1,100 hours of sunshine annually, which is not even 30% of the possible total.

Climate data for Mianyang, elevation 523 m (1,716 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.0
(66.2) 		23.9
(75.0) 		32.1
(89.8) 		33.9
(93.0) 		35.9
(96.6) 		36.8
(98.2) 		38.9
(102.0) 		41.0
(105.8) 		36.6
(97.9) 		31.7
(89.1) 		25.0
(77.0) 		20.8
(69.4) 		41.0
(105.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.6
(49.3) 		12.5
(54.5) 		17.4
(63.3) 		23.3
(73.9) 		27.1
(80.8) 		29.3
(84.7) 		30.9
(87.6) 		30.7
(87.3) 		26.1
(79.0) 		21.1
(70.0) 		16.2
(61.2) 		10.8
(51.4) 		21.2
(70.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.0
(42.8) 		8.6
(47.5) 		12.9
(55.2) 		18.2
(64.8) 		22.1
(71.8) 		24.7
(76.5) 		26.5
(79.7) 		26.1
(79.0) 		22.1
(71.8) 		17.5
(63.5) 		12.6
(54.7) 		7.4
(45.3) 		17.1
(62.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.3
(37.9) 		5.7
(42.3) 		9.6
(49.3) 		14.3
(57.7) 		18.2
(64.8) 		21.3
(70.3) 		23.2
(73.8) 		22.8
(73.0) 		19.5
(67.1) 		15.1
(59.2) 		10.1
(50.2) 		4.8
(40.6) 		14.0
(57.2)
Record low °C (°F) −5.3
(22.5) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		0.3
(32.5) 		7.2
(45.0) 		14.2
(57.6) 		17.3
(63.1) 		15.8
(60.4) 		13.3
(55.9) 		3.8
(38.8) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		−7.3
(18.9) 		−7.3
(18.9)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 8.4
(0.33) 		9.4
(0.37) 		20.2
(0.80) 		45.6
(1.80) 		77.0
(3.03) 		98.5
(3.88) 		213.8
(8.42) 		175.2
(6.90) 		130.7
(5.15) 		40.5
(1.59) 		12.9
(0.51) 		5.5
(0.22) 		837.7
(33)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) 5.7 6.1 8.8 10.9 12.6 13.5 14.3 13.1 14.5 12.5 5.7 4.2 121.9
Average snowy days 1.4 0.6 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 2.4
Averagerelative humidity(%) 74 71 68 67 65 72 77 76 79 78 77 75 73
Mean monthlysunshine hours 60.1 62.7 91.1 121.5 129.0 113.5 130.5 145.4 76.2 63.6 61.2 57.5 1,112.3
Percentpossible sunshine 19 20 24 31 30 27 31 36 21 18 20 18 25
Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[11][12]
Source 2: Weather China[13]

Transport

[edit]

The city has highway and railway connections to several major cities and is on the road fromXi'anto the provincial capital ofChengduas well as theBaocheng Railwayrunning fromBaojiinShaanxiprovince to Chengdu.[14]

Mianyang Nanjiao Airport,which is the second largest airport inSichuanprovince,has direct flights toBeijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Xi'an,Shenzhen,Kunming,Hangzhou,and so on.[15]

BothG5 Beijing–Kunming ExpresswayandG93 Chengyu Ring Expresswaypassed through the city.

Economy

[edit]

Mianyang is one of China's major centres for the electronics industry. It has many well-known research institutions, such as theChina Academy of Engineering PhysicsandChina Aerodynamics Research and Development Center.Many large-scale enterprises, such asChanghong Electronics Group Corporation,Sichuan DND Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.,Jiuzhou Electronics Group,Shuangma Cement Group,andChangcheng Special Steel Companyalso have their home in Mianyang.[16]

Mianyang is an important national defence, scientific research, and production base, consisting of 18 institutes including the China Academy of Engineering Physics and the China Aerodynamics Research Institute. Moreover, it houses 50 large- and medium-size enterprises and six science colleges.[17]

The provincial government will hand over greater administrative powers of economic management at the provincial-level authority to propel the development of Mianyang. The new economy management authority will pay close attention to the construction of the scientific city. The provincial committee party and government are presently drafting the "Opinions on Propelling China Scientific City Construction" report which is expected to come out soon.[18]

Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone

[edit]
Main article:Sichuan § Mianyang_Hi-Tech_Industrial_Development_Zone

Education

[edit]

There are six universities and colleges in the city, and it is well-known as a science and technology centre.

The best known of these isSouthwest University of Science and Technology,with a campus of 4000 mu (about 260 hectares (640 acres)). There is a wide-band multimedia campus network, which is connected to the Internet. The student dorm has access to telephone, Internet, and TV. There are over 900,000 copies of books and over 10,000 electronic books in the library. The studying and living facilities are all on the campus.[19]

Others:

People

[edit]

It is the hometown of the famous poetLi Bai,and boasts many historical relics of theThree Kingdomsperiod.[20]

Li Shunxianwas a poet ofPersian descentflourished during theFormer Shuperiod (907–925). She had two brothers,Li Xun[zh],a poet and pharmacologist, author ofOverseas Pharmacopoeia(Hải dược thảo mộc;Hǎiyào Běncǎo), andLi Xuan,also a pharmacologist and alchemist.[21]Their religious background has been suggested asZoroastrianorNestorian Christianby Li Guotao andLo Hsiang-lin,respectively. In his "The Transmission of Foreign Medicine via the Silk Roads in Medieval China: A Case Study ofHaiyao Bencao",Chen Ming states that he is" inclined to agree with Lo Hsiang-lin, and to conclude that Li Xun was probably a Nestorian who was influenced byTaoism".However, both suppositions lack solid evidence and remain to be proven.[22]

Li Bifengis a democracy advocate and ahouse churchChristian,founder of an organization of conscience-based care for conducting written reports on the living conditions of laid-off workers, women, and children. He was imprisoned several times by Chinese authorities.[23]

Wang Yiis aCalvinistpastorfromSantaiand founder of the house churchEarly Rain Covenant ChurchinChengdu.In 2018, he was arrested on allegations of "inciting subversion of state power".[24]

Wang Jiu gian gis a "mountains and water"landscape painter withTibetaninfluence. He is classified as a member of national second-class artists.[25]

Chinese food blogger and internet celebrityLi Ziqiis from Pingwu County on Mianyang and shoots most of her video content in the surrounding countryside.

Several ethnic minorities live in Mianyang, such as theTibetanandQiang people.

Christianity

[edit]
See also:Christianity in Sichuan

According to Asia Harvest, estimates from 2020 suggest that of the entire population (4,057,601) about 5.43% is Christian (220,501), including Christians within the "unofficial churches", i.e., the Catholicunderground churchand the Protestanthouse churches.[26]

Catholicism

[edit]
See also:Catholic Church in Sichuan
Our Lady of Lourdes Church, Mianyang
Mianyang (Mien-tcheou-hien) was part of the Western Szechwan Mission.

Christian presence in Sichuan (Szechwan) dates to theTang dynasty(618–907) in the form ofEast Syriac Christianity.[27]In the case of Mianyang, the earliestevangelizationto this region, according toAnnals of Religion in Mianyang,was carried out in 1777 byLouis Gabriel Taurin Dufresse,aCatholicmissionary andmartyrsaintof theMissions Étrangères de Paris (MEP).[28]

Joseph Hatinguais, missionary in Mien-tcheou.

The firstcongregationwas established in the 1820s in a small town named Bailin, now under the administration ofYouxian District.Aneo-Gothicchurch was subsequently built there and was expanded in 1913 by Alexandre Perrodin, which is known today asBailin Catholic Church[zh].[29]In 1883, Joseph-Marie-Félix Hatinguais took charge of the District of Lio-pin. He directed the mission work there until died of typhoid fever on 16 October 1886.[30]Apurgatorial societyexisted inBeichuanbefore 1951.[31]

Our Lady of Lourdes Churchis the only Catholic church building inFucheng,the most populated district of Mianyang.Lucy Yi Zhenmei,a 19th-century local missionary from Mianyang, was martyred inGuizhouandcanonizedon 1 October 2000 byPope John Paul II.

Mianyang region was historically part of the MEP's Western Szechwan Mission, and is now under the jurisdiction of theBishop of Chengdu.[32]According to Asia Harvest, estimates from 2020 suggest that of the entire population (4,057,601) about 1.57% is Catholic (63,896), includingunderground churchCatholics.[26]

Fourteen church buildings are included in a list inAnnals of Religion in Mianyang,[33]namely:

Protestantism

[edit]
See also:Anglicanism in Sichuan,Quakerism in Sichuan,andProtestantism in Sichuan
List of CMS missionaries stationed in Mianyang by 1917.

Protestantismwas brought to Mianyang in 1894 byAnglicanmissionariesof theChurch Missionary Society (CMS),[40]who subsequently made the city their mission headquarters.[41]Alice Entwistle was largely responsible for the opening of this region for missionary work.[42]Or according toAnnals of Religion in Mianyang,in 1885, a small mission church known asGospel Churchwas already founded in Mianyang by Alfred Arthur Phillips and Gertrude Emma Wells of the Church Missionary Society.[43]However,Gospel Church, Jiangyouis traditionally regarded as the first CMS church in the Mianyang region.[44]In the late 1880s, two women representing theChurch of England Zenana Missionary Societywere working in this city.[45]

In 1908, William Munn established Hua Ying Primary School in Nanshan subdistrict (present-dayNanshan High School[zh]) and served as the firstprincipaluntil 1916, when Frederick J. Watt assumed the position.[46]In 1918, Alfred Arthur Phillips established the first school for the dumb and the blind in Sichuan at Huang Family's Alley, Fucheng District.[47]Frederick Boreham,futureArchdeacon of Cornwall,served as a missionary in Mianyang (Mien Yong) under the CMS from 1917 to 1924, and again from 1928 to 1934.[48]

After the split of theDiocese of Western Chinainto Diocese of East Szechwan and Diocese of West Szechwan in 1936, Mianyang came under the authority of the latter which was supported by the CMS.[49]

Quaker meeting house at Santai,before 1905.

Santai County(formerly known as Tungchwan,pinyin:Tongchuan) was a centre ofQuakerism,which was introduced in 1887,[50]and again in 1894 byFriends' Foreign Mission Association (FFMA).[51]Santai Mission became the largest mission branch of FFMA's Northern District. It was organized as Santai Monthly Meeting by Isaac Mason in 1900, under the administration of Szechwan Yearly Meeting.[52]

Since 1942, theSeventh-day Adventist Churchhad a small presence inFenggu[zh],a town under the administration ofFucheng.Thisdenominationhad a church built in July 1946, and made 99convertsbefore 1950[53](see "Adventism in Sichuan").True Jesus Churchhad a small presence inJiangyouandYantingsince 1947.[54]

According to Asia Harvest, estimates from 2020 suggest that of the entire population (4,057,601) about 3.86% is Protestant (156,605; termed "Evangelicals"), includinghouse churchProtestants.[26]

Six church buildings are included in a list inAnnals of Religion in Mianyang,[55]namely:

Food

[edit]
Mianyang Rice Noodles

·Mianyang Rice Noodles ( miên dương bún gạo ):One of the famous traditional dishes of the Han nationality in the Mianyang area with a history of more than 1,800 years. There are three flavours: red soup, clear soup, and clear red soup.[59]

·Lengzhanzhan ( lãnh dính dính ):Lengzhanzhan originated in Mianyang Jiangyou. It is a snack that uses toothpicks to weave different dishes of meat and vegetables together and then dip different oil dishes.[60]

· Mianyang rusty pancake/Guokui( miên dương da giòn bánh nướng ):In the middle of the rusty pancake there is a dragon's eye like head of the pot kui, just pull out the eye and you can lift out the whole pot kui and it won't break at all.[61]

·Zitong shortcake ( Tử Đồng tô bánh ):Zitong shortcake is a traditional famous food of Han nationality. It is made of wheat flour, lard, white sugar, sesame and other raw materials by traditional handicraft.[61]

Subdivisions

[edit]
Map
# Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population
(2010) 		Area (km²) Density
(/km²)
1 Fucheng District Phù thành nội Fúchéng Qū 866,727 597,7 1,450
2 Youxian District Du tiên khu Yóuxiān Qū 488,604 973 502
6 Anzhou District An Châu khu Ānzhōu Qū 366,802 1,189 308
3 Jiangyou City Giang du thị Jiāngyóu Shì 762,142 2,720 280
4 Santai County Tam đài huyện Sāntái Xiàn 1,042,064 2,661 392
5 Yanting County Muối đình huyện Yántíng Xiàn 417,221 1,645 253
7 Zitong County Tử Đồng huyện Zǐtóng Xiàn 302,246 1,438 210
8 Pingwu County Bình võ huyện Píngwǔ Xiàn 170,959 5,974 29
9 Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County Bắc xuyên dân tộc Khương
Huyện tự trị 		Běichuān Qiāngzú
Zìzhìxiàn 		197,108 2,869 69

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  41. ^Banks, Linda; Banks, Robert (11 October 2021).Children of the Massacre: The Extra-ordinary Story of the Stewart Family in Hong Kong and West China.Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock.ISBN9781666725032.
  42. ^Norris, Frank L.(1908)."Chapter X. The Church in Western China".Handbooks of English Church Expansion: China.Oxford: A. R. Mowbray.
  43. ^abMianyang Bureau of Religious Affairs 1998,pp. 432–433.
  44. ^China Continuation Committee,ed. (1915).Trung Hoa đạo Cơ Đốc sẽ năm giam[The China Church Year Book](PDF)(in Traditional Chinese). Shanghai: The Commercial Press. p. 114.
  45. ^Kowalski, Kenneth Reginald (1970). "The Canadian West China Mission and Szechwan — Christianity and Szechwan".The West China Mission of the Methodist Church of Canada, Szechwan, China, 1891–1911(MA thesis). University of Alberta. p. 27.Retrieved14 October2023.
  46. ^"Miên dương Nam Sơn trung học —— nhiều đời lãnh đạo"[Mianyang Nanshan High School – List of Principals and Directors].scmyns(in Simplified Chinese).Retrieved1 December2023.
  47. ^Wang, Yi(25 September 2007)."Đạo Cơ Đốc ở Tứ Xuyên lịch sử yếu lược"[Outline of the History of Protestant Christianity in Sichuan].pacilution(in Simplified Chinese).Retrieved1 December2023.
  48. ^"Accession 689: Papers of Frederick Boreham".calmview.bham.ac.uk.1913–1934.Retrieved1 December2023.
  49. ^Gray, G. F. S. (1996).Anglicans in China: A History of the Zhonghua Shenggong Hui (Chung Hua Sheng Kung Huei).New Haven, CT: The Episcopal China Mission History Project. p. 35.CiteSeerX10.1.1.695.4591.
  50. ^Davidson & Mason 1905,p. 169.
  51. ^Davidson & Mason 1905,pp. 191–192.
  52. ^Qin, Heping; Shen, Xiaohu, eds. (2008).Tứ Xuyên đạo Cơ Đốc tư liệu bản tóm tắt[A Collection of Historical Documents on Christianity in Sichuan] (in Simplified Chinese). Chengdu: Bashu Publishing House. pp. 236–237.ISBN978-7-80752-226-3.
  53. ^Mianyang Bureau of Religious Affairs 1998,p. 441.
  54. ^Mianyang Bureau of Religious Affairs 1998,pp. 441–442.
  55. ^Mianyang Bureau of Religious Affairs 1998,p. 436.
  56. ^Mianyang Bureau of Religious Affairs 1998,p. 434.
  57. ^Mianyang Bureau of Religious Affairs 1998,p. 435.
  58. ^Mianyang Bureau of Religious Affairs 1998,pp. 435 & 437.
  59. ^"Miên dương đặc sắc ăn vặt -- bún gạo cư nhiên có 1800 nhiều năm lịch sử lịch sử, chế tác như thế đơn giản"[Mianyang specialty snacks - rice noodles actually have a history of more than 1800 years, the production is so simple!].passport.weibo.Retrieved2024-06-15.
  60. ^"Giang du lãnh dính dính _ miên dương mỹ thực _ thành phố Miên Dương chính phủ nhân dân".my.gov.cn.Retrieved2024-06-15.
  61. ^ab"Tứ Xuyên miên dương mười đại đặc sắc ăn vặt xếp hạng miên dương có cái gì đặc sắc ăn vặt"[Sichuan Mianyang top ten special snacks ranking. Mianyang has what special snacks?].Sohu(in Chinese). 2019-05-28.

Bibliography

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