Michael Artin
Michael Artin | |
|---|---|
 Michael Artin in 1999 | |
| Born | 28 June 1934 Hamburg,Germany |
| Nationality | German-American |
| Alma mater | Princeton University (BA) Harvard University(PhD) |
| Known for | Artin approximation theorem |
| Awards | Harvard Centennial Medal(2005) Steele Prize(2002) Wolf Prize(2013) National Medal of Science(2013) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Algebraic geometry Noncommutative algebra |
| Institutions | MIT |
| Thesis | On Enriques' Surfaces(1960) |
| Doctoral advisor | Oscar Zariski |
| Doctoral students | Eric Friedlander David Harbater Zinovy Reichstein Amnon Yekutieli |
Michael Artin(German:[ˈaʁtiːn];born 28 June 1934) is an Americanmathematicianand a professor emeritus in theMassachusetts Institute of Technology Mathematics Department,known for his contributions toalgebraic geometry.[1][2]
Life and career[edit]
Artin was born inHamburg,Germany, and brought up inIndiana.His parents wereNatalia Naumovna Jasny(Natascha) andEmil Artin,preeminent algebraist of the 20th century ofArmeniandescent. Artin's parents left Germany in 1937, because his mother's father wasJewish.[3]His elder sister isKarin Tate,who was married to mathematicianJohn Tateuntil the late 1980s.
Artin did his undergraduate studies atPrinceton University,receiving an A.B. in 1955. He then moved toHarvard University,where he received a Ph.D. in 1960 under the supervision ofOscar Zariski,defending a thesis aboutEnriques surfaces.[1][4]
In the early 1960s, Artin spent time at theIHÉSin France, contributing to theSGA4volumes of theSéminaire de géométrie algébrique,ontopos theoryandétale cohomology,jointly withAlexander Grothendieck.He also collaborated withBarry Mazurto defineétale homotopy theorywhich has become an important tool in algebraic geometry, and applied ideas from algebraic geometry (such as theNash approximation) to the study ofdiffeomorphismsofcompact manifolds.
His work on the problem of characterising therepresentable functorsin thecategory of schemeshas led to theArtin approximation theoreminlocal algebraas well as the "Existence theorem". This work also gave rise to the ideas of analgebraic spaceandalgebraic stack,and has proved very influential inmoduli theory.
He also has made important contributions to thedeformation theoryof algebraic varieties, serving as the basis for all future work in this area of algebraic geometry. WithPeter Swinnerton-Dyer,he provided a resolution of the Shafarevich-Tate conjecture for ellipticK3 surfacesand the pencil of elliptic curves over finite fields.
He contributed to the theory of surface singularities which are both fundamental and seminal. Therational singularityand fundamental cycles, which are used in matroid theory, are such examples of his sheer originality and thinking.
He began to turn his interest fromalgebraic geometrytononcommutative algebra(noncommutative ringtheory), especially geometric aspects, after a talk byShimshon Amitsurand an encounter inUniversity of ChicagowithClaudio Procesiand Lance W. Small, "which prompted [his] first foray into ring theory".[5]
Today, he is a recognized world authority innoncommutative algebraic geometryand his impact can be felt across many related areas.
Awards[edit]
In 2002, Artin won theAmerican Mathematical Society's annualSteele Prizefor Lifetime Achievement.
In 2005, he was awarded theHarvard Centennial Medal.
In 2013, he won theWolf Prize in Mathematics,and in 2015 was awarded theNational Medal of Sciencefrom the PresidentBarack Obama.
He is also a member of theNational Academy of Sciencesand a Fellow of theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences(1969),[6]theAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science,theSociety for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,[1]and theAmerican Mathematical Society.[7]
He is a Foreign Member of theRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciencesand Honorary Fellow of theMoscow Mathematical Society,and was awarded honorary doctorates from the universities of Hamburg andAntwerp,Belgium.He was invited to give a talk on the topic "The Étale Topology of Schemes" at theInternational Congress of Mathematiciansin 1966 inMoscow,USSR.
Books[edit]
As author[edit]
- with Barry Mazur:Etale homotopy.Berlin; Heidelberg; New York: Springer. 1969.
- Algebraic spaces.New Haven: Yale University Press. 1971.
- Théorie des topos et cohomologie étale des schémas.Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag. 1972.
- in collaboration with Alexandru Lascu & Jean-François Boutot:Théorèmes de représentabilité pour les espaces algébriques.Montréal: Presses de l'Université de Montréal. 1973.
- with notes by C.S. Sephardi & Allen Tannenbaum:Lectures on deformations of singularities.Bombay: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. 1976.
- Algebra.Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall. 1991.2nd edition.Boston: Pearson Education. 2011.[8]
- Algebraic Geometry: Notes on a Course.American Mathematical Society. 2022.
As editor[edit]
- with David Mumford:Contributions to algebraic geometry in honor of Oscar Zariski.Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 1979.
- with John Tate:Arithmetic and geometry: papers dedicated to I.R. Shafarevich on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday.Boston: Birkhäuser. 1983.
- with Hanspeter Kraft & Reinhold Remmert:Duration and change: fifty years at Oberwolfach.Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag. 1994.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^abcFaculty profileArchived2013-04-08 at theWayback Machine,MIT mathematics department, retrieved 2011-01-03
- ^Date information sourced from Library of Congress Authorities data, via correspondingWorldCatIdentitieslinked authority file (LAF).
- ^O'Connor, John J.;Robertson, Edmund F.,"Michael Artin",MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive,University of St Andrews
- ^Michael Artinat theMathematics Genealogy Project
- ^From the MacTutor biography: "His main research area changed from algebraic geometry to noncommutative ring theory".
- ^"Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A"(PDF).American Academy of Arts and Sciences.Retrieved25 April2011.
- ^List of Fellows of the American Mathematical Society,retrieved 2012-11-03.
- ^Karaali, Gizem (24 March 2011)."Review ofAlgebraby Michael Artin ".MAA Reviews, Mathematical Association of America.
External links[edit]
- Michael Artinat theMathematics Genealogy Project
- Michael Artinat MIT Mathematics
- http://nationalmedals.org/laureates/michael-artin
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Academics | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- 1934 births
- Living people
- 20th-century American mathematicians
- 21st-century American mathematicians
- Algebraic geometers
- American algebraists
- Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
- Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
- Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
- Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
- German people of Armenian descent
- Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
- German people of Austrian descent
- Harvard University alumni
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
- Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
- Presidents of the American Mathematical Society
- Wolf Prize in Mathematics laureates