Burkina Faso Armed Forces

Burkina Faso Armed Forces
Forces armées du Burkina Faso
Coat of arms of Burkina Faso
Current form	1985
Service branches	Burkina Faso Ground Force Air Force of Burkina Faso National Gendarmerie People's Militia
Headquarters	Ouagadougou
Website	defense.gov.bf
Leadership
Commander-in-chief	CaptainIbrahim Traoré
Minister of Defense and Veteran Affairs	ColonelKassoum Coulibaly
Chief of General Staff	Colonel-Major Célestin Simporé
Personnel
Active personnel	15,500 (Army 10,000, Air 500, Gendarmerie 5,000; 2023)
Expenditure
Budget	$450 million (2019)
Percent of GDP	2.2% (2019) 2.9% (2022)
Related articles
History	Agacher Strip War Sierra Leone Civil War Insurgency in the Maghreb 2014 Burkina Faso uprising January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso
Ranks	Military ranks of Burkina Faso

TheBurkina Faso Armed Forces(French:Forces armées du Burkina Faso) is the term used for the national military ofBurkina Faso.The service branches of the armed forces include itsArmy,Air Force,National GendarmerieandPeople's Militia.Being a landlocked country, Burkina Faso has nonavy.

History

In 1966 amilitary coupdeposed the first president ofUpper Volta,Maurice Yaméogo,suspended the constitution, dissolved the National Assembly, and placed Lieutenant ColonelSangoulé Lamizanaat the head of a government of senior army officers. The army remained in power for 4 years; on June 14, 1970, the Voltans ratified a new constitution that established a 4-year transition period toward complete civilian rule. Lamizana remained in power throughout the 1970s as president of military or mixed civil-military governments. After conflict over the 1970 constitution, a new constitution was written and approved in 1977, and Lamizana was reelected by open elections in 1978.

Lamizana's government faced problems with the country's traditionally powerful trade unions and on November 25, 1980, ColonelSaye Zerbooverthrew President Lamizana in a bloodless coup. Colonel Zerbo established the Military Committee of Recovery for National Progress as the supreme governmental authority, thus eradicating the 1977 constitution.

Colonel Zerbo also encountered resistance from trade unions and was overthrown two years later on November 7, 1982, by Major Dr.Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogoand the Council of Popular Salvation (CSP). The CSP continued to ban political parties and organisations, yet promised a transition to civilian rule and a new constitution.

Factional infighting developed between moderates in the CSP and radicals led by CaptainThomas Sankara,who was appointed prime minister in January 1983. The internal political struggle and Sankara's leftist rhetoric led to his arrest and subsequent efforts to bring about his release, directed by CaptainBlaise Compaoré.This release effort resulted in yet another military coup d'état on August 4, 1983. Compaoré came to power in a 1987 coup that led to the death of Sankara.

On February 15, 2011,soldiers mutiniedinOuagadougouover unpaid housing allowances.On April 18, 2011, it was reported that the mutiny had spread toKayaafter demonstrations inPôandTenkodogo.On April 29, 2011, the army said the mutiny would end after Compaoré promised to improve the military's housing, clothing and food allowances,though there were later protests by soldiers.

Aftera coupby members of theRegiment of Presidential Securityon September 16, 2015, army units marched on Ouagadougou to oppose the coup, resulting in the restoration of Burkina Faso's transitional government (which was appointed after the2014 Burkinabe uprising) on September 23, 2015.

In a coup attempt on January 24, 2022, mutinying soldiers arrested President Roch Kabore following gunfire.

On April 20, 2023, the 3rd Battalion of the Rapid Intervention Brigade committed theKarma massacre,rounding up and executing between 60 and 156 civilians, including women and children.

Ground forces

Soldiers from Burkina Faso before deployment to an exercise inMali(2010)

The Army of Burkina Faso (L'Armée de Terreor LAT – Ground Forces) is a skeletonised force structure of some 5,800–6,000 officers and men, augmented by a conscript force orPeople's Militiaof some 45,000 men and women. Unlike the police and security forces, the Army and the People's Militia are organised along Soviet/Chinese models and precepts. The Army is equipped with light wheeled armoured cars, some mounting cannons.

TheInternational Institute for Strategic Studiesestimated in 2011–12that Burkina Faso had 6,400 personnel inL'Armée de Terrein three military regions, one tank battalion (two tank platoons), five infantry regiments that may be under-strength, and an airborne regiment. Artillery and engineer battalions are also listed.

In recent years, the United States has begun providing military assistance and training to Burkina Faso's ground forces. It has trained three 750-man battalions for peace support operations in Darfur. During a recent UN inspection, aU.S. Department of Defenseevaluation team found Burkina'sLaafibattalion fit to deploy to Sudan. Using a small Department of Defense International Military Education and Training (IMET) budget, the U.S. Embassy has established English-language courses at an LAT military base, and has brought LAT officers to attend officer basic training courses in the U.S. The government of Burkina Faso has also accepted additional U.S. training assistance in counter-terrorism tactics and humanitarian assistance. Burkina Faso has recently become a member of theTrans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership(TSCTP).

Three years of increasingly frequent and deadly attacks, by various jihadist groups, prompted the replacement of the Army Chief of Staff, Sadou Oumarou, appointed three years ago with the same mandate, with General Moise Minoungou on 6 January 2019.

There is a multi-national training camp inLoumbila Department,staffed by Czech and Polish instructors.

Equipment

Main article:List of equipment of the Burkina Faso Armed Forces

Air Force

Theroundelused by the Air Force

The Air Force was founded in 1964 as theEscadrille de la République de Haute-Volta(EHV) or the Republic of Upper Volta Air Squadron, a subordinate unit of the Army. That year, a transient air support base was created with the assistance of theFrench Air Force.After acquiring an initial fleet of utility and transport aircraft, the squadron was attached to an inter-army support regiment. In 1970, theEscadrillewas renamed theForce Aérienne de Haute-Volta,or FAHV, and in 1977 became an autonomous force. In October 1985, theForce Aérienne du Burkina Faso,or FABF, was officially inaugurated.

The EHV was initially formed with twoDouglas C-47Skytrain and threeMH.1521M Broussardaircraft. These were later followed by twoAlouette III SA.316 Bhelicopters, used mostly for liaison purposes, one twin-enginedAero Commander 500light utility aircraft, twoHawker-Siddeley HS.748-2Atwin turboprop transport aircraft, and twoNord 262twin turboprop transport aircraft. Twoescadrilles(squadrons) or sub-formations were created: theEscadrille de Transport(Transport Unit), and theEscadrille d'Hélicoptères(Helicopter Unit). Later, theEscadrille d'Entraînement(Training Unit) was added. All squadrons were initially based at Ouagadougou.

In mid-1984, Libyan military aid brought eightMikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21jet fighters, along with two MiG-21U combat trainer versions. These ex-Libyan Air ForceMiG-21 "Fishbed" fighters were based inOuagadougou,although they were actually operated by the Libyan Air Force on loan by Libya, and were removed in 1985 without seeing combat. A single MiG-17F Fresco that was also operated by the FABF did see combat service in theAgacher Strip Warin 1985–86. In 1985, the FABF also acquired two ex-SovietMi-4transport helicopters from an unknown supplier, followed by an additional two Mi-4s. The Mi-4s were operated by the FABF until the late 1980s, when they were taken out of service. FiveMi-8/17 transport helicopters were later added to theEscadrille d'Hélicoptères.While supervising the ceasefire after theAgacher Strip War,an FABF SA.316B Alouette III crashed at Kouni on 14 January 1986, leaving only one SA.316B still in service with theEscadrille d'Hélicoptères.

In 1986, the FABF formed a new unit, theEscadrille de Chasse(EdC) (Attack Unit). In mid-1986 six ex-Philippine Air ForceSF.260WP Warriorarmed trainers/light strike aircraft were acquired from a dealer in Belgium, which offered the FABF a much simpler and less expensive alternative in tactical air support to the expensive MiGs. The Warriors were not only used for pilot training, but also as light strike aircraft, and a number of them were employed by the FABF'sEscadrille de Chasse(EdC). Four additional SF.260WPs were subsequently bought directly from Italy. The six ex-Philippine SF.260WP aircraft were taken out of service in 1993 and returned to their previous owner, although the four newly built SF.260WP aircraft were retained in service, and stationed at Bobo Dioulasso air base.

Most of the other light aircraft acquired by the FABF in the 1970s and 1980s have also now been retired along with the Mi-4 helicopters, but some recent acquisitions have been made, including aBeechcraftKing Air,a PiperPA-34 Seneca,aCEAPRRobin light training aircraft, and a singleAir TractorAT-802aerial sprayer aircraft for spraying insecticides, purchased after the northern part of the country suffered heavy crop damage from a 2004 invasion of swarminglocusts.In 2009, two Xenon Gyroplane autogyros were purchased for use by police and security forces.

In late 2005, the FABF acquired twoMil Mi-35"Hind" attack helicopters from Russia in an apparent response to moves by neighbouringIvory Coastto bolster its own air attack capabilities during theIvorian Civil War.

Aircraft

An SF 260C in France, painted in the Burkina Faso Air Force livery

Aircraft	Origin	Type	Variant	In service	Notes
Combat aircraft
Embraer EMB-314	Brazil	light attack		3
Reconnaissance
Diamond DA42	Austria	surveillance		1
Transport
Super King Air	United States	transport	200	1
EADS CASA C-295	Spain	transport		1
Helicopter
Mil Mi-17	Russia	utility	Mi-8/171	3	2 on order
Mil Mi-24	Russia	attack		2
Bell UH-1	United States	utility	UH-1H	1	donated by the Government ofTaiwan
Eurocopter AS350	France	utility		4
Trainer aircraft
Humbert Tétras	France	trainer		8	also provides surveillance
SIAI-Marchetti SF.260	Italy	basic trainer		4
Unmanned aerial vehicle
Bayraktar TB2	Turkey	UCAV		5
Bayraktar Akıncı	Turkey	UCAV		2

Sources

• World aircraft information files,Brightstar publishing London File 338 sheet 4

Further reading

• Alan Bryden, Boubacar N'Diaye, 'Security Sector Governance in Francophone West Africa: Realities and Opportunities,' DCAF/Lit Verlag, 2011.
• Cooper, Tom & Weinert, Peter (2010).African MiGs: Volume I: Angola to Ivory Coast.Harpia Publishing LLC.ISBN978-0-9825539-5-4.