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Minkhaung Medaw

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For other people named Minkhaung, seeMinkhaung (disambiguation).
Minkhaung Medaw
မင်းခေါင် မယ်တော်
Queen Consort of Mrauk U
Tenureby1540 – 1554
PredecessorSaw Min Hla
SuccessorSaw Mi Latt
Queen Consort of Hanthawaddy
Tenureby1535–1539
Predecessorunknown
Successorunknown
Bornc.late 1510s
Prome(Pyay)
Prome Kingdom
Diedc. 1560s
Mrauk U
Kingdom of Mrauk U
SpouseTaka Yut Pi(by1535–1539)
Min Bin(by1540–1554)
Issueကွန်းဗ္လဲ Kaungbalay (daughter) was born from KingTaka Yut Pi
HouseProme
FatherBayin Htwe
MotherChit Mi
ReligionTheravada Buddhism
This article containsBurmese script.Without properrendering support,you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbolsinstead ofBurmese script.

Minkhaung Medaw(Burmese:မင်းခေါင် မယ်တော်,pronounced[mɪ́ɴɡàʊɴmɛ̀dɔ̀]) was aprincipal queenof KingTaka Yut PiofHanthawaddy (Ramanya)fromc.1535 to 1539, and of KingMin BinofMrauk U (Arakan)fromc.1540 to 1554. A daughter of KingBayin HtweofProme,the queen is also referred to asPegu MibayaandTanzaung Mibayain theroyal chronicles.

Brief[edit]

Early life[edit]

The future queen was born to PrinceHtweofProme(Pyay) and his second wifeChit Mic.late 1510s. She was descended from a long line ofrulers of Promefrom both sides, and ultimately from KingNarapati I of Ava(r. 1442–1468) from both sides. She was a granddaughter of then King of Prome,Thado Minsaw.[note 1]The princess had three full siblings—an elder brotherMinye Sithu(later known as King Minkhaung of Prome), a younger sister later known as VicereineLaygyun Mibayaof Toungoo, and a younger brother who died young; and four half-siblings, including KingNarapati of Promeand VicereineNarapati Medaw of Prome.Her personal name is unknown; Minkhaung Medaw was a title (literally, "Minkhaung's Royal Younger Sister" ).[note 2]

The princess likely grew up in Prome since her father succeeded in becoming king in 1526.[1]In the 1530s and 1540s, the princess became involved in twomarriages of state,courtesy of her two brothers.[note 3]

Queen of Hanthawaddy Pegu (Ramanya)[edit]

Circa 1535, her half brother Narapati, who had succeeded their father as king since 1532, married her off to KingTaka Yut PiofHanthawaddy Pegu.[note 4]Narapati also married Taka Yut Pi's sister. The marriages were intended to cement the burgeoning alliance between Prome and Pegu. The two kingdoms had been in a low grade conflict with theupstart kingdom of ToungoooverTharrawaddy,the southernmost district of Prome, since 1531.[1]Her marriage to Taka Yut Pi came as the conflict had escalated to afull blown war between Toungoo and Pegu.[2]The marriage was one of the three state marriage alliances executed by Narapati. The king of Prome, who was a vassal ofAva,also sent his full sisterNarapati Medawto marry Gov.Sithu KyawhtinofSalin(a powerful governor and ally of Ava) to further cement the relationship with Ava,[3]and his other half sister, Laygyun Mibaya, to marry KingTabinshwehtiof Toungoo with the hope of avoiding an all out war with Toungoo.[4]

If Narapati's marriage alliances kept Prome out of Toungoo's immediate wrath, Minkhaung Medaw's new home,Pegu(Bago), came under repeated Toungoo attacks for the next three years. In late 1538, Taka Yut Pi decided to evacuate Pegu, and the royal family of Pegu retreated to Prome.[5]Because of her stint at Pegu, she is referred to as Pegu Mibaya (ပဲခူး မိဖုရား,[bəgómḭbəjá];"Queen of Pegu" ).[6]However, soon after their arrival at Prome, her husband and her brother Narapati, king of Prome, both died, one after another.[7]

Queen of Mrauk U (Arakan)[edit]

She would not remain a widow for long. Prome was now at war with Toungoo, and the new king of Prome Minkhaung, her elder brother, sent her off to marry KingMin BinofMrauk Uin another marriage alliancec.1540.[note 5]At Mrauk U, she became known as Tanzaung Mibaya (တန်ဆောင်း မိဖုရား,[dəzáʊ̯ɴmḭbəjá];"Queen of the Royal Hall" ).[note 6]

Ancestry[edit]

The following is the queen's ancestry.[note 7]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^See (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 82–84) and (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 80, 88) for her father's ancestry. See (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 80, 82–84) for her mother's ancestry.
  2. ^She must have received the title in or after 1539 when her elder brother Minye Sithu ascended the throne with the title of Minkhaung per (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 215)
  3. ^(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 330) and (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 195–196): Her half-brother Narapati, two years after his accession, sent her to Pegu in a marriage to King Taka Yut Pi in 1534/35. And her brother Minkhaung sent her to Mrauk-U to wed King Min Bin c. 1540.
  4. ^(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 330): Two years after his accession in 894 ME (1532/33), Narapati sent the elder daughter of Queen Chit Mi to marry Taka Yut Pi.
  5. ^Various chronicle accounts exist. (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 195–196): The chronicleMaha Yazawinsays it was Narapati that sent her to Mrauk U butYazawin Thitsays it was Minkhaung that sent her to Mrauk U.Hmannan YazawinsaysYazawin Thit'saccount agrees with the queen's own extant writings.
    Furthermore, the main Burmese chronicles say that she was sent to Mrauk U as part of a marriage alliance between Prome and Mrauk U soon after Minkhaung became king. Per (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 195), Mrauk U entered into an alliance with Prome and Prome's overlord Ava before Toungoo decided to attackMartabanin November 1540. It means the marriage between Minkhaung Medaw and Min Bin most likely had taken place by 1540. However, the Arakanese chronicle (Rakhine Razawin Thit Vol. 2 1999: 33) says that Minkhaung Medaw was presented to King Min Bin in 1547 by KingTabinshwehtito end theToungoo–Mrauk-U War (1545–47).
  6. ^Tanzaung Mibaya was likely a title of a second ranked queen consort, based on the queens who held the same title under other kings. (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 46): QueenSaw Thanda,with the title of Tanzaung Mibaya, was the second ranked queen of KingMin Saw Hla.(RRT Vol. 2 1999: 87): Tanzaung Mibaya was also likely the second ranked queen consort of KingRaza II.
  7. ^The mainroyal chronicles(Maha YazawinVol. 3 2006: 89), (Yazawin ThitVol. 1 2012: 329) and (Hmannan YazawinVol. 3 2003: 88) all say that Minkhaung Medaw's mother was QueenShwe Zin Gon,and that the princess died either in her 20th year (at age 19;Maha YazawinandHmannan) or in her 15th year (at age 14;Yazawin Thit). But the reporting is most likely a mixup. Her title Minkhaung Medaw ( "Minkhaung's Royal Younger Sister" ) indicates that she was likely to have been the full sister of Minkhaung, whose mother, according to all main chronicles, was QueenChit Mi.Indeed, (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 329) does say that it was the second daughter of Queen Chit Mi and Bayin Htwe that became a queen consort of King Taka Yut Pi of Pegu. Furthermore, the Arakanese chronicleRakhine Razawin Thit(RRT Vol. 2 1999: 33) identifies the queen who became King Min Bin's Tanzaung Mibaya as Queen Minkhaung Medaw, who according to the main Burmese chronicles was already dead in her teenage years.

References[edit]

  1. ^abYazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 328
  2. ^Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 185
  3. ^Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 330
  4. ^Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 80
  5. ^Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 188–192
  6. ^Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 195
  7. ^Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 215

Bibliography[edit]

  • Kala,U (1724).Maha Yazawin(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2006, 4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
  • Maha Sithu(2012) [1798]. Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.).Yazawin Thit(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2nd ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
  • Royal Historical Commission of Burma(1832).Hmannan Yazawin(in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
  • Sandamala Linkara, Ashin (1931).Rakhine Razawin Thit(in Burmese). Vol. 1–2 (1997–1999 ed.). Yangon: Tetlan Sarpay.
Minkhaung Medaw
Born:c.1510s
Royal titles
Preceded by
unknown
 Queen consort of Arakan
by1540 – 1554 		Succeeded by
unknown
Preceded by
unknown
 Queen consort of Hanthawaddy
by1535 – 1539 		Succeeded by
unknown
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