Modern English Bible translations
Modern English Bible translationsconsists of EnglishBibletranslations developed and published throughout thelate modern period(c. 1800–1945) to thepresent(c. 1945–).
A multitude of recent attempts have been made to translate the Bible into English. Most modern translations published sincec. 1900are based on recently publishedcritical editionsof the original Hebrew and Greek texts. These translations typically rely on theBiblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia/Biblia Hebraica Quinta,counterparted by theNovum Testamentum Graece(and theGreek New Testament,published by theUnited Bible Societies,which contains the same text).[1][2]
With regard to the use of Bible translations amongbiblical scholarship,theNew Revised Standard Versionis used broadly,[3]but theEnglish Standard Versionis emerging as a primary text of choice among biblical scholars and theologians inclined toward theological conservatism.[4][5][a]
Development of Modern English Bible versions
[edit] | This sectionneeds additional citations forverification.(October 2019) |
TheWessex Gospelswere the first translation of the fourGospelsin English without accompanying Latin text.[12]TheAuthorized King James Versionof 1611 was sporadically altered until 1769, but was not thoroughly updated until the creation of theRevised Versionin 1885; it was not until theRevised Standard Versionof 1952 (New Testament in 1946) that a rival to the KJV was composed, nearly 350 years after the KJV was first published. The RSV gained widespread adoption among the mainstream Protestant Churches in America and a Catholic Edition was released in 1962. It was updated as theNew Revised Standard Versionin 1989.
In the late twentieth century, Bibles increasingly appeared that were much less literal in their approach to translation. In 1946, theNew English Biblewas initiated in the United Kingdom, intended to enable readers to better understand the King James Bible. In 1958,J. B. Phillips(1906–1982) produced an edition of theNew Testamentlettersin paraphrase, theLetters to Young Churches,so that members of his youth group could understand what the New Testament authors had written. In 1966,Good News for Modern Man,a non-literal translation of the New Testament, was released to wide acceptance. Others followed suit.The Living Bible,released in 1971, was published by its authorKenneth N. Taylor,based on the literalAmerican Standard Versionof 1901. Taylor had begun because of the trouble his children had in understanding the literal (and sometimes archaic) text of the King James Bible. His work was at first intended for children, but was later positioned for marketing to high school and college students, as well as adults wishing to better understand the Bible. Like Phillips' version, the Living Bible was a dramatic departure from the King James Version.
Despite widespread criticism due to being aparaphraserather than a translation, the popularity of The Living Bible created a demand for a new approach to translating the Bible into contemporary English calleddynamic equivalence,which attempts to preserve the meaning of the original text in a readable way. Realizing the immense benefits of a Bible that was more easily accessible to the average reader, and responding to the criticisms of the Living Bible, theAmerican Bible Societyextended theGood News for Modern Manto theGood News Bible(1976) by adding the Old Testament, in this more readable style. This translation has gone on to become one of the best selling in history. In 1996, a new revision of Taylor's Living Bible was published. ThisNew Living Translationis a full translation from the original languages rather than a paraphrase of the Bible.
Another project aimed to create something in between the very literal translation of the King James Bible and the more informal Good News Bible. The goal of this was to create a Bible that would be scholarly yet not overly formal. The result of this project was theNew International Version(1978). This version became highly popular in Evangelical Protestant circles.
The debate between the formal equivalence and dynamic (or 'functional') equivalence translation styles has increased with the introduction ofinclusive languageversions. Various terms are employed to defend or attack this development, such asfeminist,gender neutral,orgender accurate.New editions of some previous translations have been updated to take this change in language into account, including theNew Jerusalem Bible(1985), theNew Revised Standard Version(1989), theRevised English Bible(1989), andToday's New International Version(2005). Some translations have approached the issue more cautiously, such as theEnglish Standard Version(2001).
A further process that has assisted in greatly increasing the number of English Bible versions is the use of the Internet in producing virtual bibles, of which a growing number are beginning to appear in print – especially given the development of "print on demand".
Today, there is a range of translations ranging from the most literal, such as theYoung's Literal Translationto the most free such asThe MessageandThe Word on the Street.
18th and 19th century translations
[edit]| Name | Date |
|---|---|
| Challoner'srevision of theDouay–Rheims Bible | 1752 |
| John Wesley,Wesley's New Testament | 1755 |
| Quaker Bible | 1764 |
| Benjamin Blayney,New Translations of Jeremiah, Lamentations and Zechariah | 1784, 1797 |
| Gilbert Wakefield,A Translation of the New Testament[13] | 1791 |
| Thomson's Translation | 1808 |
| Alexander Campbell'sTheLiving Oracles(New Testament) | 1826 |
| Webster's Revision | 1833 |
| Young's Literal Translation | 1862 |
| Julia E. Smith Parker Translation | 1876 |
| English Revised Version | 1885 |
| Darby Bible | 1890 |
20th and 21st century translations
[edit]King James Version and derivatives
[edit]TheKing James Versionof 1611 (in editions following the editing of Blayney at Oxford in 1769) still has an immense following, and as such there have been a number of different attempts to update or improve upon it. TheEnglish Revised Version and its derivativesalso stem from the King James Version.
| Abbreviation | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Webster | Webster's Revisionof the King James Version | 1833 |
| (Johannes Lauritzen) | 1920 | |
| CKJV | Children's King James VersionJay P. Green | 1960 |
| KJ II | King James II Version of the BibleJay P. Green | 1971 |
| KJ3/LITV | King James 3 Version of the Holy Bible(byJay P. Green) | 1985 |
| KJV20 | King James Version—Twentieth Century EditionJay P. Green | |
| NKJV | New King James Version | 1982 |
| KJ21 | 21st Century King James Version | 1994 |
| TMB | Third Millennium Bible | 1998 |
| MKJV | Modern King James Version byJay P. Green[14] | 1999 |
| AKJV | American King James Version[15] | 1999 |
| KJV2000 | King James Version 2000[16] | 2000 |
| UKJV | Updated King James Version[17][18] | 2000 |
| KJVER | King James Version Easy Reading[19] | 2001 |
| HSE | Holy Scriptures in English[20] | 2001 |
| CKJV | Comfort-able King James Version[21] | 2003 |
| NCPB | New Cambridge Paragraph Bible[22] | 2005 |
| AV7 | AV7 (New Authorized Version) | 2006 |
| AVU | Authorized Version Update[23] | 2006 |
| KJV-CE | King James Version—Corrected Edition[24] | |
| DNKJB | Divine Name King James Bible[25] | 2011 |
| MCT | Mickelson Clarified Translation, translated by Jonathan Mickelson[26][27] | 2008, 2013, 2015, 2019 |
| MEV | Modern English Version[28] | 2014 |
| King James Bible for Catholics[29] | 2020 | |
| SKJV | Simplified King James Version[30] | 2022 |
English Revised Version and derivatives
[edit]TheEnglish Revised Versionwas the first official attempt to update the King James Version of 1769. This was adapted in the United States as theAmerican Standard Version.The translations and versions that stem from them are shown in date order:
| Abbreviation | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| RV/ERV | English Revised Version | 1885 |
| ASV | American Standard Version | 1901 |
| RSV | Revised Standard Version | 1952, 1971 |
| NASB | New American Standard Bible | 1971, 1995, 2020 |
| NRSV | New Revised Standard Version | 1989, 2021 |
| WEB | World English Bible | 2000, 2020 |
| ESV | English Standard Version | 2001, 2016 |
New International Version and derivatives
[edit]The popularNew International Versionhas appeared in a number of editions.
| Abbreviation | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| NIV | New International Version | 1978, 1984, 2011[31] |
| NIrV | New International Reader's Version | 1996, 1998, 2014 |
| NIVI | New International Version Inclusive Language Edition(discontinued) | 1996-2002 |
| TNIV | Today's New International Version(discontinued) | 2002-2011 |
Dynamic translations and paraphrases
[edit]A significant aspect in translations from the latter half of the 20th century was much greater use of the principles ofdynamic equivalence.
| Abbreviation | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| TLB | The Living Bible | 1971 |
| GNT/GNB/TEV | Good News Translation/Good News Bible/Today's English Version | 1976, 1992 |
| TCW | The Clear Word(paraphrase, non-official Seventh-day Adventist) | 1994 |
| CEV | Contemporary English Version | 1995 |
| GW | God's Word | 1995 |
| NLT | New Living Translation | 1996, 2004, 2015 |
| MSG | The Message | 2002 |
| RNT | Restored New Testament | 2009 |
| INT | Interpreted New Testament | 2020 |
Internet-based translations
[edit]TheNew English Translation(or NET Bible) is a project to publish a translation of the Bible using the Internet. It is freely available and accompanied by extensive translator's notes. TheOpen English Bibleaims to create the first modern public domain English translation of the Bible, using an open-source process for corrections and modernizing verses.
| Abbreviation | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| NET | New English Translation | 2005 |
| OEB | Open English Bible | In progress.[32] |
| LEB | Lexham English Bible[33] | 2011 |
| WEB | World English Bible | 2020 |
| BSB | Berean Standard Bible | 2022 |
| MSB | Majority Standard Bible | 2022 |
| FBV | Free Bible Version | 2023 |
Messianic translations
[edit]Some Bible translations find popular use in, or were prepared especially for, theMessianic Judaismmovement.
| Abbreviation | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| AENT | Roth, Andrew,Aramaic English New Testament | 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 |
| TS | The Scriptures | 1993, 1998, 2009 |
| HRV | Hebraic Roots Version | 2004 |
| CJB | Stern, David H,Complete Jewish Bible | 1998, 2017 |
| CNT | Cassirer, Heinz,God's New Covenant: A New Testament Translation AKA Cassirer New Testament | 1989 |
| OJB | Goble, Phillip E,Orthodox Jewish Bible | 2002 |
| TLV | Tree of Life Bible | 2014 |
| MCT | MCTBrit ChadashahInterlinear,[34]in English and Hebrew. | 2019 |
New English Bible and derivatives
[edit]The initiative to create the New English Bible began in 1946, in an attempt to make an entirely new translation of the Bible in contemporary English.
| Abbreviation | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| NEB | New English Bible | 1970 |
| REB | Revised English Bible | 1989 |
Public domain translations
[edit]| Abbreviation | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| OEB | Open English Bible | In progress |
| WEB | World English Bible | 2020 |
| BSB | Berean Standard Bible | 2022 |
| MSB | Majority Standard Bible | 2022 |
Catholic translations
[edit]| Abbreviation | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| WVSS | Westminster Version of the Sacred Scriptures | 1913–1935[b] |
| SPC | Spencer New Testament | 1941 |
| CCD | Confraternity Bible | 1941[c] |
| Knox | Knox Bible | 1950 |
| KLNT | Kleist-LillyNew Testament | 1956[d] |
| JB | Jerusalem Bible | 1966 |
| RSV-CE | Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition | 1965–66[e] |
| NAB | New American Bible | 1970 |
| TLB-CE | The Catholic Living Bible | 1971 |
| GNT–CE | Good News Bible Catholic Edition[f] | 1979 |
| NJB | New Jerusalem Bible | 1985 |
| CCB | Christian Community Bible | 1988 |
| NRSV-CE | New Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition | 1989 |
| GNT-CE | Good News Bible, Second Catholic Edition | 1992 |
| RSV-2CE | Revised Standard Version, Second Catholic Edition | 2006 |
| CTS | CTS New Catholic Bible | 2007 |
| NCB | New Community Bible | 2008 |
| NABRE | New American Bible Revised Edition | 2011/1986 |
| NLT-CE | New Living Translation Catholic Edition | 2016 |
| ESV-CE | English Standard Version Catholic Edition | 2018 |
| RNJB | Revised New Jerusalem Bible | 2018-2019 |
| NCB | New Catholic Bible - St. Joseph Edition | 2019[35] |
In addition to the above Catholic English Bibles, all of which have animprimaturgranted by a Catholicbishop,the authors of the Catholic Public Domain Version[36]of 2009 and the 2013 translation from the Septuagint by Jesuit priest Nicholas King refer to them as Catholic Bibles. These versions have not been granted an imprimatur, but do include the Catholic biblical canon of 73 books.
Sacred Name translations
[edit]TheseSacred Name Bibleswere all done with the specific aim of carrying into English the actual Name of God as they were in the originals. Most have been done by people from theSacred Name Movement.They are distinguished by their policy of transliterating Hebrew-based forms for sacred names, such as "Yahweh", "YHWH", etc.
| Abbreviation | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| SNB | Restoration of Original Sacred Name Bible | 1976 |
| HNB | Holy Name Bible | 1963 |
| SSBE | Sacred Scriptures Bethel Edition | 1981 |
| SN-KJ | Sacred Name King James Bible | 2005 |
| SSFOY | Sacred Scriptures, Family of Yah Edition | 2000 |
| TWOY | The Word of Yahweh | 2003 |
| TS | The Scriptures (ISR) | 1993, 1998, 2009 |
| HRV | Hebraic-Roots Version | 2004 |
| TBE | Transparent English Bible | In progress |
| NOG | Names of God Bible (Available in 2 editions, GW or KJV)[citation needed] | 2011, 2014 |
| MCT | Mickelson Clarified Translation[37] | 2008, 2013, 2015, 2019 |
| LSV | Literal Standard Version[38] | 2020 |
| HHBT | Hebrew Heritage Bible Translation[39] | 2012 |
| Book of Yahweh |
Masoretic Text / Jewish translations
[edit]Jewish translations follow theMasoretic Text,and are usually published in bilingual editions with the Hebrew text facing the English translation. The translations often reflect traditional Jewish exegesis of the Bible. As translations of the Masoretic Text, Jewish translations contain neither theapocryphanor the ChristianNew Testament.
| Abbreviation | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| JPS | Jewish Publication Society of America Version[40] | 1917 |
| Judaica Press[41] | 1963 | |
| Koren Jerusalem Bible[42]based on a translation byHarold Fisch | 1962 | |
| Kaplan, Aryeh,The Living Torah[43] Elman, Yaakov,The Living Nach |
1981 1996 | |
| NJPS | New Jewish Publication Society of America Version | 1985 |
| Artscroll | Stone Edition (Artscroll) | 1996 |
| The Holy Scriptures, Hebrew Publishing Company, revised byAlexander Harkavy | 1936,1951 | |
| MCT | Mickelson Clarified Interlinear of the Old Testament,[44]in the Literary Reading Order; LivingSon Press[45] | 2015, 2019 |
Septuagint translations
[edit]| Abbreviation | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Charles Thomson's The Holy Bible, Containing The Old And New Covenant, Commonly Called The Old And New Testament: Translated From The Greek | 1808 | |
| Brenton's English Translation of the Septuagint | 1851 | |
| ABP | Apostolic Bible Polyglot | 2003 |
| AB | The Apostles' Bible[46] | 2007 |
| OSB | Orthodox Study Bible | 2007 |
| NETS | New English Translation of the Septuagint | 2007 |
| DSPS | The Psalms of David: Translated from the Septuagint Greek[47] | 2010 |
| LES | Lexham English Septuagint | 2013 |
| OCT | MCT Octuagint[48][49] | 2019 |
| EOB | Eastern / Greek Orthodox Bible | In progress |
Simplified English Bibles
[edit]There have been a number of attempts to produce a Bible that greatly simplifies the English. (Some of these versions are also listed in other categories: for example, the NIrV is also found under the NIV section). These are translations that are not necessarily a very dynamic translation, but go beyond simply everyday English into a restricted vocabulary set, often aimed at non-native speakers of English.
| Abbreviation | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| BBE | Bible in Basic English | 1949 |
| BWE | Bible in Worldwide English [New Testament only] (Annie Cressman)[50] | 1969 |
| NLV | New Life Version(Gleason Ledyard) | 1986 |
| SEB | Simple English Bible(Dr Stanley Morris) | 1980 |
| ERV | Easy-to-Read Version(previously English Version for the Deaf) | 1989 |
| NCV | New Century Version | 1991 |
| NIrV | New International Reader's Version | 1998 |
| MSG | The Message(Eugene H. Peterson) | 2002 |
| EASY | EasyEnglish Bible (MissionAssist) | 2018 |
Translations exclusively published by Jehovah's Witnesses
[edit]| Abbreviation | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Diaglott | The Emphatic Diaglott (Benjamin Wilson) | 1864, 1926 |
| NWT | New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures | 1950, 1951 (NT only), 1961, 1963, 1981, 1984, 2013 |
| By | The Bible in Living English (Steven T. Byington) | 1972 |
Translations exclusively published by the Latter Day Saints movement
[edit]| Abbreviation | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| JST | Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible | 1830 |
Adaptive retellings
[edit]Some versions have been labelled "adaptive retelling"[51]as they take many liberties with the form of the text.
| Abbreviation | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Black Bible Chronicles | 1993, 1994 | |
| CPG | Cotton Patch Gospel[52]byClarence Jordan | 1968–1973 (4 vols) |
| The Aussie Bible; also More Aussie Bible[53]byKel Richards | 2003 |
Other translations
[edit]Partial translations
[edit]New Testament
[edit]| Abbreviation | Name | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diaglott | Emphatic Diaglottby Benjamin Wilson | 1864 | |
| Jefferson Bible,or The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth, byThomas Jefferson | 1895 | ||
| The Epistles of Paul in Modern English (includes Hebrews), byGeorge Barker Stevens | 1898 | ||
| The Twentieth Century New Testament | 1902 | ||
| Weymouth New Testament(New Testament in Modern Speech) | 1903 | ||
| Centenary New Testament (byHelen Barrett Montgomery) | 1924 | ||
| The Four Gospels, byE. V. Rieu,Penguin | 1952 | ||
| The Authentic New Testament, byHugh J. Schonfield | 1955 | ||
| Phi / PME | Phillips New Testament in Modern EnglishandFour Prophets(byJ. B. Phillips) | 1958 | |
| The Simplified New Testament, byOlaf M. Norlie | 1961 | ||
| WET | Wuest Expanded Translation(byKenneth Wuest) | 1961 | |
| The New Testament: a New Translation, byWilliam Barclay | 1968 | ||
| TransLine, by Michael Magill | 2002 | ||
| The Four Gospels, by Norman Marrow,ISBN0-9505565-0-5 | 1977 | ||
| The Original New Testament, byHugh J. Schonfield,ISBN0-947752-20-X | 1985 | ||
| int-E | The Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scripturesby TheWatchtower Bible and Tract Society | 1969,1985 | |
| McCord's New Testament Translation of the Everlasting Gospel byHugo McCord | 1988 | ||
| A Fresh Parenthetical Version of the New Testament[55]by B. E. JunkinsISBN0-7618-2397-2 | 2002 | ||
| God's New Covenant: A New Testament TranslationbyHeinz Cassirer,ISBN0-8028-3673-9 | 1989 | ||
| Gaus | TheUnvarnished New Testament[56]by Andy Gaus | 1991 | |
| Christian Bible | The Christian Bible: Its New Contract Writings Portion (Christian Bible Society, Mammoth Spring, AR) | 1991 | |
| The New Testament, byRichmond Lattimore,ISBN0-460-87953-7 | 1996 | ||
| TCE | The Common Edition New Testament[57] | 1999 | |
| COM | The Comprehensive New Testament[58] | 2008 | |
| ALT | Analytical-Literal Translation | 1999? | |
| A New Accurate Translation of the Greek New Testament, by Julian G. AndersonISBN0-9602128-4-1 | 1984 | ||
| The VoiceISBN1-4185-3439-0 | 2008 | ||
| MLV | Modern Literal Version | 2012 | |
| JNT | Jewish New Testament by David H. Stern | 1989 | |
| The Source New Testament With Extensive Notes on Greek Word Meaning, by Dr A. NylandISBN0-9804430-0-8 | 2004 | ||
| The Last Days New Testament, Ray W. Johnson | 1999 | ||
| NTE | The Kingdom New Testament: A Contemporary Translation (U.K. title: The New Testament for Everyone),N T Wright[59][60] | 2011 | |
| The Wilton Translation of the New Testament, Clyde C. Wilton | 1999, 2010 | ||
| The Original Aramaic Bible in Plain English with Psalms & Proverbs, David Bauscher | 2010 | ||
| MEV | The New Testament, Modern Evangelical Version, by Robert Thomas HelmISBN1479774197 | 2013, 2016 | |
| The New Testament: a Translation, byDavid Bentley HartISBN0300186096 | 2017 | ||
| The New Testament: A Lawyer's Translation, by Malcolm Bishop KC (Troubador Publishing Ltd) | 2024 |
HebrewBible
[edit]| Name | Date | |
|---|---|---|
| The Wisdom Books in Modern Speech(Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Lamentations, and Song of Songs),John Edgar McFadyen | 1917 | |
| Four Prophets(Amos, Hosea, Micah, Isaiah),J.B. Phillips | 1963 | |
| Job Speaks(Job),David Rosenberg | 1977 | |
| The Book of J(Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, Deuteronomy),Harold BloomandDavid Rosenberg | 1990 | |
| A Poet's Bible(Psalms, Song of Solomon, Lamentations, Maccabees, Job, Ecclesiastes, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Zechariah, Jonah, Ruth, Esther, Judith, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah),David Rosenberg | 1991 | |
| The Book of Job,Stephen Mitchell | 1992 | |
| The Five Books of Moses,Everett Fox | 1995 | |
| The Lost Book of Paradise: Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden(Genesis and related apocrypha),David Rosenberg | 1995 | |
| Genesis,Stephen Mitchell | 1996 | |
| The Book of David(2 Samuel),David Rosenberg | 1998 | |
| Give us a King!(1, 2 Samuel),Everett Fox | 1999 | |
| The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible,[61]Martin Abegg,Peter Flint,Eugene Ulrich | 1999 | |
| The David Story(1, 2 Samuel),Robert Alter | 2000 | |
| The Five Books of Moses,Robert Alter | 2004 | |
| The Bible with Sources Revealed,Richard Elliott Friedman | 2005 | |
| The Book of Psalms,Robert Alter | 2007 | |
| The Wisdom Books,Robert Alter | 2010 | |
| Ancient Israel(Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings),Robert Alter | 2013 | |
| The Psalms Translated and Explained,Joseph Addison Alexander | 1850 | |
| The Torah and Former Prophets,William Whitt | 2018-2024 (in progress) |
Popularity of translations
[edit]| Rank | Name | Abbreviation | Published[g] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | New International Version | NIV | 1978 |
| 2 | King James Version[h] | KJV | 1611 |
| 3 | English Standard Version | ESV | 2001 |
| 4 | New Living Translation | NLT | 1996 |
| 5 | Christian Standard Bible | CSB | 2017 |
| 6 | New King James Version | NKJV | 1982 |
| 7 | Reina-Valera[i] | RVR | 1602 |
| 8 | New International Reader's Version | NIrV | 1996 |
| 9 | New American Standard Bible | NASB | 1971 |
| 10 | New Revised Standard Version | NRSV | 1989 |
See also
[edit]- Bible translations(for a general overview of translation into many languages)
- Bible errata
- List of English Bible translations
- Jewish English Bible translations
- Bible version debate
- List of Bible verses not included in modern translations
- List of major textual variants in the New Testament
- Bible translations into Scots
Notes
[edit]- ^Academic works published byCrosswaytypically feature the ESV translation as their primary (or sole) Bible text used for quotation.[6][7][8]Various other evangelical publishers (such asLexham Press,Ligonier Ministries,and Cruciform Press) frequently release Christian books that use the ESV text.[9][10][11]
- ^Released in parts between 1913–1935 with copious study and textual notes. The New Testament with condensed notes was released in 1936 as one volume.
- ^NT released in 1941. The OT contained material from the Challoner Revision until the entire OT was completed in 1969. This Old Testament went on to be the base for the 1970NAB
- ^New Testament only; Gospels by James Kleist, rest by Joseph Lilly.
- ^Second Catholic Edition released 2006.
- ^Formerly known as the Today's English Version
- ^That is, the first year of a full translation (irrespective of containing the Apocrypha) having been published.
- ^The King James Version was originally published prior to the late modern period.
- ^The Reina-Valera is a Spanish translation.
References
[edit]- ^"Scholarly Editions".academic-bible.Archivedfrom the original on February 10, 2023.RetrievedFebruary 10,2023.
- ^"Current Projects".academic-bible.Archivedfrom the original on February 10, 2023.RetrievedFebruary 10,2023.
- ^"Endorsements".NRSV: The New Revised Standard Version of the Bible.Archived fromthe originalon June 9, 2017.RetrievedFebruary 10,2023.
- ^"Endorsements".ESV.org.Archivedfrom the original on December 29, 2023.RetrievedDecember 29,2023.
- ^Berding, Kenneth (November 18, 2019)."What Do Christians Mean When They Use the Word" Conservative "?".Biola University.Archivedfrom the original on April 16, 2022.RetrievedApril 16,2022.
Theological conservative.During the past one hundred or so years since the fundamentalist-modernist controversy, the word 'conservative' has regularly been applied to Christians who believe that the Bible is true in all that it affirms, including such historical realities as the virgin birth of Christ and the literal resurrection of Jesus from the dead. This label contrasts with 'theological liberal,' which describes someone who challenges the truthfulness of the Bible, including many of the historical claims made in it.
- ^Covenant Theology: Biblical, Theological, and Historical Perspectives.Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2020.ISBN978-1-4335-6003-3.Archivedfrom the original on March 21, 2023.RetrievedApril 16,2022.
- ^Trueman, Carl R. (2010).Histories and Fallacies: Problems Faced in the Writing of History.Wheaton, IL: Crossway.ISBN978-1-58134-923-8.Archivedfrom the original on March 21, 2023.RetrievedApril 16,2022.
- ^Theistic Evolution: A Scientific, Philosophical, and Theological Critique.Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2022.ISBN978-1-4335-8513-5.Archivedfrom the original on March 21, 2023.RetrievedSeptember 21,2022.
- ^Ward, Mark (2018).Authorized: The Use and Misuse of the King James Bible.Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press.ISBN978-1-68359-055-2.Archivedfrom the original on March 21, 2023.RetrievedApril 16,2022.
- ^Sproul, R. C. (2014).Everyone's a Theologian: An Introduction to Systematic Theology.Sanford, FL: Reformation Trust Publishing.ISBN978-1-56769-365-2.Archivedfrom the original on March 21, 2023.RetrievedApril 16,2022.
- ^Challies, Tim (2010).Sexual Detox: A Guide for Guys Who are Sick of Porn.Minneapolis, MN: Cruciform Press.ISBN978-1-453807-28-6.Archivedfrom the original on March 21, 2023.RetrievedApril 16,2022.
- ^G. W. Bromiley, D. M. Beegle, and W. M. Smith, “English Versions,” ed. Geoffrey W. Bromiley, The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised (Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979–1988), 83.
- ^Wakefield, Gilbert (1820).A Translation of the New Testament
- ^p. 5. Naudé, Jacobus A., and Cynthia L. Miller-Naudé. "Alternative revisions of the American Standard Version (1901) and retranslations within the Tyndale–King James Version tradition."HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies78, no. 1 (2022).
- ^American King James Version
- ^"Home".King James Version 2000.RetrievedApril 12,2023.
- ^Updated King James Version
- ^p. 5. Naudé, Jacobus A., and Cynthia L. Miller-Naudé. "Alternative revisions of the American Standard Version (1901) and retranslations within the Tyndale–King James Version tradition." HTSTeologiese Studies/Theological Studies78, no. 1 (2022).
- ^King James Bibles
- ^The Holy Scriptures.Rabon Vincent Jr., translator. Victoria: Trafford, 2001.ISBN1-55369-199-7
- ^"The Evidence Bible".Archived fromthe originalon 2007-10-11.Retrieved2007-10-01.
- ^New Cambridge Paragraph Bible
- ^http:// avupdate.org/Archived2011-05-25 at theWayback Machine(Broken link)
- ^"King James Version - Corrected Edition".Archived fromthe originalon 2013-10-20.Retrieved2013-11-16.
- ^"Read The Divine Name King James Bible Online".Dnkjb.net.Retrieved2021-11-25.
- ^"JKMickelson International:: About".
- ^MCT Bible,a precise and unabridged translation (a derivative of Webster's Revision of the KJV), with contextual dictionaries and concordances.
- ^modernenglishversion /
- ^Covert, John (19 September 2020)."Walsingham Publishing - King James Bible for Catholics".Walsingham Publishing.Retrieved12 October2021.
- ^"Home".Simplified KJV.RetrievedApril 12,2023.
- ^"About the New International Version".Electronic version available; print version available March 2011.15 July 2016.
- ^OEB
- ^"The Lexham English Bible is a new translation of the Bible into English".lexhamenglishbible.Retrieved2018-08-11.
- ^LivingSon Press,MCT Brit Chadashah Interlinear,in print
- ^"Catholic Book Publishing - Catholic Book Publishing".
- ^Catholic Public Domain Version
- ^MCT Bible,a precise and unabridged translation (precisely and contextually denoting the Sacred Name as "Yahweh" in both the Old and New Testaments), with contextual dictionaries and concordances.
- ^Literal Standard Version
- ^"Hebrew Heritage Translation".
- ^The Hebrew Bible in English,Mechon Mamre
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