Jump to content

Mohamed Al-Fayed

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"al-Fayed" redirects here. For other uses, seeFayed.

Mohamed Al-Fayed
محمد الفايد
Al-Fayed in 2011
Born(1929-01-27)27 January 1929
Alexandria,Egypt
Died30 August 2023(2023-08-30)(aged 94)
London, England
Burial placeBarrow Green Court
OccupationBusinessman
Spouses
  • ​
    ​
    (m.1954;div.1956)​
  • ​
    (m.1985)​
Children5, includingDodiandOmar

Mohamed Abdel Moneim Al-Fayed[a](/ælˈfaɪ.ɛd/;27 January 1929 – 30 August 2023) was an Egyptian billionaire businessman, whose residence and primary business interests were in the United Kingdom from the mid-1960s. His business interests included ownership of theHôtel Ritz Paris,Harrods department storeandFulham Football Club.At the time of his death in 2023,Forbesestimated his wealth at US$2 billion.[1]

Fayed was married toSamira Khashoggifrom 1954 to 1956. They had a son,Dodi,who was in a romantic relationship withDiana, Princess of Wales,when they bothdied in a car crash in Parisin 1997.

From 1995 onwards, Fayed was the subject of media scrutiny and investigations into allegations ofsexual harassmentandassault.In 2024 he became the subject of multiple posthumous accusations ofrape,with over 200 women making complaints of illegal activity by September of that year.

Early and family life

[edit]

Fayed was born on 27 January 1929 in theRoshdyneighbourhood ofAlexandria,in theKingdom of Egypt,[2]the eldest son of an Egyptian primary school teacher fromAsyut.His year of birth has been disputed.[3]TheDepartment of Tradein 1988 found his date of birth was 27 January 1929.[3][4][5]His brothers Ali and Salah were his business colleagues.[6]

Fayed was married from 1954 to 1956 toSamira Khashoggi.He worked with his brother-in-law, Saudi Arabian arms dealer and businessmanAdnan Khashoggi.[7] In 1985, Fayed married the Finnish socialite and former modelHeini Wathén,with whom he had four children: daughters Jasmine[8](born 1980) and Camilla[9](born 1985), and sons Karim[10](born 1983) andOmar[11](born 1987).

Sometime in the early 1970s, he began using the prefixal-(Arabic:ال) in his name, rendering his name in English as "al-Fayed" rather than simply "Fayed".[7]In Arabic names, the wordal-,in conjunction with the name of an ancestor, meansfamily oforHouse of.[12]This aristocratic prefix[7]led toPrivate Eyemagazine nicknaming him the "Phoney Pharaoh".[13]His brothers Ali and Salah followed suit at the time of their acquisition of theHouse of Fraserin the 1980s, though by the late 1980s, both had backtracked on the practice.[14]

Max Hastings,the former editor of theDaily Telegraph,wrote that Al-Fayed had "harried"Conrad Black,the former owner of theDaily Telegraph,"in pursuit of his demand to be referred to in our newspaper as" Al Fayed ". I sent the chairman a note, explaining that this was a long-running saga:" The Fayeds have been seeking for years to call themselves Al Fayed, just as a socially ambitious Frenchman might seek to style himself de Fayed, or a German von Fayed... At one level, it is harmless if the Fayeds wish to call themselves kings of Sheba, but I always feel determined to demonstrate that we will not be threatened. "[15]

Nationality

[edit]

Al-Fayed was born an Egyptian citizen, enteredHaition a Kuwaiti passport, and left Haiti with a Haitiandiplomatic passportwith which he entered the United Kingdom in 1964. In 1970 Al-Fayed informedMahdi Al Tajirthat his and his brothers Haitian diplomatic passports had expired, and their Egyptian passports made it difficult for them to obtain visas in many countries.[16]Tajir secured Emirati passports for Al-Fayed, but not Emirati nationality.[16]On the passport documents Al-Fayed had his date of birth changed from 1929 to 1933, making himself four years younger.[16]His two brothers reduced their ages by ten years on their new passports.[16]

The rulers of Dubai, theAl Maktoumfamily, had refused to renew the Fayeds' passports in 1993, and so they reverted to travelling on their original Egyptian passports. Mohamed and Ali Al-Fayed applied forBritish citizenshipin early 1993. Ali's application was supported byGordon ReeceandPeter Hordern,and Mohamed's byLord BramallandJeffrey Archer.[17]The Al-Fayed brothers' application for British citizenship was rejected in December 1993, on the basis that the DTI report disqualified them from citizenship.[18]Michael Howard,theConservativehome secretary,asked for the decision to be reviewed, fearing renewed embarrassment over his connections with alleged fraudster Harry Landy, which surfaced during the DTI investigation.[18]The application was rejected again in February 1995,[19]and in 1996the High courtdeclared that the home secretary could not deny, without explanation, the Al-Fayeds' citizenship requests.[20]TheHome Officelater abandoned its appeal to theHouse of Lordsagainst the High Court's decision.[21]

In 1997,Jack Straw,the home secretary in the newLabourgovernment, reconsidered the Al-Fayeds' citizenship request,[22]but rejected Mohamed Al-Fayed's request in May 1999.[23]Ali Al-Fayed had had his request for citizenship granted in March 1999.[24]

The rejection was attributed to Al-Fayed's admitting that he bribed politicians and his breaking in to safety deposit boxes in Harrods.[25]Al-Fayed described the decision as "perverse" and said he was a victim of the British establishment and "zombie" politicians.[25]

Egypt and Haiti

[edit]
Wax sculpture of Al-Fayed,Madame Tussauds,London, July 2009

At the age of nineteen Al-Fayed was selling bottles ofCoca-Colaon the streets of Alexandria, and soldSinger sewing machinesat the age of twenty-one.[26]In 1952 Al-Fayed was hired by a friend, Tousson El Barrawi, and the seventeen-year-oldAdnan Khashoggifor their furniture import business.[27]Al-Fayed excelled at the business and impressed Adhan's father, Mohamed Kashoggi, the personal physician of theKing of Saudi Arabia.In the early 1950s Al-Fayed travelled to Europe for the first time, visiting France, Italy and Switzerland.[28]Returning to Egypt, Al-Fayed confessed to his wife,Samira Kashoggi,Adnan Kashoggi's sister, that he had had an affair, and she demanded a divorce.[29]Al-Fayed terminated his partnership with Adhan Kashoggi, and secretly withdrew £100,000 from Kashoggi's Al Nasr trading company. Kashoggi issued a writ against Al-Fayed for the return of the money, and later agreed with Al-Fayed to forgive the money and other loans and debts in return for Samira's freedom to remarry and return to Egypt.[30]Following EgyptianPresident Nassar's threats to expropropriate foreign businesses, Al-Fayed was able to take control of a small shipping company, owned by Leon Carasso, who wished to emigrate.[31]Carasso later claimed that Al-Fayed had defaulted on the agreed payment for his business.[32]Fayed also acquired interests in other transport companies at favourable prices. After Nasser ordered the confiscation of Egyptian property in 1961, Al-Fayed transferred ownership of his Middle Eastern Navigation Company to Genoa in Italy.[33][34]

On June 12, 1964, Al-Fayed arrived inHaiti,then under the control ofFrançois "Papa Doc" Duvalier.Al-Fayed entered the country on a Kuwaiti passport, and introduced himself asSheikhMohamed Fayed.[35][36]Shortly after his arrival, Duvalier cancelled a ten year contract with an American company that gave them monopoly control over Haiti's oil industry, and signed a similar contract with Al-Fayed, for fifty years.[35]Al-Fayed also associated with the geologistGeorge de Mohrenschildt.He terminated his stay in Haiti six months later when a sample of "crude oil" provided by Haitian associates proved to be low-grademolasses.[37]Al-Fayed promised to use his connections in Dubai to help bring investment to the Caribbean island, if they allowed him to build an oil refinery, and develop the wharf atPort-au-Prince.[36]Al-Fayed had exclusive control over the collection of fees for unloading and docking at Haiti's main port, and this caused resentment in the shipping industry. Al-Fayed was 'tapped' for $30,000 by Duvalier, and rather than pay, and fearful of the growing anger of the shipping agents, Al-Fayed left Haiti in December 1964. Fayed later claimed that the Haitian government owed him $2 million; the 1988DTIreport into Al-Fayed's background stated "we have no doubt at all that Mohamed Fayed perpetrated a substantial deceit on the government and people of Haiti in 1964... he deprived the harbour authority of over US $100,000 of money it could ill-afford to lose"[35]

United Kingdom

[edit]

Fayed then moved to England, where he lived in central London.[34]

Dubai

[edit]

Ingratiating himself in London's Arab expatriate community, Al-Fayed met an Iraqi businessman, Salim Abu Alwan, and through Alwan was introduced toMahdi Al Tajir.[38]Tajir was then an adviser to SheikhRashid bin Saeed Al Maktoumof the United Arab Emirates. Rashid was the Emir ofDubai,and oil was soon to be discovered in Dubai, which would transform the wealth of the emirate.

Tajir informed Al-Fayed that Dubai was penniless and needed to borrow £1 million to build modern harbour facilities.[39]Al-Fayed secured a loan of £9 million from Imre Rochlitz, an American lawyer. Rochlitz's Jewish ancestry caused embarrassment to Tajir, and later caused Rochlitz to reject Al-Fayed's offer of a formal partnership.[40]Al-Fayed earned £1.5 million commission from the contract for British engineering companyCostainto carry out the work to the port. Al-Fayed also assisted in securing finance for theDubai World Trade Centre,with the bankerDavid Douglas-HomeofMorgan Grenfellmanaging the contract.[41]By the mid-1970s Costain had gained over £280 million of contracts thanks to Al-Fayed and Tajir, and Al-Fayed bought 20.84% of Costain's shares. He was later appointed a company director.[42]

With his earnings from commissions on various projects in Dubai, Al-Fayed bought a Rolls-Royce, a large chalet inGstaad,and the remaining apartments of 60Park LaneinMayfair,where he had been living for the past few years.[43]

In 1974 Al-Fayed metRoland 'Tiny' Rowland,a British businessman with extensive interests in Southern Africa, and the chairman of international conglomerateLonrho.Fayed's complex professional relationship with Rowland dominated his life for the next twenty years, with legal repercussions continuing into the late 1990s.

Rowland persuaded Al-Fayed to exchange his shares in Costain for 5.5 million shares in Lonrho in March 1975, and Al-Fayed used the profit from the deal to buy another 3 million shares in Lonrho and become a director of the company.[44]Al-Fayed soon became alarmed at Rowland's use of Lonrho's money to fund his lifestyle and to pay large bribes in Africa, as well as his syphoning of company profits into a secret bank account in Switzerland.[45]

The BritishDepartment of Trade and Industrybegan to investigate Lonrho in early 1976, and an alarmed Al-Fayed quit the company in May 1976. He sold his Lonrho shares to Kuwaiti investors and bought back his Costain shares for £11 million.[46]Tajir's influence in Dubai was waning by 1977, and Al-Fayed was excluded from the commission process for a new aluminium smelter, and the development ofJebel Ali,putting Costain's future profits at risk.[47]

In 1993 Al-Fayed was visited at Harrods byMohammed Alabbar,the director of Dubai's Department of Economic Development.[48]Alabbar had been appointed by Sheikh Maktoum to eradicate the system of large commission payments from previous decades. Tajir was challenged in the British courts to repay his alleged excessive profits earned from the construction of Dubai's aluminium smelter, and Al-Fayed was targeted over his management contract of the Dubai World Trade Centre. Al-Fayed's contract to manage the centre was later terminated by the Maktoums, and Al-Fayed sued them for compensation estimated between £30 to 90 million.[49]The case came to court in October 1994, and after trying to unsuccessfully settle the case with the Maktoums, Al-Fayed was due to testify on 17 October. Al-Fayed's lawyer informed the court that morning that he had been taken seriously ill with neck and back complications, and could not fly to Dubai as a result.[50]

Alabbar had secretly taped Al-Fayed on his way to Harrods that morning, and the tapes were shown to the court the next day. Al-Fayed's lack of ill health was evident, and Al-Fayed was informed by his lawyer of the disastrous effect that his deception had on the case that day.[51]

In the mid-1960s, he met the ruler of Dubai,Sheikh Rashid Bin Saeed Al Maktoum,who entrusted him with helping transform Dubai, where he set up IMS (International Marine Services) in 1968.[52]Fayed introduced British companies like the Costain Group (of which he became a director and 30%shareholder[7]),Bernard Sunley & Sons,andTaylor Woodrowto the emirate to carry out construction work.[53][34]

Relationship with the Sultan of Brunei

[edit]

Al-Fayed became a financial adviser to the thenSultan of BruneiOmar Ali Saifuddien IIIin 1966.[7]Al-Fayed toldMaureen Orththat he had knownHassanal Bolkiah,who succeeded Saifuddien on his abdication, since the sultan's childhood and that they had met during the building of a trade centre in Brunei.[36]Tiny Rowland told DTI inspectors that Al-Fayed had told him that he negotiated an introduction to the sultan for $500,000 plus a percentage of any resulting business with an Indian holy man and alleged fraudster,Shri Chandra Swamiji Maharaj.[36]Rowland later admitted this account was untrue.[54]

In mid-1984 Al-Fayed received several powers of attorney and written authorisations from the sultan to carry out tasks for him. These gave Al-Fayed access to large sums of the sultan's money. The sultan was then the richest man in the world.[36]During this period, the bank of the three Fayed brothers, theRoyal Bank of Scotland,received a transfer of hundreds of millions of dollars from Switzerland into their accounts.[36]RBS assumed that the money belonged to the sultan, but Al-Fayed told the bank that his portfolio was separate from the sultan's. The DTI report noted that "It may be no more than coincidence that this vast increase in disposable wealth followed quickly on the admission of Mohamed to the sultan's confidence... It is, however, a very powerful coincidence."[36]

Using a power of attorney, Al-Fayed bought theDorchester Hotelfor the sultan in 1985.[36]Al-Fayed accompanied the sultan to10 Downing Streetto visit Prime MinisterMargaret Thatcherin January 1985, withsterlingin decline and threatening the economy.[36]The sultan, who had moved £5 billion ($5.6 billion) of assets out of pounds, moved the assets back into sterling. Al-Fayed took credit for this and for persuading the sultan to give half a billion pounds of contracts to British defence industries.[36]

Rowland and later business career

[edit]

Fayed briefly joined the board of the mining conglomerateLonrhoin 1975 but left after a disagreement.[55]In 1979 he boughtthe Ritzhotel in Paris, France, for US$30 million.[56]In 1984 Fayed and his brothers purchased a 30% stake inHouse of Fraser,a group that included the London storeHarrods,from Rowland. In 1985, he and his brothers bought the remaining 70% of House of Fraser for £615m. Rowland claimed that the Fayed brothers lied about their background and wealth, and he put pressure on the government to investigate them. ADepartment of Trade and Industry(DTI) inquiry into the Fayeds was launched. The DTI's subsequent report was critical, but no action was taken against the Fayeds, and while many believed the contents of the report, others felt it was politically motivated.[57]Rowland described his relationship with the Fayed family in his bookA Hero from Zero.[58]

Al-Fayed withTony Curtis,4 January 1989

In 1998 Rowland, who died that year, accused Fayed of stealing papers and jewels from his Harrodssafe deposit box.Fayed was arrested, along with the director of Harrods security, John Macnamara, and four other employees, but the charges were dropped.[59]Sensitive documents were stolen, along with jewellery, rare stamps and a gold cigarette case, among other items.[60]Fayed settled the dispute with a payment to Rowland's widow; he also sued theMetropolitan Policefor false arrest in 2002, but lost the case.[61]In 1994 House of Fraser went public, but Fayed retained ownership of Harrods.[62]He unsuccessfully applied forBritish citizenshiptwice, in 1994 and 1999.[63][64]It has been suggested that his feud with Rowland contributed to the first refusal.[3][25]

In 1996 Al-Fayed bought the rights to the historic British humorous magazinePunch,and it was relaunched later that year, at a cost of £3 million, under new editor Peter McKay.[65][66]Punchhad previously been published from 1841 to 1992. The relaunch was not successful, withPunchfailing to match its satirical competitor,Private Eye.Punchfolded for a second time in 2002.[67]

In January 1997 Al-Fayed established a new political organisation, The People's Trust, to promote a crusade against a "culture of violence". The establishment of The People's Trust followed Al-Fayed's support for anti-abortion candidates and the Christian Democrat, the newspaper of the Movement for Christian Democracy.[68]The People's Trust planned to write to all candidates in the1997 United Kingdom general electionin order to identify a group of MPs who put "their consciences, their constituents and their country at the heart of their politics, rather than their party"[68]The People's Trust was dissolved in September 1998 after failing to file its accounts.[69]

AfterVanity FairpublishedMaureen Orth's article "Holy War at Harrods",[70]Al-Fayed sued the American magazine for libel in September 1995 but withdrew his suit in 1997. Al-Fayed invitedTom Bowerto write his biography in 1996. Bower's biography,Fayed: The Unauthorized Biographywas published in 1998. Al-Fayed announced his intention to sue, but withdrew his suit. Orth and Bower were both attempted victims of entrapment by Al-Fayed, with Al-Fayed's staff offering allegedly stolen documents to the writers.[71]

Cash-for-questions

[edit]

In 1994, in what became known as thecash-for-questions affair,Fayed revealed the names of MPs he had paid to ask questions inParliamenton his behalf, but who had failed to declare their fees. It sawConservativeMPsNeil HamiltonandTim Smithleave the government in disgrace, and aCommittee on Standards in Public Lifeestablished to prevent such corruption occurring again. Fayed also revealed that cabinet ministerJonathan Aitkenstayed for free at the Ritz Hotel in Paris at the same time as a group of Saudi arms dealers, leading to Aitken's unsuccessful libel case and later imprisonment forperjury.[72]During this period, Al-Fayed's spokesman wasMichael Cole,a formerBBCjournalist.[73]

Hamilton lost a libel action against Al-Fayed in December 1999[74]and an appeal against the verdict in December 2000.[75]The former MP has always denied that he was paid by Al-Fayed for asking questions in Parliament. Hamilton's libel action related to aChannel 4Dispatchesdocumentary broadcast on 16 January 1997[76]in which Al-Fayed stated that the MP had received up to £110,000 in cash and other gratuities for asking parliamentary questions.[77]Hamilton's basis for his appeal was that the original verdict was invalid because Al-Fayed had paid £10,000 for documents stolen from the dustbins of Hamilton's legal representatives byBenjamin Pell.[78]

In 2003 Fayed moved fromSurreyto Switzerland, alleging a breach in an agreement withthe British tax authority.In 2005, he moved back to Britain, saying that he "regards Britain as home".[3]He moored a yacht called theSokarinMonacoprior to selling it in 2014.[79]

House of Fraser group and Harrods

[edit]

In 1984, Al-Fayed and his brother Ali, purchased a 30 percent stake for £138 million[36]in theHouse of Fraser,a group that included theKnightsbridgedepartment storeHarrods,from Tiny Rowland, the head of Lonrho. Lonrho had been pursuing control of the House of Fraser since 1977, and had been prevented from acquiring the company by theMonopolies and Mergers Commissionin a 1981 ruling, although its purchase ofThe Observerwas approved.[80]

After his purchase of the House of Fraser shares, Al-Fayed demanded that Rowland leave the board of House of Fraser,[36]and courted the chairman of House of Fraser, Professor Roland Smith, who received a retroactive bonus once Al-Fayed had acquired the company.[36]TheSecretary of State for Trade and Industry,John Biffen,ruled that Lonrho must give an undertaking not to buy any more shares in the House of Fraser, a ruling that left Roland "incandescent".[80]Following the ruling Rowland began to sell shares to Al-Fayed, whom he had met while Al-Fayed was briefly a director of Lonrho. Rowland later said that "I knew that Tootsie (as Rowland called Al-Fayed) could never afford to purchase the whole of House of Fraser."[80]

Al-Fayed bought the remaining 70 percent of the House of Fraser in early 1985 for £615 million, sparking a bitter feud between him and Rowland. The former editor ofThe Observer,Donald Trelford,believes that Rowland was "...certainly motivated in his vendetta against Al-Fayed by outrage at having been conned. But he was also convinced that his shareholders had been cheated."[80]Rowland felt his shareholders had been cheated as he believed Al-Fayed had used a power of attorney that he held for theSultan of Brunei,then the richest man in the world, to fund the purchase.[80]Rowland's bitterness also came from his belief that Al-Fayed had lied to the British government about the sources of his wealth, and that the government had failed to investigate Al-Fayed's credentials and had approved the sale without a reference to the Monopolies and Mergers Commission (while Lonrho had faced three inquiries under the commission), and that the new trade secretary,Norman Tebbit,had prevented Lonrho from bidding while Al-Fayed's deal went through.[80]

Origins of wealth

[edit]

To take control of the House of Fraser group, the Al-Fayed brothers had to convince the British government that they possessed sufficient assets to securely purchase the group. The Al-Fayeds invented a spurious family history of old money for themselves. Represented by the investment bankersKleinwort Bensonand the law firmHerbert Smith,the Al-Fayeds' bankers submitted to the government a one and a half page summary of their assets, which the government accepted.[36]The Al-Fayed brothers claimed they were from a family of wealthy cotton traders. Their wealth was estimated by their bankers, Kleinwort Benson, to be worth "several billion dollars".[81]A press release by Kleinwort Benson stated that the Al-Fayeds were an "old established Egyptian family who for more than 100 years were ship owners, land owners and industrialists in Egypt." The report said that they were raised in Britain and fled Egypt following the rise to power ofGamal Abdel Nasser.[36]

The DTI report came to very different conclusions about the scale of their wealth, stating that;

If people had known, for instance, that they only owned one luxury hotel; that their interests in oil exploration consortia were of no current value; that their banking interests consisted of less than 5 percent of the issued share capital of a bank and were worth less than $10 million; that they had no current interests in construction projects: that far from being 'leading shipowners in the liner trade' they only owned two roll-on roll-off 1600 ton cargo ferries; if all these facts had been known people would have been less disposed to believe that the Al-Fayeds really owned the money they were using to buy HOF (House of Fraser)

1988 DTI report into the background of the Fayed brothers

[36]

In March 1985 the Al-Fayeds announced a formal cash offer for House of Fraser of £615 million, which Kleinwort claimed was untethered by any borrowings. There has not yet been a comprehensive account of Al-Fayeds finances in 1985, but the DTI report claimed that by October 1984 the Al-Fayeds had at least $600 million in the Royal Bank of Scotland and in a Swiss bank at their disposal.[36]"We were not told the source of any of these funds or given a credible story as to how and where they were obtained", said the DTI inspectors.[36]The money the Al-Fayeds claimed as their own was apparently used as collateral in order to guarantee a loan of more than £400 million to buy House of Fraser.[36]

Al-Fayed toldMaureen Orthin an interview that "If you have a company with tremendous assets like Harrods...you have no problem. You don't need to use cash."[36]The first loan, from a Swiss bank, was replaced with another loan secured by House of Fraser shares, the Al-Fayeds had acquired the House of Fraser with none of their own money used to purchase it.[36]The Al-Fayeds ownership of Harrods was complete when the British government issued a press release announcing that it would not refer the Al-Fayeds' bid to theMonopolies and Mergers Commission.[36]

During the final stages of the Al-Fayeds purchase of Harrods,Tiny Rowlandwrote to theSecretary of State for Trade and Industry,Norman Tebbit,repudiating the Al-Fayeds story of the origin of their families wealth.[36]Rowland also enlisted the help ofAshraf Marwan,to aid him in his exposing of the Al-Fayeds.The Observernewspaper, owned by Rowland, was used to attack the Al-Fayeds. Al-Fayed issued a libel suit againstThe Observer,and other newspapers critical of the Al-Fayeds were routinely threatened or issued with similar writs. All critical reporting of the Al-Fayeds outside of theObserverwas virtually stopped.[36]

1988 DTI Report

[edit]

From 1985 until 1987 Rowland led a worldwide investigation into Al-Fayed and his acquisition of Harrods. He employed accountants and solicitors, private detectives and freelance journalists in an operation, said to cost many millions of pounds, that was beyond the scope of any newspaper inquiry.[80]Illicit bugging devices were used and some of the money went in bribes to officials to unearth incriminating documents in Egypt, Haiti, Dubai, Brunei, France and Switzerland, allegedly proving fraudulent dealings by Al-Fayed and showing his humble origins and limited net worth.[80]

The results of Rowland's investigations into the Al-Fayeds were given to the Sunday newspaperThe Observer,owned by Lonrho.The Observercampaigned for an inquiry into the House of Fraser purchase, and an inquiry by inspectors from the Department of Trade and Industry was delivered in July 1988, but the DTI declined to publish it. Rowland obtained a copy in 1989, and the report was published in a special free sixteen page edition ofThe Observeron a Thursday morning. Publishing the report helped put the DTI inspectors' findings into the public arena, helpingThe Observers libel defence, with the aim of pressuring the government into releasing the report.[80]Lawyers from the DTI produced a court injunction and ordered all copies ofThe Observers version of the report to be handed over or pulped. The report was officially published in 1990.[80]

The DTI report said that the Al-Fayed brothers had 'dishonestly represented their origins, their wealth, their business interests and their resources to the Secretary of State, to the Office of Fair Trading, to the House of Fraser board and shareholders, and their own advisers'[81]Rowland and the Lohnro group had previously been strongly criticised by a 1976 DTI report, and had been described by Prime Minister Edward Heath as "an unpleasant and unacceptable face of capitalism".[82]

In 1993 theEuropean Court of Human Rightsdismissed a case brought by Al-Fayed and his brothers against the British Government, which had accused them of misrepresentation in the DTI report. They contended that the report had ruined their reputation and was not subject to appeal.[83]

Ownership of Harrods

[edit]

Harrods had entered a steady decline under Hugh Fraser, yet still accounted for half of the House of Fraser group's profits. Determined to restore Harrods' fortunes, Al-Fayed hired Brian Walsh as manager of House of Fraser.[84]Walsh created divisions in the company, and more than 200 buyers resigned in the next two years. Following arguments with Al-Fayed, Walsh was fired in October 1987. To calm staff, Al-Fayed distributed envelopes containing £2,000 in cash.[85]Following Walsh's departure, Al-Fayed moved his offices onto the fifth floor of Harrods, and took a more hands-on role as chairman of the store.[86]Walsh was replaced by Michael Ellis-Jones, who was fired after eight weeks.[87]

The Harrods Building

Christoph Bettermann became the deputy chairman of Harrods in 1990, after having worked for Al-Fayed in Dubai since 1984.[36]Bettermann was approached to work in theEmirate of Sharjah,in April 1991, and in June, Bettermann toldMaureen Orth,Al-Fayed "showed me a written transcript of a phone conversation between the headhunter and me. He accused me of breaking our trust by talking to these people. I told him, 'If you don't trust me, I resign. I cannot trust you if you bugged my phone.'" Bettermann quit his job at Harrods and went to work for an oil company in Sharjah.[36]

Al-Fayed wrote to the ruler of Sharjah, and accused Bettermann of stealing large sums of money.[36]Bettermann was cleared by three courts in which Fayed had pressed charges.[36]

Al-Fayed delighted in retail theatre, and during his 25 years at Harrods dressed as a Harrods doorman, a boy scout and Father Christmas over the years.[88]Celebrities were also hired to open the annual Harrods sale, and Harrods sponsored the annualRoyal Windsor Horse Showas it done since 1982. In 1997 Harrods' sponsorship of the horse show was terminated after Prime MinisterJohn Majorhad urged the chairman of the show to find a new sponsor to save QueenElizabeth IIfrom association with Al-Fayed.[89]

The artist and designer, William Mitchell, was hired by Al-Fayed to create an 'entertaining retail environment'; this resulted in the creation of an Egyptian Hall on the ground floor of Harrods and, following its success, the Egyptian Escalators, which replaced the store's central lifts.[90]Mitchell also designed memorials for Dodi Fayed and Diana, Princess of Wales at Harrods. Al-Fayed claimed to have invested more than £400 million restoring Harrods, with £20 million being spent on the Egyptian escalator.[91][92]

In 1991 the House of Commons Trade and Industry Committee told theGovernor of the Bank of England,Robin Leigh-Pembertonto order the Fayeds to transfer control of the Harrods Bank to trustees, after they found that the Fayeds were not "fit and proper" to run the bank.[93]Al-Fayed bought his brother, Saleh, out of his interest in Harrods for £100 million in 1994.[94]In 1994, beforeHouse of Fraserplc was relisted on theLondon Stock Exchange,Harrods was moved out of the group so that it could remain under the private ownership of the Al-Fayed and his family.[95]

Employee relations

[edit]

Al-Fayed was concerned by the loyalty of his staff, and employed two young Greek women as spies, to report on their fellow employees.[96]The telephones of the shop workers' trade union,USDAWwere bugged.[96]Employees were signed to three-month contracts, and were often fired without agreed compensation, and forced to go to an industrial tribunal.[97]Al-Fayed also listened to his employees, and secretly recorded conversations about their sex lives.[88]

Al-Fayed would customarily fire employees who offended his idea of aesthetics, being most offended by overweight staff or black people.[98]To avoid hiring black people, Harrods required applicants to submit photographs.[99]The number of black people employed by Harrods was eventually half the number employed by other London stores.[99]

Francesca Bettermann, Harrods former legal counsel, said of Al-Fayed "He likes a pretty face. He wouldn't hire someone who was ugly. He liked them light-skinned, well educated, English, and young...I remember there was something on the application form that said, 'Your colour, race' I said, 'You're not allowed to put that on the form,' and he said, 'Well, make sure they put proper photos in, then.'"[36]In 1994 Harrods settled five racial-discrimination cases brought against the company, and, according to trade union officials, between June and September 1994, 23 of the 28 staff fired were black people, who had held mostly menial jobs.[36]

A florist was rejected for employment by Harrods because she was black. The chairman of the subsequent industrial tribunal condemned Harrods defence as 'malicious and dishonest', stating 'there was an act of blatant racial discrimination...by a very senior personnel officer working in a very large organisation...there was lying and deceit on the part of Harrods personnel to conceal the act of discrimination. There was dishonest testimony by Harrods personnel'.[100]

Royal warrants

[edit]

In August 2010, in a letter to theDaily Telegraph,Al-Fayed revealed that he had burnt Harrodsroyal warrants,after taking them down in 2000. Harrods had held the Royal warrants since 1910. Describing the warrants as a "curse", Al-Fayed claimed that business had tripled since their removal. TheDuke of Edinburghremoved his warrant in January 2000,[101]and the other warrants were removed from Harrods by Al-Fayed in December, pending their five-yearly review. The Duke of Edinburgh had been banned from Harrods by Al-Fayed.[102]Film of the burning of the warrants in 2009 was shown in the final scene ofUnlawful Killing,a film funded by Al-Fayed and directed byKeith Allen.[101]

Sale of Harrods

[edit]

After denials that it was for sale, Harrods was sold toQatar Holdings,thesovereign wealth fundof the emirate ofQatarin May 2010.[103]A spokesman for Al-Fayed said "in reaching the decision to retire, (Al-Fayed) wished to ensure that the legacy and traditions that he has built up in Harrods would be continued." Harrods was sold for £1.5 billion.[104]

Al-Fayed later said that he decided to sell Harrods following the difficulty in getting hisdividendapproved by the trustee of the Harrods pension fund. Fayed said "I'm here every day, I can't take my profit because I have to take a permission of those bloody idiots...I say is this right? Is this logic? Somebody like me? I run a business and I need to take bloody fucking trustee's permission to take my profit".[105]Al-Fayed was appointed honorary chairman of Harrods, for six months.[105]

The Brompton Road frontage ofHarrodsin 2022

Scotland real estate

[edit]

In 1972 Fayed purchased the Balnagown estate inEaster Rossin northern Scotland. From an initial 4.8 hectares (12 acres), Al-Fayed went on to build the estate up to 26,300 hectares (65,000 acres).[106]He invested more than £20 million in the estate, restored the 14th-century pinkBalnagown Castle,and created a tourist accommodation business.[106]The Highlands of Scotland tourist board awarded Al-Fayed the Freedom of theScottish Highlandsin 2002, in recognition of his "efforts to promote the area".[107]

As an Egyptian with links to Scotland, Al-Fayed funded a 2008 reprint of the 15th-century chronicleScotichroniconbyWalter Bower.TheScotichronicondescribes howScota,a daughter of an Egyptian Pharaoh, fled her family and landed in Scotland, bringing with her theStone of Scone.According to the chronicle, Scotland was later named in her honour. The tale is disputed by modern historians.[108]Al-Fayed later declared that "The Scots are originally Egyptians and that's the truth."[109]

In 2009 Al-Fayed revealed that he was a supporter ofScottish independencefrom the United Kingdom, announcing to the Scots that "It's time for you to waken up and detach yourselves from the English and their terrible politicians...whatever help is needed for Scotland to regain its independence, I will provide it...when you Scots regain your freedom, I am ready to be your president."[109]

Charity

[edit]

Fayed set up the Al Fayed Charitable Foundation in 1987 aiming to help children with life-limiting conditions and children living in poverty. The charity works mainly with charities and hospices for disabled and neglected children in the UK, Thailand, and Mongolia.[110]It works with charities including Francis House Hospice in Manchester,Great Ormond Street Hospital,andChildLine.In September 1997, West Heath School inSevenoaks,Kent, United Kingdom, was placed into receivership. West Heath was the former school ofDiana, Princess of Wales.Al-Fayed bought the school for £2.5 million in May 1998 and it became the new premises for the Beth Marie Centre for Traumatised Children, which had previously been based in Sevenoaks. The school reopened asThe New School at West Heathin September 1998.[111][112]In 2011 Mohamed Al-Fayed's daughter Camilla, who had worked as an ambassador for the charity for eight years,[113]opened the newly refurbished Zoe's Place baby hospice inWest Derby,Liverpool.[114]

Fulham F.C.

[edit]
Main article:Fulham F.C. § 1997–2001: Al-Fayed takeover

Al-Fayed bought west London professional football clubFulham F.C.for £6.25 million in 1997.[115]The purchase was made via Bill Muddyman's Muddyman Group.[115]His long-term aim was that Fulham would become aPremier Leagueside within five years. In the 2000–01 season, Fulham won theFirst Divisionunder managerJean Tigana,winning 101 points and scoring 90 goals, and were promoted to the Premier League. This meant that Al-Fayed had achieved his Premier League aim a year ahead of schedule.[116]By 2002, Fulham were competing in European football, winning theIntertoto Cupand participating in theUEFA Cup.Fulham reached the2010 UEFA Europa League final,which they lost toAtletico Madrid,[116]and continued to play in the Premier League throughout Al-Fayed's tenure as owner, which ended in 2013.[117]

Fulham temporarily leftCraven Cottagewhile it was being upgraded to meet modern safety standards. There were fears that the club would not return to the Cottage after it was revealed that Al-Fayed had sold the first right to build on the ground to a property development firm.[118]

Al-Fayed congratulatingFulhamgoalscorerBrian McBridein May 2008

Fulham lost a legal case against former manager Tigana in 2004 after Al-Fayed had wrongly alleged that Tigana had overpaid more than £7m for new players and had negotiated transfers in secret.[119]In 2009, Al-Fayed said that he was in favour of a wage cap for footballers, and criticised the management ofThe Football AssociationandPremier Leagueas "run by donkeys who don't understand business, who are dazzled by money."[120]

A statue of the American entertainerMichael Jacksonwas unveiled by Al-Fayed in April 2011 at Craven Cottage. In 1999 Jackson had attended a league game againstWigan Athleticat the stadium. Following criticism of the statue, Al-Fayed said "If some stupid fans don't understand and appreciate such a gift this guy gave to the world they can go to hell. I don't want them to be fans."[121]The statue was taken down by the club's new owners in 2013; Al-Fayed blamed the club's subsequent relegation from the Premier League on the 'bad luck' brought by its removal. Al-Fayed then donated the statue to theNational Football Museum.[122]In March 2019, the statue was removed from the museum, with a spokesperson saying it had been planned for "several months" to introduce exhibits that "better represent" football; the removal followed accusations of child sexual abuse by Jackson in the documentaryLeaving Neverland.[123]

Under Al-Fayed Fulham F.C. was owned by Mafco Holdings, based in thetax havenofBermudaand in turn owned by Al-Fayed and his family. By 2011, Al-Fayed had lent Fulham F.C. £187 million in interest free loans.[124]In July 2013, it was announced that Al-Fayed had sold the club to Pakistani American businessmanShahid Khan,who owns theNFL'sJacksonville Jaguars.[125][126]

Business interests

[edit]
75 Rockefeller Plaza,New York

Al-Fayed's business interests included:

His major business purchases included:

  • House of Fraser Group, includingHarrods(1985, £615 million; sold 2010, £1.5 billion)[130]
  • Fulham Football Club(1997, £30 million;[63]sold 2013 for between £150 and £200 million[125])
  • After the death ofWallis Simpson,Fayed took over the lease of theVilla Windsorin Paris, the former home of the Duchess of Windsor and her husband, the Duke of Windsor, previouslyEdward VIII.[131]Together with his valetSydney Johnson,who had also been valet to the Duke, he organised the restoration of the villa and its collections.[132]

Media interests

[edit]

In 1996 Al-Fayed established Liberty Publishing, with the goal of the company stated as "to launch and acquire or take strategic interests in significant media businesses".[133]

The chairman of Liberty Publishing wasStewart Steven,the former editor of theEvening Standard,with John Dux the chief executive, a former managing director ofNews International.[133]Al-Fayed had failed in bids to buy the newspaperTodayfromLonrhoin 1986 and fromNews Internationalin 1995. Al-Fayed believed that the British government had put pressure onRupert Murdoch,CEO of News International not to sell the newspaper to him.[134]Andrew Neilwas recruited by Liberty Publishing, and helped agree a £4 million takeover ofLondon News Radio.The takeover later collapsed.[134]

Steven dined withHugo Young,chairman of theScott Trustat theGarrick Club,and offered a cheque for £17 million from Al-Fayed forThe Observernewspaper. Young declined this offer, and another of £25 million.[135]A women-only radio station, Viva Radio, was bought for £3 million in May 1996.[135]Viva Radio was renamedLiberty Radio,and broadcast commentaries ofFulham F.C.'s home and away games. The station was sold toUCKGin 2000. Due to debts of £6.5 million, Liberty Publishing was wound down by Al-Fayed's brother, Ali, in 1996. Steven, Dux and Mike Hollingsworth were fired, but Andrew Neil was retained as a consultant.[136]

Property

[edit]

Al-Fayed owned 55 and 60Park Lane,and a building on South Street,Mayfair.All three buildings were secretly connected to theDorchester Hotel,which Al-Fayed purchased forHassanal Bolkiah,theSultan of Brunei.[36]

In 1995Westminster City Councilbelieved that Hyde Park Residences, the company letting 170 luxury flats at 55 and 60 Park Lane, had been wrongly reporting the flats as let on long leases to avoid paying higher business rates due on short tenancies.[137]The council demanded an additional £1.1 million, and Al-Fayed believed that the letting agent, Sandra Lewis-Glass had betrayed his confidence to the council.[137]After bugging Lewis-Glass's telephone calls and placing her under surveillance, John Mcnamara, the head of Al-Fayed's security and a formerMetropolitan Policeofficer, alleged to police that she had stolen two floppy disks worth 80 pence.[138]Denying the accusation, Lewis-Glass was released without charge, and later sued for wrongful dismissal, winning £13,500.[139]

In the early 1970s Al-Fayed purchased the Castle St. Therese in the Parc de St Tropez on theFrench Riviera,[140]a chalet inGstaad,Switzerland,[43]andBarrow Green Courtand farm, nearOxted,Surrey.[140]

InBocardo SA v Star Energy UKtheSupreme Court of the United Kingdomdenied Al-Fayed compensation after an energy company, Star Energy, had drilled for oil under his Surrey estate. Al-Fayed originally won a share of the oil proceeds at the High Court, but was later told by appeal judges he could only claim damages.[141]Bocardo SA was a company owned by Al-Fayed that owned his estates in Scotland and Surrey; it was based inLiechtenstein.[142]

Death of Dodi Fayed

[edit]
Further information:Death of Diana, Princess of WalesandConspiracy theories about the death of Diana, Princess of Wales

Background and relationship with Princess Diana

[edit]

Lady Diana SpencermarriedCharles,Prince of Wales, thenheir apparentto theBritish thronein 1981, becomingPrincess of Wales.She was an international celebrity and a frequent visitor to Harrods in the 1980s. Al-Fayed and Dodi first met Diana and Charles in July 1986 when they were introduced at apolotournament sponsored by Harrods.[143]

Diana and Charles divorced in 1996. She was hosted by Al-Fayed in thesouth of Francein mid-1997, with her sons, PrincesWilliamandHarry.[144]For the holiday, Fayed bought a 195 ft yacht, theJonikal(later renamed theSokar).[145]Dodi and Diana later began a private cruise on theJonikaland paparazzi photographs of the couple in an embrace were published. Diana's friend, the journalist Richard Kay, confirmed that Diana was involved in "her first serious romance" since her divorce.[146]

Dodi and Diana went on a second private cruise on theJonikalin the third week of August, and returned fromSardiniato Paris on 30 August. Later that day, the couple privately dined at the Ritz, after the behaviour of the press caused them to cancel a restaurant reservation. They planned to spend the night at Dodi's apartment near theArc de Triomphe.[147]In an attempt to deceive thepaparazzi,a decoy car left the front of the hotel, while Diana and Dodi departed from the rear of the hotel in a Mercedes-Benz S280 driven by concierge Henri Paul.[147]Five minutes later, the car crashed in thePont de l'Almatunnel. Dodi and Paul were killed; Diana died later in hospital. British bodyguardTrevor Rees-Jones,who sustained a serious head injury, was the sole survivor of the crash. Fayed arrived in Paris a day later and viewed Dodi's body, which was returned to the United Kingdom for anIslamic funeral.[147][148]

Conspiracy theories

[edit]

From February 1998, Al-Fayed maintained that the crash was a result of a conspiracy,[149]and later contended that the crash was orchestrated byMI6on the instructions ofPrince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.[150]His claims were dismissed by a French judicial investigation, but Fayed appealed the verdict.[151][152]

The BritishOperation Paget,aMetropolitan policeinquiry that concluded in 2006, also found no evidence of a conspiracy.[153]To Operation Paget, Al-Fayed made 175 "conspiracy claims".[154]

An inquest headed byLord Justice Scott Bakerinto the deaths of Diana and Dodi began at theRoyal Courts of Justice,London, on 2 October 2007 and lasted for six months. It was a continuation of the original inquest that had begun in 2004.[155]

At the Scott Baker inquest, Fayed accused the Duke of Edinburgh, the Prince of Wales,Lady Sarah McCorquodale,her sister, and numerous others, of plotting to kill the Princess of Wales.[156]Their motive, he claimed, was that they could not tolerate the idea of the Princess marrying aMuslim.[157]

Al-Fayed first claimed that the Princess was pregnant to theDaily Expressin May 2001,[157]and that he was the only person who had been told. Witnesses at the inquest who said the Princess was not pregnant, and could not have been, were part of the conspiracy according to Al-Fayed.[158]Fayed's testimony at the inquest was roundly condemned in the press as farcical. Members of the British Government'sIntelligence and Security Committeeaccused Fayed of turning the inquest into a 'circus' and called for it to be ended prematurely.[159]Lawyers representing Al-Fayed later accepted at the inquest that there was no direct evidence that either the Duke of Edinburgh or MI6 were involved in any murder conspiracy involving Diana or Dodi.[160]A few days before Al-Fayed's appearance, John Macnamara, a former senior detective atScotland Yardand Al-Fayed's investigator for five years from 1997, was forced to admit on 14 February 2008 that he had no evidence to suggest foul play, except for the assertions Al-Fayed had made to him.[161]His admissions also related to the lack of evidence for Al-Fayed's claims of the Princess's pregnancy and the couple's engagement.[161]

The jury verdict, given on 7 April 2008, was that Diana and Dodi were "unlawfully killed"through thegrossly negligentdriving of Henri Paul,[162]who wasdrunk,and the pursuing vehicles.[163]

Al-Fayed's lawyers accepted that there was no evidence to support the assertion that Diana was illegally embalmed to conceal pregnancy, or that a pregnancy could be confirmed by any medical evidence.[160]They also accepted that there was no evidence to support the assertion that the French emergency and medical services had played any role in a conspiracy to harm Diana.[160]Following the Baker inquest, Al-Fayed said that he was abandoning his conspiracy campaign, and would accept the jury's verdict.[164]

JournalistDominic Lawsonwrote inThe Independentin 2008 that Al-Fayed sought to concoct "a conspiracy to cover up the true circumstances" of fatalities caused by the crash "involving an intoxicated and over-excited driver (an employee of Mohamed Fayed's Paris Ritz)". He "had remarkable success in persuading elements of the tabloid press, notably theDaily Express,to give the conspiracy a fair wind. "[165]

Al-Fayed financially supportedUnlawful Killing(2011), a documentary film presenting his version of events.[166]It was not formally released because of the potential for libel suits.[167]

Rape, sexual assault and sexual harassment allegations

[edit]

Al-Fayed is accused by multiple women ofsexual harassmentandassault.[168][169]Young women applying for employment at Harrods were often subjected toHIV testsandgynaecologicalexaminations.[170]They were then selected to spend the weekend with Al-Fayed in Paris.[170]In "Holy War at Harrods",a 1995 profile of Al-Fayed forVanity Fair,Maureen Orthdescribed how, according to former employees, "Fayed regularly walked the store on the lookout for young, attractive women to work in his office. Those who rebuffed him would often be subjected to crude, humiliating comments about their appearance or dress... A dozen ex-employees I spoke with said that Fayed would chase secretaries around the office and sometimes try to stuff money down women's blouses".[36]Al-Fayed suedVanity Fair,resulting in a settlement with no damages paid, but requiringVanity Fairto place all evidence in locked storage.Vanity Fairchose to settle in part out of sympathy for Princess Diana's fatal crash.[171]

In December 1997, theITVcurrent affairs programmeThe Big Storybroadcast testimonies from former Harrods employees who spoke of how Al-Fayed routinely sexually harassed women in similar ways.[169]Al-Fayed was interviewed under caution by theMetropolitan Policeafter an allegation of sexual assault against a 15-year-old schoolgirl in October 2008. The case was dropped by theCrown Prosecution Servicewhen they found there was no realistic chance of conviction due to conflicting statements.[172]

A December 2017 episode of Channel 4'sDispatchesprogramme alleged that Al-Fayed sexually harassed three female Harrods employees, and attempted to "groom" them. One of the employees was aged 17 at the time. Cheska Hill-Wood waived her right to anonymity to be interviewed for the programme.[173]The programme alleged Al-Fayed targeted young employees over a 13-year period.[174]

In September 2024,BBC Newsreported that more than 20 women who had worked at Harrods have alleged that Al-Fayed sexually assaulted them; five of these women accused him ofrapingthem.[175][176]Former manager of the women's clubFulham L.F.C.,Gaute Haugenessaid in September 2024 that to protect players from Al-Fayed they were not allowed to be left alone with him. He also said that members of staff were aware that he "liked young, blonde girls".[177][178]A documentary,Al-Fayed: Predator at Harrodswas broadcast onBBC Twowhich featured interviews with the women and explored evidence of the failure by Harrods to properly investigate the claims and the potential "cover-up" of abuse allegations.[175] On 21 September 2024, Dean Armstrong KC, a barrister representing alleged victims, said his team had 37 clients, but that he had been contacted by 150 individuals with claims about Al-Fayed.[179][180]In September 2024, it has been reported that Kristina Svensson, who worked at Ritz hotel, will be the first victim to file a complaint against Mohamed Al Fayed in France, while previously the focus was on London.[181] On 26 September 2024, theMetropolitan Policesaid they would be exploring to see if anyone else should be pursued for criminal offences following the allegations made against Al-Fayed. On the same day, Harrods’s managing director, Michael Ward, said Al Fayed "presided over a toxic culture of secrecy, intimidation, fear of repercussion and sexual misconduct".[182]

By 26 September it was thought that around 200 women, who previously worked for Al Fayed, had spoken to investigators with claims of rape and sexual assault.[183] In addition to reported sexual assault issues at Harrods, on 26 September sexual assault allegations were also made relating to Al-Fayed’s ownership of Fulham FC between 1997 and 2013.[184]On 27 September lawyers representing those making allegations against Al-Fayed said they were working with 60 women.[185]

Early media scrutiny of sexual misconduct allegations against Al-Fayed was curtailed by his frequent threats of litigation. Al-Fayed developed a reputation for spending large sums on litigation against media outlets reporting on sexual assault allegations against him. The lack of scrutiny was also attributed to the actions of Al-Fayed's security chief, John MacNamara, who allegedly threatened and surveilled potential witnesses and victims.[171][186]

On 11 October the Metropolitan Police revealed that 40 new allegations, from 40 different people, including sexual assault and rape, had been made against Al-Fayed, covering a period between 1979 and 2013.[187][188]

On 18 October, former Fulham Ladies F.C. captain,Ronnie Gibbonssaid that she had beengropedtwice by Al Fayed and that he had forcefully tried to kiss her, in his private office at the Harrods store, in 2000, when she was 20-years-old.[189][190][191] By 21 October, Harrods announced that they were in the process of settling more than 250 claims for compensation brought by women who had alleged sexual misconduct by Al Fayed.[192]

Death

[edit]

Al-Fayed died in London on 30 August 2023, at the age of 94.[193][194][195]His cause of death was listed asold ageand was announced on 1 September. He was buried that day atBarrow Green Courtalongside Dodi,[196]after a funeral service duringFriday prayersatLondon Central Mosque.[197]

[edit]

Al-Fayed is portrayed bySalim Dawin seasons 5 and 6 ofThe Crown.[198][199][200]Al-Fayed appeared on an episode ofDa Ali G Showin 2000, and theHoward Stern Showin 2007.[201][202]Al-Fayed appeared on the2011 edition of British Celebrity Big Brotherand set the housemates a task based on dressing up as ancient Egyptianmummies.[203]In the 2007 BBC sitcomGavin & Stacey,Nessarecounts having a sexual relationship with Al-Fayed.[204]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Arabic:محمد عبد المنعم الفايد,romanized:Muḥammad Abdel Moneim al-Fāyid,Egyptian Arabic pronunciation:[mæˈħæmmædʕæbdelˈmenʕemelˈfæːjed].

References

[edit]
  1. ^"The World's Celebrities".Forbes.Archivedfrom the original on 8 August 2019.Retrieved1 September2023.
  2. ^Who's Who.London: A & C Black. 2008.ISBN978-0-7136-8555-8.
  3. ^abcd"Profile of Mohamed Al Fayed".BBC News.7 April 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 28 April 2021.Retrieved3 November2021.
  4. ^Trelford, Donald (15 May 2010)."Time to set the record straight on the Observer and the Harrods takeover".The Observer.Retrieved19 September2024.
  5. ^Anthony, Andrew (2 September 2023)."Mohamed al Fayed: Perennial outsider, savvy businessman and grief-broken father".The Observer.Retrieved19 September2024.
  6. ^Wild, Abigail (10 January 2004)."Beset by secrets and lies Profile: Mohamed al Fayed".Sunday Herald.Glasgow.Archivedfrom the original on 22 April 2018.Retrieved22 April2018.
  7. ^abcdeVallely, Paul (6 October 2007)."Mohamed al-Fayed: The outsider".The Independent.Archivedfrom the original on 15 May 2022.Retrieved26 February2013.
  8. ^Harries, Rhiannon (21 September 2008)."Daddy's girl: Mohamed al-Fayed's daughter Jasmine is gaining a reputation as a hot young designer".The Independent.Archived fromthe originalon 12 April 2010.Retrieved5 September2023.
  9. ^Curtis, Nick."Camilla Fayed: My upbringing? Let's say my normal is not your normal".The Times.ISSN0140-0460.Archivedfrom the original on 27 November 2022.Retrieved5 September2023.
  10. ^"Karim Fayed: The sound engineer".Evening Standard.10 April 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 6 September 2023.Retrieved5 September2023.
  11. ^Isaac, Anna (3 April 2017)."Omar Fayed: 'I didn't want to become Mr Harrods'".The Daily Telegraph.ISSN0307-1235.Archivedfrom the original on 27 November 2022.Retrieved5 September2023.
  12. ^Wynbrandt, James; Gerges, Fawaz A. (2010).A Brief History of Saudi Arabia.Infobase. p.xvii.ISBN978-0816078769.
  13. ^Tyler, Richard; Mendick, Robert (8 May 2010)."£1.5bn change in store at Harrods".The Daily Telegraph.Archivedfrom the original on 12 January 2022.Retrieved19 June2013.
  14. ^Brooke & Aldous 1988,p. 619
  15. ^Hastings, Max (7 October 2002)."Citizen Black".The Guardian.London.
  16. ^abcdBower 1998, p.40.
  17. ^Bower 1998, p.304.
  18. ^abBower 1998, p.330.
  19. ^Bower 1998, p.360.
  20. ^Bower 1998, p.399.
  21. ^Bower 1998, p.449.
  22. ^Bennetto, Jason (23 December 1997)."Straw to reconsider Fayed citizenship request".The Independent.London.
  23. ^Bennetto, Jason (21 October 1999)."Fayed fails in citizenship appeal".The Independent.London.
  24. ^"Fayed brother gets UK citizenship".BBC News online.London. 11 March 1999.
  25. ^abcBurrell, Ian; Buncombe, Andrew (7 June 1999)."Fayed fumes over passport decision".The Independent.London.
  26. ^Bower 1998, p. 9.
  27. ^Bower 1998, p.9.
  28. ^Bower 1998, p. 13.
  29. ^Bower 1998, p. 14.
  30. ^Bower 1998, p.18.
  31. ^Bower 1998, p. 16.
  32. ^Bower 1998, p. 17.
  33. ^Bower 1998, p. 19.
  34. ^abcLindsay, Robert (10 May 2010)."Mohamed Al Fayed — the outsider with a taste for confrontation".The Times.ISSN0140-0460.Archivedfrom the original on 9 July 2017.Retrieved25 January2018.
  35. ^abcSanger, Julian (June 1998)."Life before Harrods".Saturday Night (magazine).Retrieved21 September2024.
  36. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafOrth, Maureen (1 September 1995)."Holy War at Harrods".Vanity Fair.Archivedfrom the original on 5 September 2023.Retrieved13 November2022.
  37. ^Tunzelmann, Alex (29 March 2011).Red Heat: Conspiracy, Murder and the Cold War in the Caribbean.Henry Holt and Co., 2011. p.330f.ISBN978-0-8050-9067-3.
  38. ^Bower 1998, p.27.
  39. ^Bower 1998, p.31.
  40. ^Bower 1998, p.33.
  41. ^Bower 1998, p.36.
  42. ^Bower 1998, p.50.
  43. ^abBower 1998, p.39.
  44. ^Bower 1998, p.55.
  45. ^Bower 1998, p.56.
  46. ^Bower 1998, p.57.
  47. ^Bower 1998, p.71.
  48. ^Bower 1998, p.302.
  49. ^Bower 1998, p.342.
  50. ^Bower 1998, p.343.
  51. ^Bower 1998, p.345.
  52. ^Salihovic, Elnur (5 October 2015).Major Players in the Muslim Business World.Universal Publishers. pp. 117–118.ISBN9781627340526.
  53. ^Feder, Barnaby J. (8 September 1985)."Harrod's New Owner: Mohamed Al-Fayed; a Quiet Acquisitor Is Caught in a Cross Fire".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Archivedfrom the original on 26 January 2018.Retrieved25 January2018.
  54. ^Bower 1998, p.164.
  55. ^"History of Harrods department store".BBC News.8 May 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 7 March 2018.Retrieved3 September2023.
  56. ^Boxer, Mark (1991).The Paris Ritz.Thames and Hudson.ISBN978-0-500-01427-1.
  57. ^Buckingham, Lisa (5 June 1997). "Finance: DTI inquiries under attack".The Guardian.
  58. ^R. W. Rowland (1998).A Hero from Zero.Greenaway Harrison, London.
  59. ^"Harrods Box Charges Dropped".BBC News.20 July 1998.Archivedfrom the original on 5 November 2023.Retrieved13 November2022.
  60. ^"Al-Fayed's £2 million court bill".BBC News. 5 November 1998.
  61. ^Wilson, Jamie (13 August 2002)."Fayed loses High Court Action Against Met".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 12 May 2017.Retrieved12 December2016.
  62. ^"About".The House of Fraser Archive.Archivedfrom the original on 3 September 2023.Retrieved3 September2023.
  63. ^ab"Al Fayed: A Unique Story of Rags to Riches".BBC News.12 February 1998.Archivedfrom the original on 5 November 2023.Retrieved13 November2022.
  64. ^"Law Report: Minister acted unfairly towards the Fayeds".The Independent.19 November 1996.Archivedfrom the original on 15 May 2022.
  65. ^Peachey, Paul (30 May 2002)."Loss-making 'Punch' magazine closes for the second time".The Independent.London.
  66. ^John Morrish, Paul Bradshaw,Magazine Editing: In Print and Online.Routledge, 2012.ISBN1136642072(p. ƒƒ32).
  67. ^BBC News Online (30 May 2002)."Punch magazine to fold".
  68. ^abRentoul, John (13 January 1997)."Fayed funds new political crusade".The Independent.London.
  69. ^Abrams, Fran (21 September 1998)."Fayed's clean-up trust is dissolved".The Independent.London.
  70. ^"Holy War at Harrods: Mohamed Al Fayed – Maureen Orth".Retrieved27 September2024.
  71. ^Bower 1998, p.xii.
  72. ^"UK Politics: Talking Politics, Neil Hamilton – A chronology".BBC News.19 October 1998.Archivedfrom the original on 3 April 2024.Retrieved13 November2022.
  73. ^Boggan, Steve (21 February 1998)."Conspiracies abound as Cole quits 'toughest job in PR'".The Independent.Archivedfrom the original on 4 April 2019.Retrieved5 September2017.
  74. ^Wells, Matt; Wilson, Jamie; Pallister, David (22 December 1999)."A greedy, corrupt liar".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 11 February 2017.Retrieved12 December2016.
  75. ^"Neil Hamilton loses libel appeal".The Guardian.21 December 2000.Archivedfrom the original on 10 May 2017.Retrieved12 December2016.
  76. ^"Appendix 33 – continued: Appendix 1 Channel 4 and Fourth Estate Press Releases"Archived27 October 2016 at theWayback Machine,Select Committee on Standards and Privileges First Report, House of Commons, January 1997
  77. ^"Hamilton loses libel case".BBC News.21 December 1999.Archivedfrom the original on 12 September 2023.Retrieved13 November2022.
  78. ^Moss, Steven (12 December 2000)."Fayed 'paid for stolen papers'".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 10 May 2017.Retrieved12 December2016.
  79. ^"Monaco Yacht Show".Holiday. Archived fromthe originalon 3 August 2010.Retrieved22 August2010.
  80. ^abcdefghijTrelford, Donald (16 May 2010)."Time to set the record straight on the Observer and the Harrods takeover".The Guardian.London.
  81. ^ab"The Attack on Sleaze: Mystery origins of brothers' paper fortune: James Cusick looks at the revelations of the DTI investigation into the Fayed family's business affairs".The Independent.London. 26 October 1994.
  82. ^"Obituary: Sir Angus Ogilvy".London: The Telegraph. 27 December 2004.
  83. ^"Suit by Fayeds is Dismissed".The New York Times.27 December 2004.
  84. ^Bower 1998, p. 134.
  85. ^Bower 1998, p. 197.
  86. ^Bower 1998, p.197.
  87. ^Bower 1998, p. 204.
  88. ^abBower 1998, p. 236.
  89. ^Bower 1998, p. 449.
  90. ^"Archived copy".Archivedfrom the original on 1 March 2018.Retrieved1 March2018.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  91. ^Humbert, Jean-Marcel. "Imhotep today: Egyptianizing architecture". University College, London. Institute of Archaeology.
  92. ^Davey, Jenny (9 May 2010)."Mohamed al-Fayed in £1.5bn Harrods sale".The Times.London.[dead link]
  93. ^Bower 1998, p.283.
  94. ^Bower 1998, p.323.
  95. ^"House of Fraser archive project"(PDF).Retrieved27 September2024.
  96. ^abBower 1998, p. 200.
  97. ^Bower 1998, p. 201.
  98. ^Bower 1998, p.198.
  99. ^abBower 1998, p.202.
  100. ^Bower 1998, p.446.
  101. ^abMendick, Robert (26 June 2011)."Anger as Mohamed Fayed burns Harrods royal warrants".London: The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 13 March 2014.Retrieved22 September2024.{{cite news}}:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  102. ^Hardman, Robert (23 December 2000)."Everything must go as Harrods cuts royal links".London: The Daily Telegraph.
  103. ^"Qatar, the tiny Gulf state that bought the world".London: Independent. 10 May 2010.Retrieved22 September2024.
  104. ^Sutherland, Ruth (8 May 2010)."Harrods sold for £1.5bn as Mohamed Al Fayed retires".The Guardian.Retrieved22 September2024.
  105. ^abLeith, Sam (26 May 2010)."Mohammed Fayed: Why I Sold Harrods".Evening Standard.Archivedfrom the original on 1 July 2010.Retrieved22 September2024.
  106. ^abKelbie, Paul (4 July 2005)."Al-Fayed to fill Highland estate with jet-set homes".The Independent.London. Archived fromthe originalon 6 September 2012.
  107. ^"Highlands freedom for al-Fayed".BBC News.3 December 2002.Archivedfrom the original on 5 October 2023.Retrieved3 September2023.
  108. ^Wade, Mike (19 May 2008)."Al Fayed, a Princess and another theory the establishment denies".The Times.London. Archived fromthe originalon 8 October 2008.Retrieved28 March2012.
  109. ^abHorne, Marc (25 October 2009)."Forget Salmond: Make me your ruler".The Times.London. Archived fromthe originalon 13 August 2011.Retrieved28 March2012.
  110. ^"Who we are".The AlFayed Charitable Foundation.Archived fromthe originalon 11 October 2017.Retrieved11 October2017.
  111. ^"Al Fayed buys Diana's school".BBC News. 20 May 1998.
  112. ^Ware, Gemma (11 January 2006)."The charitable side of... Mohamed Al Fayed".The Third Sector.Haymarket Media Group.Archivedfrom the original on 8 April 2016.Retrieved28 June2013.
  113. ^Collinson, Dawn (27 March 2013)."Heiress Camilla Al Fayed on why Liverpool babies' hospice Zoe's Place is an inspiration".Liverpool Echo.Archivedfrom the original on 3 March 2016.Retrieved28 June2013.
  114. ^"Camilla Al Fayed opens newly refurbished Zoe's Place baby hospice in West Derby".Liverpool Daily Post.Archivedfrom the original on 3 April 2024.Retrieved28 June2013.
  115. ^abBose, Mihir (7 February 2003)."Fulham pushed out Hill".The Daily Telegraph.London.Archivedfrom the original on 12 January 2022.
  116. ^abPolden, Jake (1 September 2023)."Mohamed Al Fayed: Owner who promised Fulham fans Man Utd dreams and offered stars Viagra".Daily Mirror.Archivedfrom the original on 2 September 2023.Retrieved3 September2023.
  117. ^"Fulham's relegation and the curse of Michael Jackson's statue".BBC News.7 May 2014.Archivedfrom the original on 3 September 2023.Retrieved3 September2023.
  118. ^"Fulham's future hangs in balance".BBC Sport.15 September 2003.Archivedfrom the original on 12 January 2016.Retrieved13 November2022.
  119. ^"Fulham lose Tigana court battle".BBC News.12 November 2004.Archivedfrom the original on 28 March 2022.Retrieved13 November2022.
  120. ^Charles, Chris (29 April 2009)."Sport quotes of the week".BBC Sport.Archivedfrom the original on 30 January 2022.Retrieved13 November2022.
  121. ^"Michael Jackson Fulham FC statue defended by Al Fayed".BBC News.3 April 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 25 May 2018.Retrieved20 June2018.
  122. ^"Michael Jackson statue moves to National Football Museum".BBC News.6 May 2014.Archivedfrom the original on 22 September 2014.Retrieved12 February2018.
  123. ^"Michael Jackson statue: National Football Museum removes artwork".BBC News.6 March 2019.Archivedfrom the original on 28 January 2021.Retrieved27 January2020.
  124. ^Conn, David (19 May 2010)."Record income but record losses for Premier League".The Guardian.London.Archivedfrom the original on 1 December 2016.Retrieved12 December2016.
  125. ^ab"Al-Fayed sells Fulham to Shahid Khan".BBC Sport.12 July 2013.Archivedfrom the original on 1 October 2014.Retrieved12 February2018.
  126. ^Rutzler, Peter."Fulham, Mohamed Al Fayed and the 'legacy of a man who was really a monster'".The New York Times.
  127. ^"Our History".Balnagown Estate.26 May 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 2 September 2023.Retrieved2 September2023.
  128. ^"75 Rockefeller Plaza – Time Warner Lease – Mohamed Al-Fayed".The Real Deal New York.25 January 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 14 April 2015.Retrieved13 November2022.
  129. ^Levitt, David M. (15 January 2013)."RXR Said to Buy 99-Year Leasehold at 75 Rockefeller Plaza".Bloomberg.Archivedfrom the original on 4 March 2016.Retrieved10 March2017.
  130. ^"Mohammed Fayed sells Harrods store to Qatar Holdings".BBC News.8 May 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 11 August 2017.Retrieved8 May2010.
  131. ^Wadler, Joyce; Hauptfuhrer, Fred (1 January 1990)."Egypt's Al Fayed Restores the House Fit for a Former King".People.Archived fromthe originalon 5 May 2012.Retrieved2 December2012.
  132. ^"Windsor's Paris Home to Become Museum".The New York Times.25 December 1986.Archivedfrom the original on 3 April 2024.Retrieved12 November2022.
  133. ^ab"NEWS: Al-Fayed sets up UK publishing arm and names Punch editor".Campaign (magazine).1 March 1996.Archivedfrom the original on 21 September 2024.Retrieved21 September2024.
  134. ^abBower 1998, p. 374.
  135. ^abBower 1998, p. 376.
  136. ^Bower 1998, p. 408.
  137. ^abBower 1998, p.368.
  138. ^Bower 1998, p.369.
  139. ^Bower 1998, p.386.
  140. ^abBower 1998, p.43.
  141. ^"Al Fayed loses damages in fight over Oxted oil field".BBC News.28 July 2010.
  142. ^Rosie, George (13 December 1999)."Who are the lairds lording over us?".New Statesman.Archived from the original on 26 November 2011.Retrieved21 September2024.{{cite news}}:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  143. ^van Drehle, David (31 August 1997)."Diana's Life on Display: Sometimes Storybook, Sometimes Soap Opera".The Washington Post.Retrieved11 October2013.
  144. ^McGinty, Stephen (3 October 2007)."Coroner at Diana inquest dismisses all the conspiracy theories over fatal car crash Mohamed al-Fayed expresses surprise over the tone and content of remarks he says should be left to the jury to consider".The Scotsman.Archived fromthe originalon 24 September 2015.Retrieved11 October2013.
  145. ^Dunne, Dominick(19 May 2010)."Two Ladies, Two Yachts, and a Billionaire".Vanity Fair.New York.Archivedfrom the original on 13 October 2013.Retrieved11 October2013.
  146. ^"Di and Dodi's short summer".Chicago Sun-Times.7 September 1997. Archived fromthe originalon 24 September 2015.Retrieved11 October2013.
  147. ^abc"Diana and Dodi: Their final hours".BBC News.14 December 2006.Archivedfrom the original on 3 April 2024.Retrieved13 November2022.
  148. ^"Fayed Is Buried After Quiet Islamic Tribute".Seattle Post-Intelligencer.1 September 1997. Archived fromthe originalon 13 October 2013.Retrieved11 October2013.
  149. ^"Diana crash was a conspiracy – Al Fayed".BBC News.12 February 1998.Archivedfrom the original on 7 January 2023.Retrieved13 November2022.
  150. ^"Point-by-point: Al Fayed's claims".BBC News.19 February 1998.Archivedfrom the original on 7 January 2023.Retrieved13 November2022.
  151. ^"France closes Diana investigation".CNN World.4 April 2002.Archivedfrom the original on 3 September 2023.Retrieved3 September2023.
  152. ^"Fayed risks huge lawsuit with appeal against Diana verdict".The Observer.5 September 1999.Archivedfrom the original on 3 September 2023.Retrieved3 September2023.
  153. ^"Diana death a 'tragic accident'".BBC News.14 December 2006.Archivedfrom the original on 13 November 2022.Retrieved13 November2022.
  154. ^Gregory, Martyn (7 October 2007)."Al-Fayed can't rewrite the death of Diana".The Independent.Archivedfrom the original on 20 September 2022.Retrieved5 September2017.
  155. ^"Inquests into the deaths of Diana, Princess of Wales and Mr Dodi Al Fayed: FAQs".Coroner's Inquests into the Deaths of Diana, Princess of Wales and Mr Dodi Al Fayed.Judicial Communications Office. 2008. Archived fromthe originalon 21 May 2008.Retrieved4 June2010.
  156. ^Bates, Stephen (19 February 2008)."They're all guilty? 'Definitely.' Fayed gets his day in court".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 27 November 2022.Retrieved12 December2016.
  157. ^abBalakrishnan, Angela (7 April 2008)."Pregnancy rumours, MI6 plots and Henri Paul".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 26 February 2020.Retrieved12 December2016.
  158. ^"Diana murdered, Al Fayed claims".BBC News.18 February 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 27 February 2023.Retrieved13 October2013.
  159. ^"Coroner warning in Diana inquest".BBC News.21 February 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 13 November 2022.Retrieved13 May2010.
  160. ^abc"Fayed conspiracy claim collapses".BBC News.7 April 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 24 February 2023.Retrieved13 November2022.
  161. ^abBates, Stephen (15 February 2008)."Diana conspiracy theory unravels as Fayed's investigator tells of lies and lack of evidence".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 15 October 2022.Retrieved12 December2016.
  162. ^"Hearing transcripts: 7 April 2008 – Verdict of the jury".Judicial Communications Office. Archived fromthe originalon 21 May 2008.Retrieved15 August2010.
  163. ^"Diana jury blames paparazzi and Henri Paul for her 'unlawful killing'".The Daily Telegraph.7 April 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 12 January 2022.Retrieved12 October2013.
  164. ^"Al Fayed abandons Diana campaign".BBC News.8 April 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 15 January 2023.Retrieved13 November2022.
  165. ^Lawson, Dominic (4 April 2008)."The only conspiracy over Diana's death was Fayed's bid to manipulate the British public".The Independent.Archivedfrom the original on 15 May 2022.Retrieved19 December2021.
  166. ^Singh, Anita (13 May 2011)."Unlawful Killing: film about the death of Diana likens Prince Philip to Fred West".The Daily Telegraph.London.Archivedfrom the original on 12 January 2022.Retrieved11 May2011.
  167. ^Child, Ben (5 July 2012)."Princess Diana documentary Unlawful Killing is shelved".The Guardian.London.Archivedfrom the original on 28 April 2023.Retrieved12 December2016.
  168. ^Porter, Henry (24 October 1998)."Crossing swords with Mohamed".The Guardian.London.Archivedfrom the original on 4 March 2010.Retrieved6 March2018.
  169. ^abBoggan, Steve (20 December 1997)."Al Fayed Accused: Harrods Boss rejects charges of lechery and bugging".The Independent.London.Archivedfrom the original on 15 May 2022.
  170. ^abBower, Tom(1998).Fayed: The Unauthorized Biography.Macmillan. pp. 271–72.ISBN978-0-333-74554-0.
  171. ^ab"How Mohamed Al Fayed kept claims of sex crimes under cover for decade".The Guardian.27 September 2024.
  172. ^"No Sex Charges for Harrods Owner".BBC News.17 February 2009.Archivedfrom the original on 30 January 2022.Retrieved13 November2022.
  173. ^Mendick, Robert (8 December 2017)."Mohamed Al-Fayed accused of harassing 17-year-old Harrods' employee".The Daily Telegraph.Archivedfrom the original on 12 January 2022.Retrieved5 March2018.
  174. ^Brown, David (8 December 2017)."Mohamed Al Fayed accused of sexually harassing young staff".The Times.Archivedfrom the original on 6 March 2018.Retrieved5 March2018.
  175. ^abCornish-Trestrail, Cassie; Stone, Keaton; Gornall, Erica; Bell, Sarah (19 September 2024)."Mohamed Al Fayed accused of multiple rapes by staff".BBC News.Retrieved19 September2024.
  176. ^Adam, Karla (19 September 2024)."Women accuse Mohamed al-Fayed, billionaire and friend of U.K. royalty, of rape".The Washington Post.Retrieved19 September2024.
  177. ^"Mohamed Al Fayed: Fulham 'protected' women's players from former owner".BBC Sport.20 September 2024.Retrieved20 September2024.
  178. ^"Mohamed Al Fayed: How billionaire was subject of sexual abuse claims for decades".Evening Standard.
  179. ^Mackintosh, Thomas (22 September 2024)."Mohammed Al Fayed: CPS did not prosecute Harrods owner twice".BBC Home.Retrieved22 September2024.
  180. ^"Victims of Mohamed Al Fayed tell BBC of alleged rape and trafficking".BBC News.
  181. ^Art, Pop Culture & (25 September 2024)."Mohamed Al Fayed abuse scandal: Kristina Svensson becomes first to file complaint in France".The Express Tribune.Retrieved25 September2024.
  182. ^Cooney, Christy (26 September 2024)."Police to explore if anyone can be pursued over Fayed claims".BBC News.Retrieved26 September2024.
  183. ^"Over 200 women in legal talks with Harrods over Fayed abuse claims".Arab News.10 October 2024.Retrieved19 October2024.
  184. ^Boffey, Daniel (26 September 2024)."Sexual assault claims made over Mohamed Al Fayed's Fulham tenure".the Guardian.Retrieved27 September2024.
  185. ^Lanche, Anna (27 September 2024)."Sixty women in Mohamed Al Fayed Harrods legal case, lawyers say".BBC News.BBC.Retrieved27 September2024.
  186. ^"How Mohamed Fayed's 'cold and unscrupulous' security guard covered up his secrets".The Telegraph.25 September 2024.
  187. ^"Police record 40 new allegations against Mohamed Al Fayed".BBC News.11 October 2024.
  188. ^"Police investigate 40 new allegations against Mohamed al-Fayed".The Independent.11 October 2024.
  189. ^Ornstein, David; Williamson, Laura (18 October 2024)."Mohamed Al Fayed accused of sexually assaulting Fulham Ladies captain at Harrods: 'I was used'".The Athletic.Archivedfrom the original on 18 October 2024.Retrieved18 October2024.
  190. ^Garry, Tom (18 October 2024)."Former Fulham women's captain alleges sexual assault by Mohamed Al Fayed".The Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 18 October 2024.Retrieved18 October2024.
  191. ^Scott, Laura (18 October 2024)."Ex-Fulham Ladies captain Ronnie Gibbons 'groped' by Al Fayed".BBC News.Archivedfrom the original on 18 October 2024.Retrieved18 October2024.
  192. ^Price, Ellie; Cursino, Malu (21 October 2024)."Mohamed Al Fayed: Harrods settling more than 250 claims against former owner".BBC News.Retrieved22 October2024.
  193. ^Weston, Katie; Merrifield, Ryan; Forsey, Zoe (1 September 2023)."Mohamed al Fayed dies as tributes paid to former owner of Harrods and Fulham FC".Daily Mirror.Archivedfrom the original on 20 September 2023.Retrieved2 September2023.
  194. ^"Mohamed Al Fayed: Former Harrods owner dies at 94".BBC News.1 September 2023.Archivedfrom the original on 1 September 2023.Retrieved1 September2023.
  195. ^Atef, Rana (1 September 2023)."Veteran Businessman Mohamed Al Fayed Passes away Aged 94".Sada El-Balad.Archivedfrom the original on 1 September 2023.Retrieved1 September2023.
  196. ^Kelly, Kieran (2 September 2023)."Mohamed Al-Fayed buried next to son on family estate almost 26 years after Dodi died in car crash with Princess Diana".LBC News.Archivedfrom the original on 2 September 2023.
  197. ^Lynch, Niamh (1 September 2023)."Mohamed Al Fayed: Former Harrods and Fulham FC owner has died at the age of 94".Sky News.Archivedfrom the original on 1 September 2023.Retrieved1 September2023.
  198. ^Gaughan, Liam (12 November 2022)."'The Crown' Season 5: Did Mohamed and Dodi Al-Fayed Really Produce 'Chariots of Fire'? ".Collider.Archivedfrom the original on 12 November 2022.Retrieved3 September2023.
  199. ^Allfree, Claire (14 November 2022)."The Crown star Salim Daw on finding Mohamed Al-Fayed's humanity: 'I love him with all my heart'".The Telegraph.Archivedfrom the original on 5 September 2023.Retrieved6 September2023.
  200. ^"'The Crown' Accused Of Fabricating Genesis Of Princess Diana & Dodi Fayed's Fateful Romance ".Deadline. 16 November 2023.Archivedfrom the original on 16 November 2023.Retrieved16 November2023.
  201. ^"Mohamed Al Fayed called an 'extraordinary tour de force'".2 September 2023.Archivedfrom the original on 23 September 2023.Retrieved22 September2024.
  202. ^"The Paparazzi Get a Break".6 March 2007.Archivedfrom the original on 20 March 2023.Retrieved22 September2024.
  203. ^"Mohamed Al-Fayed sets Big Brother Egyptian task".Digital Spy. 20 August 2011.Retrieved22 September2024.
  204. ^BestOfUKComedy (15 October 2024).Nessa was onto Mohamed Al-Fayed long before everyone else! #GavinAndStacey.Retrieved27 October2024– via YouTube.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Brooke, Henry; Aldous, Hugh Graham Cazalet (1988).House of Fraser Holdings Plc: Investigation Under Section 432 (2) of the Companies Act 1985: Report.H.M. Stationery Office.ISBN978-0-11-514652-7.
[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related toMohamed Al-Fayed.
Wikimedia Commons has media related toMohamed Al-Fayed.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohamed_Al-Fayed&oldid=1253771922"