Mohinga
![]() Mohinga with fritters | |
Alternative names | Mont hin gar |
---|---|
Course | Breakfast |
Place of origin | Myanmar |
Associatedcuisine | Burmese cuisine |
Main ingredients | Rice vermicelli,catfish |
Ingredients generally used | Fish sauce, fish paste, ginger, banana stem, lemongrass, onions, garlic, chickpea flour |
Variations | Many; see§Regional varietiesbelow |
Mohinga(Burmese:မုန့်ဟင်းခါး;MLCTS:mun.hang: hka:,IPA:[mo̰ʊɰ̃hɪ́ɰ̃ɡá];also speltmont hin gar) is thenational dishof Myanmar. Mohinga is fish soup made with rice noodles, typically served as a hearty breakfast. It features a rich broth flavored with lemongrass, turmeric, and fish sauce, often garnished with boiled eggs, cilantro, and crispy fritters.[1][2][3]Mohinga is readily available in most parts of the country, sold bystreet hawkersand roadside stalls in larger cities. Mohinga is traditionally eaten forbreakfast,but today is eaten at any time of day.
Description and ingredients[edit]
The main ingredients of mohinga aregram flourand/or crushed toasted rice,garlic,shallotsoronions,lemongrass,ginger,fish paste,fish sauce,andcatfish(or other types of fishes, such asMrigal carp).[3]The ingredients are combined in a rich broth, which is cooked and kept on the boil.[3][4]Mohinga is served withrice vermicelli,dressed and garnished with fish sauce, a squeeze oflime,crisp fried onions,coriander,spring onions, crushed dried chillis, and, as optional toppings, deep-friedBurmese fritterssuch as split chickpeas,urad dal,gourd,sliced pieces ofyoutiao,as well as boiled egg and friedngapifish cake.[3][5]Mohinga is eaten withChinese soup spoons,which are known asmohinga zun(lit. 'mohinga spoons') in Burmese.[3]
Mohinga is a very common breakfast dish in Myanmar, and available as an "all-day breakfast" in many towns and cities.[1][3][6]Mohinga can be served as a formal dish made from scratch as well as from a ready-made powder used for making the broth. Mohinga used to be available only early in the morning and at streetpwès (open air stage performances),zat pwès (open air dance performances) or theatres at night.Street hawkersoften sell mohinga, with some carrying the soup cauldron on a stove on one side of ashoulder pole,with rice vermicelli and other ingredients, along with bowls and spoons, on the other.[5]Trishaw peddlers began to appear in the 1960s and some of them set up pavement stalls making mohinga available all day.[citation needed]
-
Amohingatrishaw peddler inMandalaywill stop for customers.
-
Mohingais available all day from pavement stalls such as this in Mandalay.
-
Ready-made packages containing powder to cookmohingasoup is also available.
-
Mohinga streethawker in Mandalay
History and origins[edit]
The origins of mohinga are difficult to pinpoint in the absence of extant records.[7]Food processing tools used to fermentricedating to thePyu city-stateshave been discovered, showing that the tradition of making rice vermicelli, the key starch used in mohinga, has a long history. The earliest reference to mohinga dates to theKonbaung dynasty,in the poetU Ponnya'salingaverse poem.[7]Burmese history historianKhin Maung Nyunthas concluded that during pre-colonial times, mohinga was likely a commoner's dish, as a formal recipe for mohinga has not been found in royal records or cookbooks.[7]
During the latter half ofBagyidaw's reign, a poet by the name of U Min wrote about mohinga using the phrase "mont di"(မုန့်တီ). Whilemont dinow commonly refers to another type of rice vermicelli dishes, a small minority continue to use "mont ti"in reference to mohinga. Various regions in the country call mohinga"mont"(မုန့်) or"mont hin"(မုန့်ဟင်း).
Regional varieties[edit]
There are different regional varieties of mohinga throughout Myanmar, depending on the availability of ingredients and culinary preferences. For example,Rakhinemohinga has morefish pasteand less soup. The most commonly prepared version comes fromLower Myanmar,where fresh fish is more readily available. These varieties ofmohingaoriginate from theIrrawaddy delta,which are often dubbedtawchet mohinga(lit. 'rural stylemohinga').[8]Several well-known mohinga shops in Yangon serve Irrawaddy delta-style mohinga, including Myaungmya Daw Cho and Bogalay Daw Nyo.[9]
Versions of mohinga from the Irrawaddy delta include:
- Bogalemohinga – cooked in a broth of fish and abundant black pepper,[9]
- Myaungmyamohinga – cooked with three varieties of fish, namelystriped snakehead,walking catfish,andHamilton's carp,[9][10]
- Pyaponmohinga,[11]
- Patheinmohinga,[11]
- Yangonmohinga – cooked in a broth of catfish, chickpeas, and peanuts).[12]
Versions of mohinga from theBago Regioninclude:
- Hinthadamohinga – cooked withhilsain lieu of catfish,[13]
- Madaukmohinga – cooked withpickled shrimp,and served with raw tomatoes,[14]
- NyaunglebinandPyuntazamohinga – cooked withpickled fish,served with pickledjujube,[15]
- Taungoomohinga – served in a thinner broth more akin to a dry noodle salad, with raw tomatoes, chopped green beans, and a side of pickled white jujubes.[15][16]
Versions of mohinga from Southern and Eastern Myanmar include:
- Daweimohinga – similar to conventional mohinga, withblack pepperin lieu ofpaprika,[17]
- Kayinmohinga – served in one of two broths (sweet or spicy), served with raw tomatoes,bean sprouts,green beans,andmintin lieu of coriander,[18][19]
- Mawlamyinemohinga – cooked to a thinner broth consistency with boiled peas, green beans, mint, fish cakes, andjaggery,[20][21]
- Monmohinga – similar to conventional mohinga, cooked without banana stems and rice flour,[17]
- Thatonmohinga – served withHamilton's carp,mint, green beans, bean sprouts, tomatoes, and fermented yellow rice cake patties.[22]
InUpper Myanmar,variants of mohinga include:
- Anyamohinga – mohinga cooked in a broth of chicken, fish, and chickpea flour in lieu of toasted rice flour), which is common toUpper Myanmartowns likeMonywa,Wetlet,Shwebo,Kyaukpadaung,andMyingyan,[23]
- In mohinga – cooked in a broth of catfish and green onions.[24]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ab"Burmese Food Primer: Essential Dishes To Eat In Myanmar".Food Republic.2017-02-22.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-06-02.Retrieved2018-07-09.
- ^"Super bowls: Burmese recipes by the Rangoon Sisters".the Guardian.2020-07-19.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-07-23.Retrieved2021-09-06.
- ^abcdefAye, MiMi (2020).Mandalay: Recipes & Tales from a Burmese Kitchen.Bloomsbury Absolute. pp. 107–108.ISBN9781472959492.
- ^Bush, Austin (12 July 2017)."10 foods to try in Myanmar -- from tea leaf salad to Shan-style rice".CNN.Archivedfrom the original on 2020-08-04.Retrieved2020-05-31.
- ^ab"Mohinga: Myanmar's National Dish".The Slow Road Travel Blog.2013-08-27.Archivedfrom the original on 2018-07-10.Retrieved2018-07-09.
- ^"The best thing I ate in 2017".the Guardian.2017-12-17.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-07-10.Retrieved2021-09-06.
- ^abc"မုန့်ဟင်းခါး အကြောင်း သိကောင်းစရာ".MyFood Myanmar(in Burmese). 2016-04-05.Archivedfrom the original on 2018-01-09.Retrieved2021-01-09.
- ^Thinn Thiri San (2019-07-24)."မုန့်ဟင်းခါး နှင့် မြန်မာလူမျိုး".Yangon Style(in Burmese). Archived fromthe originalon 2021-01-11.Retrieved2021-01-09.
- ^abcငြိမ်းအိအိထွေး (2018-08-29)."ရန်ကုန်မြို့က နာမည်ကျော် မုန့်ဟင်းခါးဆိုင် ၁ဝ ဆိုင်".The Myanmar Times.Archived fromthe originalon 2021-01-11.Retrieved2021-01-09.
- ^"မြောင်းမြမုန့်ဟင်းခါး".MyFood Myanmar(in Burmese). 2015-12-13.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-01-11.Retrieved2021-01-09.
- ^ab"ဒေသအစားအစာ တစ်ခုဖြစ်သည့် တောင်ငူမုန့်ဟင်းခါး".TimeAyeyar(in Burmese). 2018-08-13.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-01-11.Retrieved2021-01-09.
- ^"ရန်ကုန် မုန့်ဟင်းခါး".MyFood Myanmar(in Burmese). 2015-12-29.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-01-11.Retrieved2021-01-09.
- ^San San Oo (2017-07-25)."ဟင်္သာတမုန့်ဟင်းခါး".FOOD Magazine Myanmar(in Burmese). Archived fromthe originalon 2018-10-06.
- ^"မဒေါက် မုန့်ဟင်းခါး".MyFood Myanmar(in Burmese). 2016-04-05.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-01-11.Retrieved2021-01-09.
- ^abလှမြိုင် (2019-08-06)."မုန့်ဟင်းခါး ဋီကာ (ဒါဖတ်ပြီးမှ မုန့်ဟင်းခါး စားပါ)".Lwin Pyin News(in Burmese).Archivedfrom the original on 2021-01-11.Retrieved2021-01-09.
- ^"တောင်ငူ မုန့်ဟင်းခါး ရေကျဲ".MyFood Myanmar(in Burmese). 2016-03-08.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-01-11.Retrieved2021-01-09.
- ^ab"မုန့်ဟင်းခါးချက်နည်းအမျိုးမျိုး".Yangon Life(in Burmese). 2019-02-01. Archived fromthe originalon 2021-01-11.Retrieved2021-01-09.
- ^မြင့်ဦးသာ (2017-07-25)."ကရင်မုန့်ဟင်းခါး၊ ကရင်ငါးပေါင်းထုပ်၊ ဘားအံ၊ ကရင်ပြည်နယ်ခရီးစဉ်".FOOD Magazine Myanmar(in Burmese). Archived fromthe originalon 2020-11-18.
- ^"ကရင် မုန့်ဟင်းခါး".MyFood Myanmar(in Burmese). 2016-06-02.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-01-11.Retrieved2021-01-09.
- ^ချိုဝတ်ရည် (2013-04-13)."မော်လမြိုင် မုန့်ဟင်းခါး".Wutyee Food House(in Burmese).Archivedfrom the original on 2021-01-11.Retrieved2021-01-09.
- ^"မော်လမြိုင် မုန့်ဟင်းခါး (သို့) မော်လမြိုင် မုန့်တီ".MyFood Myanmar(in Burmese). 2016-04-06.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-01-11.Retrieved2021-01-09.
- ^"သထုံ ထမင်းဝါ (မုန့်ဟင်းခါး)".MyFood Myanmar(in Burmese). 2016-06-03.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-01-11.Retrieved2021-01-09.
- ^"ညောင်ပင်ကြီး မုန့်ဟင်းခါး (သို့) အညာ မုန့်ဟင်းခါး".MyFood Myanmar.2016-04-04.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-01-11.Retrieved2021-01-09.
- ^"အင်းမုန့်ဟင်းခါး (သို့) အင်းမုန့်တီ".MyFood Myanmar(in Burmese). 2016-04-04.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-01-11.Retrieved2021-01-09.