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Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee

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TheMongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee( Mông Cổ địa phương tự trị chính vụ ủy ban ), also referred to as thePailingmiao CouncilorPeilingmiao Council,was a political body ofethnic Mongolsin theRepublic of Chinabetween 1934 and 1936. TheNationalist governmentauthorised its establishment in March 1934.[1][2]

Background

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The Committee grew out of a visit byHuang Shaoxiongas an envoy to a Mongolian autonomy conference held at Bat-khaalag (Bailingmiao/Pailingmiao) in the aftermath of theJapanese annexationofRehe Province.Fearful that the Mongols would side with the Japanese and cause China to lose further territory, Huang promised them that they could establish such an autonomous political committee and open up a direct line of communication with Nanjing.[3]Chiang Kai-shek,knowing his government's limited power inInner Mongolialeft his options severely constrained, wrote in his private diary that he would have to grant the Mongols "whatever they desire short of complete political independence".Demchugdongrubserved as secretary-general, whileYondonwangchugheld the chairmanship.[4]

Membership

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Members of the committee included various league and banner nobility:[5]

As well as a number of ethnic Mongol Kuomintang members:[5]

  • Ünenbayan(Jerim League representative in Beijing, Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission member)
  • Enkhbat( ân khắc ba đồ; Kuomintang Central Oversight Committee member)
  • Serengdongrub(Kuomintang Central Executive Committee member, Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Committee member)
  • Kesingge(KMT Central Executive Committee reserve member, Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission member)
  • Nima-odsor(Kuomintang Central Committee member)[1]

Operation

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The committee was officially inaugurated in a ceremony at Bailingmiao in April 1934.[6]By late June, offices had been installed at the monastery and blessed by its priests.[7]Their clashes with other regional authorities began immediately; both the Committee and the government ofSuiyuan ProvinceunderFu Zuoyiattempted to levy tariffs on goods imported fromGansu.Regional nobility such asShirabdorjiof theUradalso did not cooperate with the Committee; in August 1935, Suiyuan forces, seeking to take advantage of their conflict, again confronted Committee troops near Shirabdorji's residence, and forced them to cede further authority to him. The Nationalist government took little action in the conflict. Yondonwangchug, angered by this, threatened to dissolve the Committee in response.[4]The Japanese military watched the conflict closely, and even had its air force make several illegal overflights of Suiyuan in late September.[2]

Collapse

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In early 1936, the Japanese hadNima-odsorassassinated, sparking fear among the other Committee members, in particular his close associateJodbajab,which led him to collaborate with the Japanese.[8]In March 1936, Yondonwangchug resigned from the Committee, after having been effectively retired since mid-1935.Shagdurjabwas elevated to the chairmanship in his place, while Demchugdongrub was offered the vice-chairmanship. The council also opened a branch office atKalgan,headed byPuyintala.[9]The central government later ordered the Committee to move to Chahar; however, the council itself opposed the order at a meeting the following week, apparently because they were reluctant to surrender authority to the newSuiyuan Mongol Council.[10][11]That council, at Guisui (Hohhot), was under the control ofFu Zuoyi,and was also advised byYan Xishan.Demchugdongrub and Yondonwangchug withdrew toDehuaand established theMongol Military Government,leaving the Committee defunct.[12]

References

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  1. ^abBolig 2004
  2. ^ab"Mongol dispute; Japanese military interested",The Straits Times,1935-10-02,retrieved2011-08-04
  3. ^Lin 2010,p.43
  4. ^abLin 2010,p.49–50
  5. ^abZhang & Zhang 2006,Ch. 23 §2
  6. ^"Mongols get autonomy: self-rule is inaugurated in ceremony at Pailingmiao",The New York Times,1934-04-24,retrieved2011-08-04
  7. ^"Mongolia sets up its new capital: temporary offices have been installed in monastery at Pailingmiao",The New York Times,1934-07-29,retrieved2011-08-04
  8. ^Hyer & Jagchid 1983,p.50and131
  9. ^"Peilingmiao Council reorganised",The Straits Times,1936-03-23,retrieved2011-08-04
  10. ^"Inner Mongolia wavers; recent Nanking order may cause a turn toward Soviet",The New York Times,1936-05-01,retrieved2011-08-04
  11. ^"Transfer to Chahar opposed: decision of Mongol chief at Peilingmiao",The Straits Times,1936-05-09,retrieved2011-08-04
  12. ^Cotton 1989,p.21

Bibliography

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