Montenegrin Alpha bet
TheMontenegrin Alpha betis the collective name given to "Abeceda"(Montenegrin Latin Alpha bet;АбецедаinCyrillic) and "Азбука"(Montenegrin Cyrillic Alpha bet;AzbukainLatin), thewriting systemsused towritetheMontenegrin language.It was adopted on 9 June 2009 by theMontenegrinMinister of Education,Sreten Škuletić[1]and replaced theSerbian CyrillicandGaj's LatinAlpha bets in use at the time.
Although the Latin and Cyrillic Alpha bets enjoy equal status under theConstitution of Montenegro,the government and proponents of the Montenegrin language prefer to use theLatin script;[2]it is also much more widely used in all aspects of the day-to-day written communication in the country, in education, advertising and media.
History
[edit]Efforts to create a Latin character-based Montenegrin Alpha bet go back to at leastWorld War I,when a newspaper was published inCetinjeusing bothLatinandCyrilliccharacters.[3]
Latin Alpha bet
[edit]| Montenegrin Latin Alpha bet | |
|---|---|
| Script type | |
Time period | since 2009 |
| Languages | Montenegrin |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Latn(215),Latin |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Latin |
| Subset ofLatin(Basic LatinandLatin Extended-A) | |
TheMontenegrin Latin Alpha bet(Montenegrin:crnogorska latinica/ црногорска латиница,crnogorska abeceda/ црногорска абецеда orcrnogorski alfabet/ црногорски алфабет) is used for writing the Montenegrin language inLatin script.
It uses most letters of theISO basic Latin Alpha bet,with the exception ofQ,W,XandY,only used for writing common words or proper names directly borrowed from foreign languages.
Montenegrin Latin is based onGaj's Latin Alpha bet,with the addition of the two letters Ś and Ź, to replace the pairs SJ and ZJ (so anachronistically considered as digraphs).[4]С́ and З́, and could also be represented in the original Alpha bets assjandzj,[5]and сj and зj, respectively.[citation needed]Because these two glyphs already exist in thePolish Alpha bet,but must be created in Cyrillic by using combining characters, it provides an additional incentive to prefer Latin over Cyrillic.
It also uses some Latin extended letters, composed with a basic Latin letter and one of two combining accents (theacute accentorcaron,overC,S,andZ), and a supplementary base consonantĐ:they are needed to note additional phonetic distinctions (notably to preserve the distinctions that are present in theCyrillic scriptwith which the Montenegrin language has also long been written, when it was still unified in the formerYugoslaviawithin the writtenSerbo-Croatianlanguage).
Digraphs
[edit]The Alpha bet also includes some digraphs built from the previous characters (that are considered as single letters for collation purpose):Dž,Nj,andLj.
Cyrillic Alpha bet
[edit] | This sectionis missing informationabout chart of correspondence with both Latin and older Serbian Cyrillic.(July 2021) |
| Montenegrin Cyrillic Alpha bet | |
|---|---|
| Script type | |
Time period | since 2009 |
| Languages | Montenegrin |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Egyptian hieroglyphs[6]
|
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Cyrl(220),Cyrillic |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Cyrillic |
| subset ofCyrillic (U+0400...U+04FF) | |
TheMontenegrin Cyrillic Alpha bet(Montenegrin:црногорска ћирилица/crnogorska ćirilicaorцрногорска азбука/crnogorska azbuka) is the officialCyrillic scriptof theMontenegrin language.It is used in parallel with the Latin script.
Its first version was developed byVojislav Nikčevićin the 1970s who was a dissident of theSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslaviaand considered Montenegrin speech to be unique and deserving of consideration as a separate language from Serbo-Croatian.[citation needed]
The modern version was brought into official use in early 2009 by the Ministry of Education underSreten Škuletić.It was called the First Montenegrin Orthography, included a new Orthographic Dictionary, and replaced theSerbian Cyrillicscript which was official until then. The act is a component part of the process of standardisation of the Montenegrin language, starting in mid-2008 after the adoption of Montenegrin as theofficial languageof Montenegro.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^"Donijet Pravopis crnogorskog jezika".9 July 2009. Archived fromthe originalon 2010-01-10.Retrieved2012-05-17.
- ^ Lowen, Mark (February 19, 2010)."Montenegro embroiled in language row".BBC News.RetrievedSeptember 10,2011.
- ^"Semi-Official War Newspaper to Start".Bakersfield Californian.Bakersfield, California.April 3, 1916.RetrievedSeptember 10,2011.
- ^"Dva nova slova u pravopisu".10 July 2009. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-07-22.Retrieved2012-05-17.
- ^"News - Montenegrin authorities introduce new Alpha bet".B92.Retrieved2012-05-17.
- ^Himelfarb, Elizabeth J. "First Alphabet Found in Egypt", Archaeology 53, Issue 1 (Jan./Feb. 2000): 21.