Jump to content

Emperor Montoku

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromMontoku)
Emperor Montoku
Văn đức thiên hoàng
Emperor of Japan
Reign4 May 850 – 7 October 858
Enthronement31 May 850
PredecessorNinmyō
SuccessorSeiwa
BornAugust 826
Heian Kyō (Kyōto)
Died7 October 858(858-10-07)(aged 32)
Heian Kyō (Kyōto)
Burial
Tamura no misasagi( điền ấp lăng ) (Kyoto)
Issue
more...		Emperor Seiwa
Posthumous name
Chinese-styleshigō:
Emperor Montoku (Văn đức thiên hoàng)
HouseImperial House of Japan
FatherNinmyō
MotherFujiwara no Junshi

Emperor Montoku(Văn đức thiên hoàng,Montoku-tennō)(August 826 – 7 October 858) was the 55themperorofJapan,[1]according to the traditionalorder of succession.[2]

Montoku's reign lasted from 850 to 858.[3]

Traditional narrative

[edit]

Before Montoku's ascension to theChrysanthemum Throne,his personal name (imina)[4]was Michiyasu(Nói khang).[5]He was also known asTamura-no-mikado[6]orTamura-tei.[7]

He was the eldest son ofEmperor Ninmyō.His mother was Empress Dowager Fujiwara no Junshi (also called the Gojō empress năm điều sau ), daughter of the minister of the left,Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu.[6]

Montoku had six Imperial consorts and 29 Imperial children.[8]

Events of Montoku's life

[edit]
  • 6 May 850(Kashō3, 21st day of the 3rd month): In the 17th year of Ninmyō-tennō's reign ( nhân ngày mai hoàng mười bảy năm ), the emperor died; and his eldest son received the succession (senso).[9]
  • 850(Kashō 3, 4th month): Emperor Montoku formally acceded to the throne (sokui).[10]
  • 850(Kashō 3, 5th month): The widow of Emperor Saga, who was also the mother of Emperor Ninmyō and the grandmother of Emperor Montoku, died. This very devout Buddhist had founded a temple called Danrin-ji(Đàn lâm chùa)on the site of present-day Tenryū-ji(Thiên long chùa)– more formally known as Tenryū Shiseizen-ji(Thiên long tư thánh thiền chùa),located in what is now Susukinobaba-chō, Ukyō Ward inKyoto,Before her death, the former empress had been known by the honorific title, Danrin-kōgō(Đàn lâm Hoàng Hậu);and she had been honored as if she were a saint.[11]
  • 850(Kashō 3, 11th month): The emperor named Korehito-shinnō,the 4th son of Emperor Montoku as his heir.[12]This 9-month-old baby was also the grandson ofudaijinFujiwara no Yoshifusa.[13]
  • 853(Ninju3, 2nd month): The emperor visited the home ofudaijinYoshifusa, the grandfather of his designated heir.[13]
  • 11 July 854(Saikō1, 13th day of the 6th month): ThesadaijinMinamoto no Tokiwa, also known as Minamoto no Tsune, died at age 43.[14]
  • 855(Saikō 2, in the 1st month): TheEmishiorganized a rebellion; and in response, a force of 1,000 men and provisions were sent to the north.[15]
  • 855(Saikō 2, 5th month): The head of the great statute of Buddha in the Tōdai-ji fell off; and in consequence, the emperor ordered the thendainagonFujiwara no Yoshisuke, the brother ofsadaijinYoshifusa, to be in charge of gathering the gifts of the pious from throughout the empire to make another head for theDaibutsu.[15]

Events during his reign included the repression of insurrections among theEbisupeople inMutsu Provincein 855, and among the people of the island ofTsushimatwo years later.

  • 7 October 858(Ten'an2, 27th day of the 8th month): Montoku died at the age of 32.[16]

The actual site of Montoku'sgraveis known.[1]This emperor is traditionally venerated at amemorialShintoshrine(misasagi) at Kyoto.

TheImperial Household Agencydesignates this location as Montoku'smausoleum.It is formally namedTamura no misasagi.[17]

Kugyō

[edit]

Kugyō(Công khanh)is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of theEmperor of Japanin pre-Meijieras.–kugyōof Montoku-tennō (in French)

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Montoku's reign, this apex of theDaijō-kanincluded:

Eras of Montoku's reign

[edit]

The years of Montoku's reign are more specifically identified by more than oneera nameornengō.[11]

Consorts and children

[edit]
  • Consort (Nyōgo) (Tai-Kotaigō): Fujiwara no Akirakeiko ( đằng nguyên gỗ dầu; 829–899), also known as Somedono-no-Kisaki,Fujiwara no Yoshifusa's daughter.[18]
    • Fourth Son: Imperial Prince Korehito ( duy nhân thân vương ) laterEmperor Seiwa
    • Third Daughter: Imperial PrincessGishi( nghi tử nội thân vương; d. 879), 6thSaiininKamo Shrine859–876
  • Consort (Nyōgo): Princess Azumako ( Đông Tử nữ vương; d. 865)
  • Consort (Nyōgo): Fujiwara noNenshi/Toshiko ( đằng nguyên năm tử )
  • Consort (Nyōgo): Fujiwara no Koreko ( đằng nguyên là tử )
  • Consort (Nyōgo): Tachibana no Fusako ( quất phòng ở ), Tachibana no Ujikimi's daughter
  • Consort (Nyōgo): Tachibana noChushi( quất trung tử ), Tachibana no Ujikimi's daughter
  • Consort (Koui): Ki no Shizuko ( kỷ tĩnh tử; d. 866), Ki no Natora's daughter
    • First Son: Imperial Prince Koretaka ( duy kiều thân vương; 844–897)
    • Second son: Imperial Prince Koreeda ( duy điều thân vương; 848–868)
    • Imperial PrincessTenshi( điềm tử nội thân vương; d. 913), 20thSaiōinIse Shrine859–876
    • Fifth daughter: Imperial PrincessJutsushi( thuật tử nội thân vương; d. 897), 5thSaiininKamo Shrine857–858
    • Imperial PrincessChinshi( trân tử nội thân vương; d. 877)
  • Court lady: Shigeno no Okuko ( tư dã áo tử ), Shigeno no Sadanushi's daughter
    • Third Son: Imperial Prince Korehiko ( duy ngạn thân vương; 850–883)
    • Imperial PrincessNōshi( nùng tử nội thân vương; d. 903)
    • Imperial PrincessShōshi( thắng tử nội thân vương; d. 871)
  • Court lady: Fujiwara noKonshi/Imako ( đằng nguyên nay tử ), Fujiwara no Sadamori's daughter
    • Imperial Prince Koretsune ( duy Hằng thân vương; d. 904)
    • Imperial PrincessReishi( lễ tử nội thân vương; d. 899)
    • Seventh Daughter: Imperial PrincessKeishi( yết tử nội thân vương; d. 914), 22ndSaiōinIse Shrine882–884
  • Court lady: Fujiwara noRetsushi( đằng nguyên liệt tử ), Fujiwara no Koreo's daughter
    • First Daughter: Imperial PrincessAnshi( yến tử nội thân vương; d. 900), 19thSaiōinIse Shrine850–858
    • Eighth Daughter: Imperial Princess Akirakeiko ( tuệ tử nội thân vương; d. 881), 4thSaiininKamo Shrine850–857
  • Court lady: Shigeno no Mineko ( tư dã sầm tử ), Shigeno no Sadao's daughter
    • Minamoto no Motoari ( nguyên vốn có )
    • Minamoto no Noriari ( nguyên tái có )
    • Minamoto no Fuchiko/Shigeko ( nguyên uyên tử / tư tử; d. 911)
  • Court lady: Tomo clan's daughter
    • Minamoto no Yoshiari ( nguyên có thể có; 845–897),Udaijin896–897
  • Court lady: Fuse clan's daughter
    • Minamoto no Yukiari ( nguyên hành có; 854–887)
  • Court lady: Tajihi clan's daughter
    • Minamoto noTsuneari( nguyên mỗi có )
  • Court lady: Kiyohara clan's daughter
    • Minamoto no Tokiari ( nguyên khi có )
  • Court lady: Sugawara clan's daughter
    • Minamoto no Sadaari ( nguyên chắc chắn có )
    • Minamoto no Tomiko ( nguyên phú tử )
  • (from unknown women)
    • Minamoto no Tomiari ( nguyên giàu có, d.887)
    • Minamoto noHyōshi( nguyên bằng tử )
    • Minamoto noKenshi( nguyên khiêm tử )
    • Minamoto no Okuko ( nguyên áo tử )
    • Minamoto noRetsushi( nguyên liệt tử )
    • Minamoto noSeishi( nguyên tế tử ), married toEmperor Seiwa
    • Minamoto noShuko( nguyên tu tử )

Ancestry

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
Japanese Imperial kamon— a stylizedchrysanthemumblossom
  1. ^abImperial Household Agency(Kunaichō):Văn đức thiên hoàng (55)
  2. ^Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959).The Imperial House of Japan,pp. 64–65.
  3. ^Brown, Delmeret al.(1979).Gukanshō,pp. 264–265; Varley, H. Paul. (1980).Jinnō Shōtōki,p. 165; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834).Annales des empereurs du japon,p. 112.,p. 112, atGoogle Books
  4. ^Brown, pp. 264; prior toEmperor Jomei,the personal names of the emperors were very long and people did not generally use them; however, the number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.
  5. ^Titsingh, p. 112; Brown p. 285.
  6. ^abVarley, p. 165.
  7. ^Ponsonby-Fane, p. 8.
  8. ^abcdefBrown, p. 285.
  9. ^Titsingh, p. 112; Brown, p. 284; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act ofsensois unrecognized prior toEmperor Tenji;and all sovereigns exceptJitō,Yōzei,Go-Toba,andFushimihavesensoandsokuiin the same year until the reign ofEmperor Go-Murakami.
  10. ^Titsingh, p. 112; Varley, p. 44
  11. ^abTitsingh, p. 112.
  12. ^Brown, p. 286.
  13. ^abTitsingh, p. 113.
  14. ^Brown, p. 285; Titsingh, p. 113.
  15. ^abTitsingh, p. 114.
  16. ^Brown, pp. 285–286; Varley, p. 165.
  17. ^Ponsonby-Fane, p. 420.
  18. ^Ponsonby-Fane, pp. 319–320.
  19. ^"Genealogy".Reichsarchiv(in Japanese). 30 April 2010.Retrieved30 January2018.

References

[edit]
Regnal titles
Preceded by Emperor of Japan:
Montoku
850–858 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Montoku&oldid=1234081295"