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Moon tree

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Bicentennial Moon Tree, planted in 1975 inWashington Square,Philadelphia
Moon Tree in front of Sebastian County Courthouse, inFort Smith, Arkansas
Plaque at the base of the Fort Smith, Arkansas, Moon Tree.
A Moon Tree inKeystone Heights, Florida
Certificate of Authenticity of the Moon Tree in Piedmont, South Carolina.
Moon Tree in Piedmont, South Carolina, 1980s
Moon Tree, Waycross, Georgia

Moon treesare trees grown from seeds taken into orbit around theMoon,initially byApollo 14in 1971, and later byArtemis 1in 2022.[1]The idea was first proposed byEdward P. Cliff,then theChiefof theUnited States Forest Service,who convincedStuart Roosa,theCommand Module Piloton the Apollo 14 mission, to bring a small canister containing about 500 seeds aboard the module in 1971. Seeds for the experiment were chosen from fivespeciesof tree:loblolly pine,sycamore,sweetgum,redwood,andDouglas fir.[2][3]In 2022, NASA announced it would be reviving the Moon tree program by carrying 1,000 seeds aboardArtemis 1.[4]

History[edit]

After the flight, the seeds were sent to the southern Forest Service station inGulfport,Mississippi,and to the western station inPlacerville, California,with the intent togerminatethem. Nearly all the seeds germinated successfully, and after a few years, the Forest Service had about 420 seedlings. Some of these were planted alongside their Earth-bound counterparts, which were specifically set aside as controls. After more than 40 years, there was no discernible difference between the two classes of trees. Most of the Moon trees were given away in 1975 and 1976 to state forestry organizations, in order to be planted as part of the nation'sbicentennial celebration.Since the trees were all of southern or western species, not all states received trees. ALoblolly Pinewas planted at theWhite House,and trees were planted inBrazil,Switzerland,and presented toEmperorHirohito,among others.[5]

The locations of many of the trees that were planted from these seeds were largely unknown for decades. In 1996, a third-grade teacher, Joan Goble, and her students found a tree in their local area with a plaque identifying it as a Moon tree. Goble sent an email to NASA, and reached employee Dave Williams. Williams was unaware of the trees' existence, as were most of his colleagues at NASA. Upon doing some research, Williams found some old newspaper clippings that described the initial actions taken by Roosa to bring these seeds to space and home to be planted.[6] Williams posted a page on NASA's official website asking for public help to find the trees. The page also contained a table listing the locations and species of known Moon trees. Williams began to hear from people around the United States who had seen trees with plaques identifying them as Moon trees. Williams began to manage a database listing details about such trees, including their location and species. In 2011, an article inWiredmagazine described the effort, and provided Williams' email address, encouraging anyone to write who might have data on existing Moon trees.[7]As of 2022, efforts were continuing to identify and locate existing trees;[6]the NASA page remains active.[8]

In March 2021, theRoyal Astronomical Societyand theUK Space Agencyasked for the help of the public to identify up to 15 Moon Trees that may be growing in theUnited Kingdom.As of April 2021, none of the trees that supposedly came to the UK have been identified.[9]

Current efforts[edit]

The Moon Tree Foundation is an organization run by Roosa's daughter, Rosemary, which seeks to plant Moon trees in regions around the world. The foundation sponsors and hosts ceremonies to plant new trees, with seeds produced by the original generation of trees that grew from the seeds carried by Roosa.[10]

Moon tree at theGoddard Space Flight Center

Locations[edit]

Table key
† Indicates a tree that is no longer alive.
‡ Indicates the exact date of planting is unknown.

United States[edit]

City State Location Species Date planted Ref.
Salem Oregon Private Residence 2 Douglas Firs 1973 ‡
Wiggins Mississippi Girl Scouts Camp Iti Kana Sycamore 1974 ‡
Starkville Mississippi Dorman Hall,Mississippi State University Sycamore 1975 ‡ [11]
Philadelphia Pennsylvania Washington Square Park Sycamore † May 6, 1975 [12]
Bethesda Maryland Society of American Foresters Loblolly Pine September 30, 1975 [13]
Princeton West Virginia USDAForestry Sciences Laboratory Sycamore October 18, 1975 [14]
Fort Smith Arkansas Sebastian County Courthouse Loblolly Pine March 15, 1976 [15]
Little Rock Arkansas Forestry Commission Headquarters Loblolly Pine † March 15, 1976 [16]
Monticello Arkansas University of Arkansas at Monticello Loblolly Pine † March 15, 1976 [17]
Washington Arkansas Historic Washington State Park Loblolly Pine March 15, 1976 [18]
Asheville North Carolina Botanical Gardens at Asheville Sycamore March 19, 1976 [19]
College Station Texas D. A. "Andy" Anderson Arboretum Sycamore † March 21, 1976 [20]
Birmingham Alabama Birmingham Botanical Gardens,nearLane Park Sycamore April 1976 ‡ [21]
Montgomery Alabama Alabama State Capitol Building Loblolly Pine April 1976 ‡ [22]
North Pembroke Massachusetts Pembroke Historical Society Sycamore † April 1976 ‡ [23]
Elmer Louisiana Palustris Experiment Station,Kisatchie National Forest Loblolly Pine April 1976 ‡ [24]
Knoxville Tennessee Forestry Experiment Station,University of Tennessee Loblolly Pine April 1976 ‡ [25]
Sewanee Tennessee Woods Laboratories,University of the South Sycamore April 1976 ‡ [26]
Elizabethton Tennessee Fort Watauga,Sycamore Shoals State Historic Area Sycamore † April 1976 ‡ [27]
Tullahoma Tennessee Arnold Air Force Base Loblolly Pine † April 1976 ‡ [28]
Olympia Washington Washington State Capitol Building Douglas Fir April 1976 ‡ [29]
Albuquerque New Mexico Harry E. Kinney Civic Plaza Douglas Fir † April 7, 1976 [30]
Indianapolis Indiana Indiana Statehouse Sycamore April 9, 1976 [31]
Lansing Michigan Michigan State Capitol Building Sycamore † April 22, 1976 [32]
Wyoming Michigan Wyoming Police Department Sycamore † April 23, 1976 [33]
Niles Michigan Fernwood Botanical Gardens and Nature Preserve Sycamore April 23, 1976 [34]
Salt Lake City Utah Utah State Capitol Building Douglas Fir † April 28, 1976 [35]
Flagstaff Arizona Frances Short Pond, formerly Flagstaff Junior High School Douglas Fir † April 30, 1976 [36]
Tucson Arizona Kuiper Space Sciences Building,University of Arizona Sycamore April 30, 1976 [37]
Des Moines Iowa Iowa State Capitol Building Sycamore April 30, 1976 [38]
Middletown Pennsylvania Core Creek Park Sycamore April 30, 1976 [39]
Salem Oregon Oregon State Capitol Building Douglas Fir April 30, 1976 [40]
Hampton Virginia Albert W. Patrick III, Elementary School Sycamore April 30, 1976 [41]
Arcata California California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt 3 Redwoods May 1976 ‡ [42]
Athens Georgia Athens-Clarke County Planning Department Loblolly Pine May 1976 ‡ [43]
Lincoln City Indiana Lincoln State Park Sycamore May 1, 1976 [44]
Roseburg Oregon Roseburg Veteran Affairs Medical Center Douglas Fir May 3, 1976 [45]
Hollidaysburg Pennsylvania Highland Hall Sycamore May 5, 1976 [46]
Boise Idaho Idaho State Capitol Building Douglas Fir † May 7, 1976 [47]
Capitan New Mexico Smokey Bear State Park Sycamore † May 15, 1976 [48]
Topton Pennsylvania Borough Hall Sycamore June 20, 1976 [49]
Cape Canaveral Florida Kennedy Space Center Sycamore † June 25, 1976 [50]
Ebensburg Pennsylvania Cambria County Courthouse Sycamore June 29, 1976 [51]
King of Prussia Pennsylvania Lockheed Martin Space Systems Building Sycamore June 30, 1976 [52]
Missoula Montana University Center Mall,University of Montana Douglas Fir July 17, 1976 [53]
New Orleans Louisiana NASA Michoud Assembly Facility Loblolly Pine † July 20, 1976 [54]
Santa Fe New Mexico New Mexico State Capitol Building Douglas Fir July 22, 1976 [55]
Atchison Kansas International Forest of Friendship Sycamore July 24, 1976 [56]
Berkeley California Northwest area of Tilden Nature Area 2 Redwoods July 26, 1976 [57]
Monterey California Friendly Plaza, nearColton Hall Redwood July 27, 1976 [58]
Steubenville Ohio Friendship Park Sycamore July 29, 1976 [59]
San Luis Obispo California Mission Plaza Redwood July 30, 1976 [60]
Troy Alabama Pioneer Museum of Alabama Loblolly Pine August 5, 1976 [61]
Silver City New Mexico Gough Park Sycamore August 14, 1976 [62]
Alamogordo New Mexico New Mexico Museum of Space History Sycamore † October 5, 1976 [63]
Brevard North Carolina Cradle of Forestry,Pisgah National Forest Sycamore October 18, 1976 [64]
Tuscumbia Alabama Ivy Green,historic monument and birthplace ofHelen Keller Loblolly Pine October 19, 1976 [65]
Auburn Alabama G.W. Andrews Forestry Sciences Lab,Auburn University Loblolly Pine † October 22, 1976 [66]
Huntsville Alabama U.S. Space and Rocket Center 5 Sycamores, 2 Pines * October 29, 1976 [67]
Tuskegee Alabama Veteran Affairs Hospital (CAVHCS) Loblolly Pine † 1976 ‡ [21]
Sacramento California California State Capitol Building Redwood April 21, 1976 [68]
El Dorado Hills California St. Stephen's Lutheran Church Redwood † 1976 ‡ [69]
Tallahassee Florida Florida Department of Agriculture Loblolly Pine 1976 ‡ [70]
Waycross Georgia Okefenokee Regional Educational Service Agency Loblolly Pine 1976 ‡ [71]
Cannelton Indiana Girl Scouts Camp Koch Sycamore 1976 ‡ [52]
Tell City Indiana Hoosier National Forest Service Office 2 Sweetgums 1976 ‡ [72]
Monmouth New Jersey Monmouth County Courthouse Sycamore † 1976 ‡ [73]
Clyde North Carolina Disc Golf Course,Haywood Community College Sycamore 1976 ‡ [74]
Draper Utah Lone Peak Conservation Center Sycamore 1976 ‡ [75]
Columbus Ohio Franklin Park Conservatory Sycamore † 1976 ‡ [76]
Corvallis Oregon Peavy Hall,Oregon State University Douglas Fir 1976 ‡ [77]
Cave Junction Oregon Siskiyou Smokejumper Base,Illinois Valley Airport Douglas Fir † 1976 ‡ [78]
Eugene Oregon Erb Memorial Union,University of Oregon Douglas Fir 1976 ‡ [79]
Doswell Virginia Kings Dominion Amusement Park 2 Sycamores (1 dead) 1976 ‡ [80]
Washington, D.C. District of Columbia Rose Garden,White House Loblolly Pine † January 19, 1977 [81]
San Dimas California San Dimas Technology and Development Center Redwood March 29, 1977 [82]
Gainesville Florida University of Florida Sycamore 1977 ‡ [83]
Boise Idaho Lowell Elementary School Loblolly Pine 1977 ‡ [84]
Greenbelt Maryland Goddard Space Flight Center Sycamore June 9, 1977 [85]
Perry Florida Forest Capital Museum State Park Loblolly Pine April 29, 1978 [86]
Hamilton Virginia Scott Jenkins Memorial Park Sweetgum September 1978 ‡ [87]
Westlake Texas Private Residence Sycamore 1978 ‡ [88]
Lockeford California Lockeford Plant Materials Center Redwood 1979 ‡ [89]
Dillsburg Pennsylvania Dillsburg Elementary School Sycamore April 29, 1983 [90]
New Orleans Louisiana New Orleans River Walk Loblolly Pine † June 1983 ‡ [23]
Holliston Massachusetts Holliston Police Station Sycamore 1982 ‡ [91]
Keystone Heights Florida Keystone Heights Library Sycamore 1984 ‡ [92]
Plano Texas Plano Senior High School Sycamore † November 4, 2009 [93]
Tallahassee Florida Cascades Park Sycamore Unknown‡ [94]
Moscow Idaho Administration Building,University of Idaho Sycamore † Unknown‡ [95]
Waynesboro Mississippi Forestry Commission Nursery Sycamore Unknown‡ [88]
DeSoto Missouri Walthers Park Sycamore Unknown‡ [96]
Elkton Oregon D.L. Phipps State Forest Nursery Douglas Fir Unknown‡ [97]
Coudersport Pennsylvania Coudersport Area Recreational Park Sycamore Unknown‡ [98]
Piedmont South Carolina Private Residence Sycamore Unknown‡ [99]

Other countries[edit]

City Country Location Species Date planted Ref.
Brasília Brazil Institute for Environment and Natural Renewable Resources Sweetgum January 14, 1980 [100]
Santa Rosa Brazil Soybean Fairgrounds, Parque Municipal de Exposições Redwood August 18, 1981 [101]
Cambará do Sul Brazil St. Joseph Central Square Redwood September 26, 1982 [102]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  6. ^abWe Almost Forgot About the Moon Trees: A collection of tree seeds that went round and round the moon was scattered far and wide back home,by Marina Koren. The seeds orbited the Moon, but were not landed on it.The Atlantic,January 31, 2022.
  7. ^The Mystery of the Missing Moon Trees:15 years after NASA astronomer David Williams started searching for them, hundreds of trees grown from space-faring seeds are still missing. The moon trees, whose seeds circled the moon 34 times in Apollo 14 astronaut Stuart Roosa‘s pocket, were welcomed back to Earth with great fanfare in 1971. February 10, 2011, wired.
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External links[edit]

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