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Moscow State University

Coordinates:55°42′14″N37°31′43″E/ 55.7039°N 37.5286°E/55.7039; 37.5286
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M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова
Moscow State University Main Building
Latin:Universitas Moscuensis
Motto
Наука есть ясное познание истины, просвещение разума
Motto in English
Science is clear knowledge of the truth, enlightenment of the mind
Scientia est clara cognitio veritatis, illustratio mentis (Latin)
TypePublicresearch university
Established23 January 1755;269 years ago(1755-01-23)
RectorViktor Sadovnichiy
Academic staff
5,000
Students47,000
Undergraduates40,000
Postgraduates7,000
(estimate)
Location
Moscow
,
Russia

55°42′14″N37°31′43″E/ 55.7039°N 37.5286°E/55.7039; 37.5286
CampusUrban
LanguageRussian
Colors
AffiliationsAssociation of Professional Schools of International Affairs(cancelled in 2022)
Institutional Network of the Universities from the Capitals of Europe(suspended in 2022)
International Forum of Public Universities
Websitemsu.ru/en/
Building details
Moscow State University is located in Moscow
Moscow State University
Location within Moscow
General information
Completed1953
Height
Architectural240 m (787 ft)
Top floor214 m (702 ft)[1]
Technical details
Floor count42
Floor area1,000,000 m2(10,763,910.417 sq ft)

Moscow State University(MSU;Russian:Московский государственный университет,romanized:Moskovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet) is apublicresearch universityinMoscow,Russia.[2]

The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches (including five foreign ones in theCommonwealth of Independent Statescountries). Alumni of the university include past leaders of theSoviet Unionand other governments. As of 2019, 13Nobel laureates,sixFields Medalwinners, and oneTuring Awardwinner were affiliated with the university.

The full official name isM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University(MSU;Russian:Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова,romanized:Moskovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet imeni M. V. Lomonosova)

History[edit]

Imperial Moscow University[edit]

Main article:Imperial Moscow University
The Principal Medicine Store building on Red Square that housed Moscow University from 1755 to 1787

Ivan ShuvalovandMikhail Lomonosovpromoted the idea of a university in Moscow, andRussian Empress Elizabethdecreed its establishment on 23 January [O.S.12 January] 1755.

The first lectures were given on 7 May [O.S.26 April].Saint Petersburg State Universityand MSU each claim to be Russia's oldest university. Though Moscow State University was founded in 1755, St. Petersburg which has had a continuous existence as a "university" since 1819 sees itself as the successor of an academy established on in 1724, by a decree ofPeter the Great.[citation needed]

MSU originally occupied thePrincipal Medicine StoreonRed Squarefrom 1755 to 1787.Catherine the Greattransferred the university to a building on the other side of Mokhovaya Street, constructed between 1782 and 1793, to a design byMatvei Kazakov,and rebuilt byDomenico Giliardiafterfire consumed much of Moscow in 1812.[citation needed]

Main buildings of the university in Mokhovaya Street, 1798

In the 18th century, the university had three departments: philosophy, medicine, and law. A preparatory college was affiliated with the university until its abolition in 1812. In 1779,Mikhail Kheraskovfounded a boarding school for noblemen (Благородный пансион) which in 1830 became agymnasiumforRussian nobility.Theuniversity press,run byNikolay Novikovin the 1780s, published the newspaper in Imperial Russia:Moskovskie Vedomosti.[citation needed]

In 1804, medical education split into clinical (therapy), surgical, andobstetricsfaculties. During 1884–97, the Department of Medicine built a medical campus inDevichye Pole,between theGarden RingandNovodevichy Convent;designed byKonstantin Bykovsky[ru],with university doctors likeNikolay Sklifosovskiyand Fyodor Erismann acting as consultants. The campus, and medical education in general, were separated from Moscow University in 1930. Devichye Pole was operated by the independentI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical Universityand by various other state and private institutions.[citation needed]

The roots of student unrest in the university reach deep into the nineteenth century. In 1905, a social-democratic organization emerged at the university and called for the overthrow of the Czarist government and the establishment of a republic in Russia. Theimperialgovernment repeatedly threatened to close the university. In 1911, in a protest over the introduction of troops onto the campus and mistreatment of certain professors, 130 scientists and professors resigneden masse,includingNikolay Dimitrievich Zelinskiy,Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev,andSergei Alekseevich Chaplygin;thousands of students were expelled.[citation needed]

Moscow State University[edit]

1917–49[edit]

After theOctober Revolutionof 1917, the institution began to admit children of the proletariat and peasantry. In 1919, the university abolished tuition fees, and established a preparatory facility to help working-class children prepare for entrance examinations. During the implementation ofJoseph Stalin'sfirst five-year plan(1928–32), prisoners from theGulagwere forced to construct parts of the newly expanded university.[citation needed]

1950–99[edit]

A 1962 Soviet stamp features Moscow State University.

In 1970, the university imposed a 2% quota on Jewish students.[3]A 2014 article entitled "Math as a tool of anti-semitism" inThe Mathematics Enthusiastdiscussedantisemitismin the Moscow State University's Department of Mathematics during the 1970s and 1980s.[4][5][6]

In the mid-1980s, the Dean of MSU's law faculty was dismissed for taking bribes.[7]After 1991, nine new faculties were established. The following year, the university gained a unique status: it is funded directly from the state budget (bypassing the Ministry of Education).[citation needed]

On 6 September 1997, French electronic musicianJean Michel Jarreused the front of the university as the backdrop for aconcert.The concert attracted a paying crowd of half a million people.[8]

2000–2020[edit]

Students celebrating the 250th anniversary of the university in 2005

In 2007, MSU RectorViktor Sadovnichysaid that corruption in Russia's education system was a "systemic illness," and that he had seen an ad guaranteeing a perfect score on entrance exams to MSU, for a significant fee.[9]

On 19 March 2008, Russia's most powerfulsupercomputerto date, the SKIF MSU (Russian:СКИФ МГУ;skifmeans "Scythian"in Russian) was launched at the university. Its peak performance of 60TFLOPS(LINPACK– 47.170 TFLOPS) made it the fastest supercomputer in theCommonwealth of Independent States.[10][11]

In November 2012, Mikhail Basharatyan, Deputy Dean of the MSU World Economy Department, was fired for taking a bribe from a pupil.[12][13]In February 2013, Andrei Andriyanov resigned as head of theKolmogorovSpecial Educational and Scientific Center of the university, after an investigation concluded that he had included fake references in his doctoral thesis.[14]

2020–present[edit]

Sanctions[edit]

In March 2022, Victor Sadovnichy, rector of Moscow State University and president of the Russian Union of Rectors, was the lead signature in a public statement endorsing the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[15][16]In reaction,Academia Europaea,a pan-European academy, suspended the membership of Sadovnichy.[17]In response to the Russian invasion, that same monthYale University,theHamburg University of Applied Sciences,University of Potsdam,andHKU Business Schoolsuspended their longstanding relationships with the university, and theUniversity of St Andrewssuspended a joint master's degree programme with the university.[18][19][20][21][22]IntelandAMD,the largest chip manufacturers in the world, whose processors are used in the Moscow State Universitysupercomputer,as well asNvidia,reacted by suspending deliveries of their processors to Russia.[23][24]

Campus[edit]

Main article:Main building of Moscow State University
Building of the Faculties of Biology and of Soil Science

Since 1953, most of the faculties have been situated onSparrow Hills,in southwest Moscow. In the post-war era,Joseph Stalinorderedseven tiered neoclassic towersto be built around the city. It was built usingGulaglabour, as were many of Stalin's Great Construction Projects in Russia.[25][26][27]The MSU main building was thetallest building in Europeuntil 1990. The central tower is 240 m tall, 36 stories high.[citation needed]

The university library

Along with the university administration, the Museum of Earth Sciences and faculties ofMechanics and Mathematics,Geology,Geography,and Fine and Performing Arts are in the main building. The building on Mokhovaya Street houses theFaculty of Journalism,theFaculty of Psychology,andInstitute of Asian and African Countries.A number of faculty buildings are located nearManege Squarein the centre of Moscow and a number of campuses abroad inUkraine,Kazakhstan,TajikistanandUzbekistan.[citation needed]TheUlyanovskbranch of MSU was reorganized intoUlyanovsk State Universityin 1996.[28]

Faculties[edit]

RectorViktor Sadovnichiy
The first Humanities Building
As of 2015,the Old Building housed the Department of Oriental studies.

As of 2009, the university had 39 faculties and 15 research centres. A number of small faculties opened, such asFaculty of Physics and ChemistryandHigher School of Television.The full list of faculties is as follows:[29]

Institutions and research centers[edit]

Academic reputation[edit]

University rankings
Global – Overall
ARWUWorld[30]101–150 (2022)
QSWorld[31]75 (2023)
THEWorld[32][33]296 (2022)
USNWRGlobal[34]355 (2023)
Regional – Overall
QSEmerging Europe and Central Asia[35]1 (2022)
The main building in winter

In world rankings, MSU was ranked 101st–150th by theAcademic Ranking of World Universities2022,[36]#75 byQS World University Rankings2023,[37]and #355 byU.S. News & World Report2023.[34]

According to the some international rankings MSU is the highest-ranked Russian university (with the nearest Russian competitor beingSaint Petersburg State University), but it was consistently ranked outside the top 5 nationally in 2010–11 byForbes[38]andRia Novosti/HSE,[39]with both ratings based on data set collected by HSE from RussianUnified State Examscores averaged per all students and faculties of university.[citation needed]

The university has contacts with universities throughout the world, exchanging students and lecturers. It houses theUNESCOInternational Demography Courses and Hydrology Courses. In 1991 the French University College, the Russian-American University, and the Institute of German Science and Culture were opened.[citation needed]

The institution's academic reputation was severely undermined because of its support for thespecial military operationinUkraine[15][16](See:sanctions).

World rankings
2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005
Academic Ranking of World Universities[40] 87th 86th 84th 79th 80th 77th 74th 78th 70th 77th 70th 68th
QS World University Rankings[41] 108th 114th 120th 116th 112th 93rd 101st 183rd 231st 93rd 93rd
Times Higher Education World University Rankings[42] 161st 196th 226–250th 201–225th 214th 296th 237th – – – – –
Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings[43] 30th 25th 51–60th 50th – 33rd – – – – – –
Human Resources & Labor Review(Graduates performance)[40] – 44th 44th 44th 43rd – – –
Academic Ranking of World Universities(Natural Sciences)[40] 51–75th 51–75th 51–75th 51–75th 51–75th 51–75th 53–76th 41st – – –
QS World University Rankings(Natural Sciences)[43] 60th 34th 84th 44th 38th 29th 30th 29th 27th 44th –

Staff and students[edit]

The university employs more than 4,000 academics and 15,000 support staff.[citation needed]Approximately 5,000 researchers work at the university's research institutes and facilities.[44]More than 40,000 undergraduates and 7,000 advanced degree candidates are enrolled.[44]Annually, the university hosts approximately 2,000 students, graduate students, and researchers from around the world.[citation needed]

Notable people[edit]

Main article:List of Moscow State University people
Notable alumni of Moscow State University

As of 2017, 13 Nobel laureates, 6 Fields Medal winners and one Turing Award winner had been affiliated with the university. It is the alma mater of writersAnton Chekhov,Boris Pasternak,andIvan Turgenev;politiciansMikhail Gorbachev,Mikhail Suslov,andRuslan Khasbulatov;and mathematicians and physicistsVladimir Arnold,Boris Demidovich,Vladimir Drinfeld,Vitaly Ginzburg,Andrey Kolmogorov,Grigory Margulis,Andrei Sakharov,andYakov Sinai.

Moscow State University in philately[edit]

Main article:ru:Московский государственный университет § МГУ в филателии
  • Russian and Soviet stamps
  • 1950 postage stamp: the project of the 26-storey building of Moscow State University
    1950 postage stamp:
    the project of the 26-storey building of Moscow State University
  • 1955 postage stamp: the old university building
    1955 postage stamp:
    the old university building
  • 1955 postage stamp: the new university building
    1955 postage stamp:
    the new university building
  • 1957 postage stamp: Moscow Festival of Youth and Students
    1957 postage stamp:
    Moscow Festival of Youth and Students
  • 1958 postage stamp: V Congress of the International Union of Architects
    1958 postage stamp:
    V Congress of theInternational Union of Architects
  • 1958 postage stamp: X Congress of the International Astronomical Union in the new university building
    1958 postage stamp:
    X Congress of theInternational Astronomical Unionin the new university building
  • 2002 postage stamp: 200th anniversary of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation
    2002 postage stamp:
    200th anniversary of theMinistry of Education of the Russian Federation
  • 2005 postage stamp: 250th anniversary of Moscow State University
    2005 postage stamp:
    250th anniversary of Moscow State University

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Where is Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia on Map Lat Long Coordinates".Latlong.net.
  2. ^"Faculty of Physics".M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Faculty of Physics.Archived fromthe originalon 2022-11-04.Retrieved2022-11-04.
  3. ^Barry A. Kosmin."Resentment, Anxiety and Careerism: Accounting for Antisemitism in the Academy and Among the Intelligentsia"(PDF).Isgap.org.Retrieved2022-07-25.
  4. ^Jay Egenhoff (2014)."Math as a tool of anti-semitism".The Mathematics Enthusiast.11(3).Retrieved2022-07-25.
  5. ^Malseed, Mark (May 6, 2013)."The Story of Sergey Brin".Momentmag.
  6. ^Googled: The End of the World as We Know It.Penguin. 2009.ISBN9781101151402.
  7. ^The Emancipation of Soviet Law.Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 1992.ISBN9780792314363.
  8. ^"Mad Max Fury Road: Ten Road Warrior themed world records".Guinness World Records.May 15, 2015.
  9. ^Opening the Red Door: The Inside Story of Russia's First Christian Liberal Arts University.InterVarsity Press. 2019.ISBN9780830865178.
  10. ^"8th edition of the Top 50 list of the most powerful computers in Russia released".Top500.org.TOP500 Supercomputing Sites. 2008-04-16. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-09-27.Retrieved2011-10-29.
  11. ^"ru:В МГУ запустили мощнейший в СНГ компьютер".Km.ru.2008-03-20.Retrieved2016-07-14.
  12. ^"Basharatyan fired from MSU for receiving bribe".en.vestikavkaza.ru.2 November 2012.
  13. ^Times, The Moscow (October 30, 2012)."Professors Caught Taking Hefty Bribe".The Moscow Times.
  14. ^"Scandals Envelop Two Russian Science Officials; Allegations of a falsified dissertation lead to departure of head of special science high school".science.org.
  15. ^ab"MILTA: Russian Colleges are calling for war. Will Yale react?".Yale Daily News.March 15, 2022.
  16. ^ab"Обращение Российского Союза ректоров 04.03.2022".Российский Союз Ректоров.March 4, 2022. Archived fromthe originalon 2022-03-07.
  17. ^"European infrastructures advised to block Russian access".Researchprofessionalnews.March 17, 2022.
  18. ^"Yale Daily News: What Does the Future Hold for Russian Studies at Yale? | Russian, East European, & Eurasian Studies at Yale".Reees.macmillan.yale.edu.
  19. ^"Exchange Partners | Undergraduate – FBE – HKU".ug.hkubs.hku.hk.
  20. ^Kampfner, Constance."Scottish universities' Russian links come under urgent review".Thetimes.co.uk.
  21. ^"Solidarity with Ukraine / Tolerance on our international campus"(PDF).Hasw-hamburg.de.Retrieved2022-07-25.
  22. ^Brodersen, Dr Phil Silke."University Partnerships".Uni-potsdam.de.
  23. ^"AMD and Intel have suspended deliveries of their products to Russia – RBC".Time.news.February 26, 2022.
  24. ^"What are the supercomputers of Sberbank, Yandex and MTS, the operation of which will be affected by the ban on NVIDIA software".Gadgetonus.July 2022.
  25. ^Figes, O. (2013) 'Just Send Me Word – A True Story of Love and Survival in the Gulag' p. 192, Penguin Books: London.
  26. ^Stalinist Reconstruction and the Confirmation of a New Elite, 1945–1953.Springer. 2001.ISBN9781403919458.
  27. ^Stalinism: Russian and Western Views at the Turn of the Millennium.Psychology Press. 2005.ISBN9780415351089.
  28. ^"Ulyanovsk state university, Fee structure 2022 Ulyanovsk State Medical University Admission".December 1, 2021.
  29. ^"Подразделения МГУ".Msu.ru.
  30. ^"Moscow State University – Shanghai Ranking".Shanghai Ranking.
  31. ^"Top Universities".Top Universities.
  32. ^"M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University".Usnews.Retrieved2022-07-25.
  33. ^"World University Rankings".insidehighered.2019.
  34. ^abhttps:// usnews /education/best-global-universities/lomonosov-moscow-state-university-500445
  35. ^"QS World University Rankings-Emerging Europe & Central Asia".Retrieved15 January2023.
  36. ^"Moscow State University – Shanghai Ranking".shanghairanking.Retrieved2022-12-03.
  37. ^"Lomonosov Moscow State University".Top Universities.Retrieved2022-12-03.
  38. ^Самые сильные университеты России. Таблица.Forbes.ru.(2010) Retrieved on 2011-10-29.
  39. ^Рейтинг качества приема в российские государственные вузы–2010 | Все рейтинги | Лента новостей "РИА Новости".RIA Novosti (2011-02-28). Retrieved on 2011-10-29.
  40. ^abcMoscow State UniversityArchived2015-09-18 at theWayback Machine.Shanghairanking.
  41. ^Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityArchivedOctober 2, 2011, at theWayback Machine,Lomonosov Moscow State University.Topuniversities. Retrieved on 2011-10-29.
  42. ^Top 200 – The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2010–2011.Timeshighereducation.co.uk. Retrieved on 2011-10-29.
  43. ^ab"World Reputation Rankings".Times Higher Education (THE).April 13, 2015.
  44. ^ab"About MSU".journ.msu.ru.

External links[edit]

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