Movima language
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Movima | |
---|---|
Chosineɬ di' mowi:maj[1] | |
Native to | Bolivia |
Region | Beni Department |
Ethnicity | Movima people |
Native speakers | 1,000 (2012)[2] |
Official status | |
Official language in | Bolivia[3] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | mzp |
Glottolog | movi1243 |
ELP | Movima |
Map of indigenous groups in Bolivia, with Movima in light green | |
Movimais a language that is spoken by about 1,400 (nearly half) of theMovima,a group of Native Americans that resides in theLlanos de Moxosregion of theBolivianAmazon, in northeastern Bolivia. It is considered alanguage isolate,as it has not been proven to be related to any other language.
Locations
[edit]Movima is spoken in the locations of 18 de Noviembre, 20 de Enero, Bella Flor, Buen Día, Carmen de Iruyañez, Carnavales, Ipimo, Miraflores, Navidad, San Lorenzo, and the town ofSanta Ana del Yacuma.[2]The Movima community reported that there are approximately 500 adult speakers as of 2012.[4]: 807
Phonology
[edit]Movima has fivevowels:
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Mid | e | o | |
Open | a |
/e/and/o/more closely resemble[ɛ]and[ɔ],respectively, than theclose-mid vowels[e]and[o].Vowels have a phonemic length distinction, although some prosodic processes can lengthen otherwise short vowels. Movima does not havetone.[5]
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
central | lateral | plain | lab. | |||||
Nasal | m | n | ||||||
Stop | pulmonic | p | t | tʃ | k(ɡ) | kʷ | (ʔ) | |
implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ||||||
Fricative | (f)β | s | ɬ | h | ||||
Approximant | l | j | w | jˀ | ||||
Trill | r |
The plosive/p/is realized as[p]in the syllable onset but as[pʔᵐ](which contrasts with the simple nasal phoneme/m/) in the coda. Similarly,/t/and/k/are realized as[tʔⁿ]and[ʔɤ](i.e., as aglottal stopwith a vocalic release), respectively, in the syllable coda.[1]In vowel-initial words and between adjacent vowels, an epenthetic glottal stop appears.
The phonemes/f/and/ɡ/are only present inSpanishloanwords.
Morphology
[edit]In Movima,compoundingandincorporationare productivederivationalprocesses.Reduplicationandaffixation,including some processes (such as theirrealismarker(k)a') that resembleinfixation,are also common. Typical examples ofinflection,such asnumber,case,tense,mood,andaspect,are not obligatorily marked in Movima.[1]Many derivational processes can be applied to a single Movima word. The same morpheme may appear multiple times in one word this way, for instance,tikoy-na-poj-na"I make X kill Y."
Vocabulary
[edit]Loukotka(1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[6]
gloss Movima one sotaru two oira three taxra tooth söichlan tongue rulkua hand chopa woman kukya water tomi fire vé moon yekcho maize kuaxta jaguar rulrul house roya
Further vocabulary:
gloss Movima to sit as to stand en to come jiwa dust vuskwa Movima mowi:maj language chonsineɬ of di'
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Judy, R. A.; Judy, J. (1962). Movima y castellano. (Vocabularios Bolivianos, 1). Vocabularios Bolivianos. Cochabamba: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
References
[edit]- ^abcKatharina Haude (2006)."A grammar of Movima"(PDF).Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen.Retrieved2008-10-22.
- ^abMovimaatEthnologue(25th ed., 2022)
- ^"Constitution of Bolivia, Article 5. I."(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2009-05-21.
- ^Epps, Patience; Michael, Lev, eds. (2023).Amazonian Languages: Language Isolates. Volume II: Kanoé to Yurakaré.Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.ISBN978-3-11-043273-2.
- ^"WALS – Movima".World Atlas of Language Structures Online.Retrieved2008-10-24.
- ^Loukotka, Čestmír(1968).Classification of South American Indian languages.Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
External links
[edit]- World Atlas of Language Structures information on Movima
- Lenguas de Bolivia(online edition)
- Movima(Intercontinental Dictionary Series)
- Movima DoReCo corpuscompiled by Katharina Haude. Audio recordings of narrative texts with transcriptions time-aligned at the phone level, translations, and time-aligned morphological annotations.