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Coordinates:35°21′39″N138°43′39″E/ 35.36083°N 138.72750°E/35.36083; 138.72750
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Mount Fuji
Mount Fuji seen fromŌwakudani
Highest point
Prominence3,776 m (12,388 ft)[1]
Ranked 35th
Listing
Coordinates35°21′39″N138°43′39″E/ 35.36083°N 138.72750°E/35.36083; 138.72750[2]
Naming
Native nameNúi Phú Sĩ(Japanese)
Pronunciation[ɸɯꜜ(d)ʑisaɴ]
Geography
Mount Fuji is located in Japan
Mount Fuji
Mount Fuji
Location of Mount Fuji in Japan
Mount Fuji is located in Shizuoka Prefecture
Mount Fuji
Mount Fuji
Mount Fuji (Shizuoka Prefecture)
LocationFuji-Hakone-Izu National Park
CountryJapan
PrefecturesShizuokaandYamanashi
MunicipalitiesFuji,Fujinomiya,Fujiyoshida,Gotemba,NarusawaandOyama
Topo mapGeospatial Information Authority25000:1Núi Phú Sĩ[3]
50000:1Núi Phú Sĩ
Geology
Age of rock100,000 years
Mountain typeStratovolcano
Last eruption1707–08
Climbing
First ascent663 byEn no Odzunu( dịch hành giả, En no gyoja, En no Odzuno)
Easiest routeHiking
Official nameFujisan, sacred place and source of artistic inspiration
CriteriaCultural: iii, vi
Reference1418
Inscription2013 (37thSession)
Area20,702.1 ha
Buffer zone49,627.7 ha
Mount Fuji
"Mt. Fuji" inkanji
Japanese name
KanjiNúi Phú Sĩ
Hiraganaふじさん
Transcriptions
Revised HepburnFujisan
Kunrei-shikiHuzisan

Mount Fuji(Núi Phú Sĩ,Fujisan,Japanese:[ɸɯꜜ(d)ʑisaɴ]ⓘ)is an activestratovolcanolocated on theJapaneseisland ofHonshu,with a summit elevation of 3,776.24 m (12,389 ft 3 in). It is the tallest mountain in Japan, the second-highestvolcanolocated on an island in Asia (afterMount Kerincion theIndonesianisland ofSumatra), andseventh-highest peak of an islandon Earth.[1]Mount Fujilast erupted from 1707 to 1708.[4][5]The mountain is located about 100 km (62 mi) southwest ofTokyoand is visible from the Japanese capital on clear days. Mount Fuji's exceptionally symmetrical cone, which iscovered in snowfor about five months of the year, is commonly used as acultural iconof Japan and is frequently depicted in art and photography, as well as visited by sightseers, hikers and mountain climbers.[6]

Mount Fuji is one of Japan's "Three Holy Mountains"(Tam linh sơn,Sanreizan)along withMount TateandMount Haku.It is aSpecial Place of Scenic Beautyand one of Japan'sHistoric Sites.[7]It was added to theWorld Heritage Listas a Cultural Site on June 22, 2013.[7]According toUNESCO,Mount Fuji has "inspired artists and poets and been the object of pilgrimage for centuries". UNESCO recognizes 25 sites of cultural interest within the Mount Fuji locality. These 25 locations include the mountain and the Shinto shrine,Fujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha.[8]

Etymology

Further information:wikt: Phú sĩ § Etymology 3

The currentkanjifor Mount Fuji,PhúandSĩ,mean "wealth" or "abundant" and "man of status" respectively. However, the origins of this spelling and of the nameFujicontinue to be debated.

A text of the 9th century,Tale of the Bamboo Cutter,says that the name came from "immortal"(Bất tử,fushi, fuji)and also from the image of abundant(Phú,fu)soldiers(Sĩ,shi, ji)[note 1]ascending the slopes of the mountain.[9]An earlyfolk etymologyclaims thatFujicame fromNhư một(not+two), meaningwithout equalornonpareil.Another claims that it came fromBất tận(not+to exhaust), meaningnever-ending.

Hirata Atsutane,a Japanese classical scholar in theEdo period,speculated that the name is from a word meaning "a mountain standing up shapely as an ear(Tuệ,ho)of a rice plant ". British missionaryJohn Batchelor(1855–1944) argued that the name is from theAinuword for "fire" (fuchi) of the fire deityKamui Fuchi,which was denied by a Japanese linguistKyōsuke Kindaichion the grounds of phonetic development (sound change). It is also pointed out thathuchimeans an "old woman" andapeis the word for "fire",ape huchi kamuybeing the fire deity. Research on the distribution of place names that includefujias a part also suggest the origin of the wordfujiis in theYamatolanguage rather than Ainu. JapanesetoponymistKanji Kagami argued that the name has the same root aswisteria(Đằng,fuji)and rainbow(Hồng,niji,but with an alternative reading,fuji),and came from its "long well-shaped slope".[10][11][12][13]

Aerial panorama of Mount Fuji from Lake Saiko, June 2023
Aerial panorama of Mount Fuji with Saiko Iyashi-no-Sato Nenba in the foreground, June 2023

Modern linguistAlexander Vovinproposes an alternative hypothesis based on Old Japanese reading*/puⁿzi/:the word may have been borrowed fromEastern Old Japanese*/punusi/Người gây nên hoả hoạn, meaning "fire master".[14]

Variations

In English, the mountain is known as Mount Fuji. Some sources refer to it as "Fuji-san", "Fujiyama" or, redundantly, "Mt. Fujiyama". Japanese speakers refer to the mountain as "Fuji-san". This "san" is not thehonorific suffixused with people's names, such as Watanabe-san, but theSino-Japanese readingof the characteryama(Sơn,"mountain" )used inSino-Japanesecompounds. InNihon-shikiandKunrei-shiki romanization,the name is transliterated asHuzi.

Other Japanese names which have become obsolete or poetic includeFuji-no-Yama(ふじ の sơn,"the Mountain of Fuji" ),Fuji-no-Takane(ふじ の cao lãnh,"the High Peak of Fuji" ),Fuyō-hō(Phù dung phong,"the Lotus Peak" ),andFugaku(Phú nhạc ／ phú nhạc),created by combining the first character ofPhú sĩ,Fuji,andNhạc,mountain.[15]

History

Fine Wind, Clear Morningwoodblock print byHokusai,19th century
Mount Fuji from Omiya,c. 1890

Mount Fuji is an attractivevolcanic coneand has been a frequent subject ofJapanese artespecially after 1600, whenEdo(now Tokyo) became the capital and people saw the mountain while traveling on theTōkaidōroad. According to the historianH. Byron Earhart,"in medieval times it eventually came to be seen by Japanese as the" number one "mountain of the known world of the three countries of India, China, and Japan".[16]The mountain is mentioned in Japanese literature throughout the ages and is the subject of many poems.[17]

The summit has been thought of as sacred since ancient times and was therefore forbidden to women. It was not until 1872 that the Japanese government issued an edict (May 4, 1872, Grand Council of State Edict 98) stating, "Any remaining practices of female exclusion on shrine and temple lands shall be immediately abolished, and mountain climbing for the purpose of worship, etc., shall be permitted."[18]Tatsu Takayama, a Japanese woman, became the first woman on record to summit Mount Fuji in the fall of 1832.[19][20][21]

Ancient samurai used the base of the mountain as a remote training area, near the present-day town ofGotemba.TheshōgunMinamoto no Yoritomoheldyabusamearchery contests in the area in the earlyKamakura period.

The first ascent by a foreigner was by SirRutherford Alcockin September 1860, who ascended the mountain in 8 hours and descended in 3 hours.[22]: 427 Alcock's brief narrative inThe Capital of the Tycoonwas the first widely disseminated description of the mountain in the West.[22]: 421–27 Lady Fanny Parkes, the wife of British ambassador SirHarry Parkes,was the first non-Japanese woman to ascend Mount Fuji, in 1867.[23]PhotographerFelix Beatoclimbed Mount Fuji two years later.[24]

On March 5, 1966,BOAC Flight 911,aBoeing 707,broke up in flight and crashed near the Mount Fuji Gotemba New fifth station, shortly after departure fromTokyo International Airport.All 113 passengers and 11 crew members died in the disaster, which was attributed to the extremeclear-air turbulencecaused bylee wavesdownwind of the mountain. There is a memorial for the crash victims a short distance down from the Gotemba New fifth station.[25]

Today, Mount Fuji is an international destination for tourism andmountain climbing.[26][27]In the early 20th century, populist educatorFrederick Starr'sChautauqualectures about his several ascents of Mount Fuji— in 1913, 1919, and 1923—were widely known in America.[28]A well-known Japanese saying suggests that a wise person will climb Mt. Fuji once in their lifetime, but only a fool would climb it twice.[29][30]It remains a popular symbol in Japanese culture, including making numerous movie appearances,[31]inspiring theInfinitilogo,[32]and even appearing in medicine with theMount Fuji sign.[33][34]

In September 2004, the staffed weather station at the summit was closed after 72 years in operation. Observers monitored radar sweeps that detected typhoons and heavy rains. The station, which was the highest in Japan at 3,780 m (12,402 ft), was replaced by a fully automated meteorological system.[35]

Mount Fuji was added to theWorld Heritage Listas a Cultural Site on June 22, 2013.[7]

Geography

Mount Fuji as seen from the air and from the window of a bullet train, 2014
Fuji in early summer seen from theInternational Space Station(May 2001)

Mount Fuji is a very distinctive feature of thegeography of Japan.It stands 3,776.24 m (12,389 ft) tall and is located near the Pacific coast of centralHonshu,just southwest ofTokyo.It straddles the boundary ofShizuokaandYamanashiprefectures.Four small cities surround it -Gotembato the east,Fujiyoshidato the north,Fujinomiyato the southwest, andFujito the south - as well as several towns and villages in the area. It is surrounded byfive lakes:Lake Kawaguchi,Lake Yamanaka,Lake Sai,Lake MotosuandLake Shōji.[36]They, and nearbyLake AshiinKanagawa Prefecture,provide expansive views of the mountain. The mountain is part of theFuji-Hakone-Izu National Park.It can be seen more distantly from Yokohama, Tokyo, and sometimes as far asChiba,Saitama,Tochigi,IbarakiandLake Hamanawhen the sky is clear. It has been photographed from space during a space shuttle mission.[37]

Climate

The summit of Mount Fuji has a tundra climate (Köppen climate classificationET). The temperature is very low at the high altitude, and the cone is covered by snow for several months of the year. The lowest recorded temperature is −38.0 °C (−36.4 °F) recorded in February 1981, and the highest temperature was 17.8 °C (64.0 °F) recorded in August 1942.

Climate data for Mt. Fuji (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1932–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) −1.7
(28.9) 		0.0
(32.0) 		1.0
(33.8) 		4.7
(40.5) 		12.2
(54.0) 		12.3
(54.1) 		17.4
(63.3) 		17.8
(64.0) 		16.3
(61.3) 		14.0
(57.2) 		6.9
(44.4) 		3.6
(38.5) 		17.8
(64.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −15.3
(4.5) 		−14.3
(6.3) 		−10.9
(12.4) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		4.0
(39.2) 		8.0
(46.4) 		9.5
(49.1) 		6.5
(43.7) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		−12.2
(10.0) 		−3.0
(26.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −18.2
(−0.8) 		−17.4
(0.7) 		−14.1
(6.6) 		−8.8
(16.2) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		1.4
(34.5) 		5.3
(41.5) 		6.4
(43.5) 		3.5
(38.3) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		−8.7
(16.3) 		−15.1
(4.8) 		−5.9
(21.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −21.4
(−6.5) 		−21.1
(−6.0) 		−17.7
(0.1) 		−12.2
(10.0) 		−6.3
(20.7) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		2.8
(37.0) 		3.8
(38.8) 		0.6
(33.1) 		−5.1
(22.8) 		−11.8
(10.8) 		−18.3
(−0.9) 		−9.0
(15.8)
Record low °C (°F) −37.3
(−35.1) 		−38.0
(−36.4) 		−33.9
(−29.0) 		−27.8
(−18.0) 		−18.9
(−2.0) 		−13.1
(8.4) 		−6.9
(19.6) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		−10.8
(12.6) 		−19.5
(−3.1) 		−28.1
(−18.6) 		−33.0
(−27.4) 		−38.0
(−36.4)
Averagerelative humidity(%) 53 56 61 63 60 70 79 75 67 53 52 52 62
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[38]

Geology

Further information:Historic eruptions of Mount Fuji,List of volcanoes in Japan,andTriple junction
Relief map and animation realized withSRTMdata
Geological cross-section of Fuji volcano.Key:N2=Tertiarysedimentary rocks;αN2= Tertiary volcanic rocks; αQ1=Komitake volcano;α-δQ1=Ashitaka volcano;βQ2= Older Fuji volcano; αβQ2= Younger Fuji volcano.[39]

Mount Fuji is located at atriple junctiontrenchwhere theAmurian Plate,Okhotsk Plate,andPhilippine Sea Platemeet.[40][41]These three plates form the western part of Japan, the eastern part of Japan, and theIzu Peninsularespectively.[42]ThePacific Plateis beingsubductedbeneath these plates, resulting in volcanic activity. Mount Fuji is also located near threeisland arcs:theSouthwestern Japan Arc,theNortheastern Japan Arc,and theIzu-Bonin-Mariana Arc.[42]The Fuji triple junction is only 400 kilometres (250 mi) from theBoso Triple Junction.

Fuji's main crater is 780 m (2,560 ft) in diameter and 240 m (790 ft) deep. The bottom of the crater is 100–130 m (330–430 ft) in diameter. Slope angles from the crater to a distance of 1.5–2 km (0.93–1.24 mi) are 31°–35°, theangle of reposefor dry gravel. Beyond this distance, slope angles are about 27°, which is caused by an increase inscoria.Mid-flank slope angles decrease from 23° to less than 10° in thepiedmont.[42]

Craterwith theEight Sacred Peaks(Hasshin-po)

Scientists have identified four distinct phases of volcanic activity in the formation of Mount Fuji. The first phase, calledSen-komitake,is composed of anandesitecore recently discovered deep within the mountain.Sen-komitakewas followed by the "KomitakeFuji ", abasaltlayer believed to be formed several hundred thousand years ago. Approximately 100,000 years ago, "Old Fuji" was formed over the top ofKomitakeFuji. The modern, "New Fuji" is believed to have formed over the top of Old Fuji around 10,000 years ago.[43]

Pre-Komitake started erupting in theMiddle Pleistocenein an areaseven km (4+1⁄2mi) north of Mount Fuji. After a relatively short pause, eruptions began again which formed Komitake Volcano in the same location. These eruptions ended 100,000 years ago. Ashitake Volcano was active from 400,000 to 100,000 years ago and is located 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Mount Fuji. Mount Fuji started erupting 100,000 years ago, with Ko-Fuji (old-Fuji) forming 100,000 to 17,000 years ago, but which is now almost completely buried. A largelandslideon the southwest flank occurred about 18,000 years ago. Shin-Fuji (new-Fuji) eruptions in the form oflava,lapilliandvolcanic ash,have occurred between 17,000 and 8,000 years ago, between 7,000 and 3,500 years ago, and between 4,000 and 2,000 years ago. Flank eruptions, mostly in the form of parasiticcinder cones,ceased in 1707. The largest cone,Omuro-Yama,is one of more than 100 cones aligned NW-SE and NE-SW through the summit. Mt. Fuji also has more than 70lava tunnelsand extensive lava tree molds. Two large landslides are at the head of the Yoshida-Osawa and Osawa-Kuzure valleys.[42]

As of December 2002,the volcano is classified as active with a low risk of eruption. The last recorded eruption was theHōei eruptionwhich started on December 16, 1707 (Hōei4, 23rd day of the 11th month), and ended about January 1, 1708 (Hōei 4, 9th day of the 12th month).[44]The eruption formed a newcraterand a second peak, namedMount Hōei,halfway down its southeastern side. Fuji spewed cinders and ash which fell like rain inIzu,Kai,Sagami,andMusashi.[45]Since then, there have been no signs of an eruption. However, on the evening of March 15, 2011, there was amagnitude6.2 earthquake at shallow depth a few kilometres from Mount Fuji on its southern side.

Recorded eruptions

About 11,000 years ago, a large amount of lava began to erupt from the west side of the top of the ancient Fuji mountain. This lava formed the new Fuji which is the main body of Mount Fuji. Since then, the tops of the ancient Fuji and the new Fuji are side by side. About 2,500–2,800 years ago, the top part of ancient Fuji caused a large-scale landslide due to weathering, and finally, only the top of Shin-Fuji remained. There are ten known eruptions that can be traced to reliable records.[46][47]

Date(s) Notes Ref.
July 31, 781 The eruption was recorded in theShoku Nihongiand it was noted that "ash fell", but there are no other details. [48]
April 11 – May 15, 800
February 13, 802 		TheNihon Kiryakustates that during the first phase, the skies were dark even during the daytime. The second phase is known from theNippon Kiseki,which notes that gravel fell like hail. [49]
June–September 864
December 865 – January 866 		Both phases were recorded in theNihon Sandai Jitsuroku.This eruption created three of theFuji Five Lakes:Motosu,Shōji,andSaiko,from a single lake that became separated by lava flow. [50]
November 937 This was recorded in theNihon Kiryaku. [51]
March 999 It is noted in theHonchō Seikithat news of an eruption was brought to Kyoto, but no other details are known. [52]
January 1033 According to theNihon Kiryaku,news of this eruption was brought to Kyoto two months later. [53]
April 17, 1083 The only contemporary recording of this was written by a Buddhist monk and can be found in theFusō Ryakuki.Later writings indicate that the sound of the eruption may have been heard in Kyoto. [54]
between January 30, 1435 and January 18, 1436 A record of this appears in theŌdaiki,a chronicle kept by the monks atKubo Hachiman ShrineinYamanashi Cityand it states that a flame was visible on Mount Fuji. As there is no mention of smoke, this appears to have been aHawaiian eruption(lava only). [55]
August 1511 TheKatsuyamaki(orMyōhōjiki), written by monks at Myōhō-ji inFujikawaguchiko,indicates that there was a fire on Mount Fuji at this time, but as there is no vegetation at the described location, this was almost certainly a lava flow. [56]
December 16, 1707 TheHōei eruption [44]

Current eruptive danger

Following the2011 Tōhoku earthquake,there was speculation in the media that the shock may induce volcanic unrest at Mount Fuji. In September 2012, mathematical models created by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NRIESDP) suggested that the pressure in Mount Fuji'smagma chambercould be 1.6megapascalshigher than it was before its last eruption in 1707. This was interpreted by some media outlets to mean that an eruption of Mount Fuji could be imminent.[57]However, since there is no known method of directly measuring the pressure of a volcano's magma chamber, indirect calculations of the type used by NRIESDP are speculative and unverifiable. Other indicators suggestive of heightened eruptive danger, such as activefumarolesand recently discoveredfaults,are typical occurrences at this type of volcano.[58]

Eruption fears continued into the 2020s. In 2021, a new hazard map was created to help residents plan for evacuation, stoking fears because of its increased estimate of lava flow and additional vents.[59]Soon afterwards, a 4.8 magnitude earthquake hit the area, sending the phrase "Mt Fuji eruption" trending onTwitter.[60]However, the Japan Meteorological Agency assured the public the earthquake did not increase the eruption risk. In 2023, a new evacuation plan was developed to account for the 2021 hazard map update.[61]

Aokigahara forest

Aokigahara forest with Mount Fuji and Mount Ashiwada

The forest at the northwest base of the mountain is namedAokigahara.Folk tales and legends tell of ghosts, demons,YūreiandYōkaihaunting the forest, and in the 19th century, Aokigahara was one of many places poor families abandoned the very young and elderly.[62]Approximately 30 suicides have been counted yearly, with a high of nearly 80 bodies in 2002.[63]The recent increase in suicides prompted local officials to erect signs that attempt to convince individuals experiencing suicidal intent to re-think their desperate plans, and sometimes these messages have proven effective.[64]The numbers of suicides in the past creates an allure that has persisted across the span of decades.[65][66]

Many hikers mark their routes by leaving colored plastic tape behind as they pass, raising concern among prefectural officials about the forest's ecosystem.[67]

Adventuring

A view of Mount Fuji from theTaisekijitemple as depicted by the woodblock artist KatsushikaHokusai.The one hundred views of Mount Fuji.From the Elizabeth Joan Tanney estate,c. 1834.

Transportation

Shizuoka Airportis overlooked by Mount Fuji.

The closest airport with scheduled international service isMt. Fuji Shizuoka Airport.It opened in June 2009. It is about 80 km (50 mi) from Mount Fuji.[68]The major international airports serving Tokyo,Tokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport)in Tokyo andNarita International Airportin Chiba are approximately three hours and 15 minutes from Mount Fuji.

Climbing routes

Historical illustration of the routes to Mount Fuji
Toriinear the summit
Hikers climbing Mount Fuji

Approximately 300,000 people climbed Mount Fuji in 2009.[69]The most popular period for people to hike up Mount Fuji is from July to August, while huts and other facilities are operating and the weather is warmest.[69]Buses to the trail heads typically used by climbers start running on July 1.[70]Climbing from October to May is very strongly discouraged, after a number of high-profile deaths and severe cold weather.[71]Most Japanese climb the mountain at night in order to be in a position at or near the summit when the sun rises. The morning light is calledNgự tới quanggoraikō,"arrival of light".[72]

There are four major routes to the summit, each has numbered stations along the way. They are (clockwise, starting north): Kawaguchiko, Subashiri, Gotemba, and Fujinomiya routes.[73]Climbers usually start at the fifth stations, as these are reachable by car or by bus. The summit is the tenth station on each trail. The stations on different routes are at different elevations; the highest fifth station is located at Fujinomiya, followed by Yoshida, Subashiri, and Gotemba. There are four additional routes from the foot of the mountain: Shojiko, Yoshida, Suyama, and Murayama routes.[74]

Even though it has only the second-highest fifth station, the Yoshida route is the most popular route because of its large parking area and many large mountain huts where a climber can rest or stay. During the summer season, most Mount Fuji climbing tour buses arrive there. The next most popular is the Fujinomiya route, which has the highest fifth station, followed by Subashiri and Gotemba. The ascent from the new fifth station can take anywhere between five and seven hours while the descent can take from three to four hours.[73]Even though most climbers do not use the Subashiri and Gotemba routes, many descend these because of their ash-covered paths. From the seventh station to near the fifth station, one could run down these ash-covered paths in approximately 30 minutes.

There are also tractor routes along the climbing routes. These tractor routes are used to bring food and other materials to huts on the mountain. Because the tractors usually take up most of the width of these paths and they tend to push large rocks from the side of the path, the tractor paths are off-limits to the climbers on sections that are not merged with the climbing or descending paths. Nevertheless, one can sometimes see people riding mountain bikes along the tractor routes down from the summit. This is particularly risky, as it becomes difficult to control speed and may send some rocks rolling along the side of the path, which may hit other people.

The four routes from the foot of the mountain offer historical sites. The Murayama is the oldest route, and the Yoshida route still has many old shrines, teahouses, and huts along its path. These routes are gaining popularity recently and are being restored, but climbing from the foot of the mountain is still relatively uncommon.Bearsthat live on the mountain have been sighted along the Yoshida route.

Huts at and above the fifth stations are usually staffed during the climbing season, but huts below fifth stations are not usually staffed for climbers. The number of open huts on routes are proportional to the number of climbers—Yoshida has the most while Gotemba has the fewest. The huts along the Gotemba route also tend to start later and close earlier than those along the Yoshida route. Also, because Mount Fuji is designated as a national park, it is illegal to camp above the fifth station.

There are eight peaks around the crater at the summit. The highest point in Japan, Ken-ga-mine, is where theMount Fuji Radar Systemused to be (it was replaced by an automated system in 2004). Climbers are able to visit each of these peaks.

Paragliding

Paragliderstake off in the vicinity of the fifth station Gotemba parking lot, between Subashiri and Hōei-zan peak on the south side of the mountain, in addition to several other locations, depending on wind direction. Several paragliding schools use the wide sandy/grassy slope between Gotemba and Subashiri parking lots as a training hill.

Overtourism concerns

On 1 February 2024, the Yamanashi prefectural government imposed a mandatory fee of 2,000 yen ($13) for hikers using the Yoshida trail beginning in the summer season as part of efforts to ease congestion and provide funding for safety protocols.[75]It later announced that it would impose a daily limit of 4,000 hikers on the trail and close it between 4 p.m. and 3 a.m except for guests in mountain lodges.[76]The Shizuoka prefectural government subsequently announced that it would also close the Subashiri, Gotemba and Fujinomiya trails at the same time period with the same exceptions, citing also concerns over congestion.[77]

In culture

Outer shrine ofFujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha

Shinto mythology

In Shinto mythology,Kuninotokotachi( quốc chi thường lập thần?,Kuninotokotachi-no-Kami,inKojiki)( quốc thường lập tôn?,Kuninotokotachi-no-Mikoto,inNihon Shoki) is one of the twogodsborn from "something like areedthat arose from the soil "when the earth waschaotic.According to theNihon Shoki,Konohanasakuya-hime,wife ofNinigi,is the goddess of Mount Fuji, whereFujisan Hongū Sengen Taishais dedicated for her.

In ancient times, the mountain was worshipped from afar. TheAsama shrinewas set up at the foothills to ward off eruptions. In theHeian period(794–1185), volcanic activity subsided and Fuji was used as a base forShugendō,a syncretic religion combining mountain worship and Buddhism. Worshippers began to climb the slopes and by the early 12th century,Matsudai Shoninhad founded a temple on the summit.[78]

Fuji-kōwas anEdo periodcult centred around the mountain founded by an ascetic namedHasegawa Kakugyō(1541–1646).[79]The cult venerated the mountain as a female deity, and encouraged its members to climb it. In doing so they would be reborn, "purified and... able to find happiness." The cult waned in theMeiji periodand although it persists to this day it has been subsumed intoShintōsects.[79]

As a national symbol of the country, the mountain has been depicted in various art media such as paintings,woodblock prints(such asHokusai'sThirty-six Views of Mount Fujiand100 Views of Mount Fujifrom the 1830s), poetry, music, theater, film,manga,anime,pottery[80]and evenKawaiisubculture.

Beforeits explosive eruption in 1980,Mount St. Helenswas once known as "The Fuji of America", for its striking resemblance to Mount Fuji.Mount TaranakiinNew Zealandis also said to bear a resemblance to Mount Fuji, and for this reason has been used as a stand-in for the mountain in films and television.

See also

Notes

  1. ^Although the wordSĩcan meana soldier(Binh sĩ,heishi, heiji),or a samurai(Võ sĩ,bushi),its original meaning isa man with a certain status.[citation needed]

References

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