Muesli

A dry muesli mix served with cow's milk and sliced fresh banana

Amaranthmuesli mix with milk being added

Muesli(/ˈmjuːzli/MEWZ-lee) is a cold Swiss breakfast dish, the primary ingredient of which isrolled oats.Traditionally, it is set to soak overnight and eaten the next morning. Additional ingredients, such as grains, nuts, seeds, and fresh or dried fruits are sometimes added, along with milk or cream, a small amount of citrus juice, and honey to add sweetness.Yoghurt,othermilk products,ormilk substitutesare now commonly added to both homemade and commercially packaged muesli recipes.

Developed around 1900 by Swiss physicianMaximilian Bircher-Bennerfor patients in his hospital,it is now eaten as a standard breakfast dish, as abreakfast cereal.In Switzerland, it is also consumed forsupperasBirchermüesli complet– muesli withCafé complet(milk coffee,accompanied byButterbrot(bread, butter andjam)).

In addition to being prepared raw, muesli can be toasted. Muesli can also be processed further by adding sweetener and oil to bind the ingredients together and baked to producegranola.

Etymology

Originally known in Swiss German asBirchermüesliafter its creatorBircher-Benneror simplyMüesli,the word is anAlemannicdiminutive ofMues(non-Swiss Standard German:Mus) meaning "mush" or "purée".

History

Muesli was not originally intended as a breakfast food, but as anappetisersimilar to bread and butter. It was consumed asSchweizer Znacht(lit. 'Swiss supper'), but not as a breakfast cereal.

It was introduced around 1900 by Bircher-Benner for patients in his hospital,where a diet rich in fresh fruit and vegetables was an essential part of therapy. It was inspired by a similar "strange dish" that he and his wife had been served on a hike in theSwiss Alps.

Bircher-Benner himself referred to the dish simply asd Spys,Swiss Germanfor "the dish" (German:die Speise); it was commonly known asApfeldiätspeise(lit. 'Apple Diet Meal'). Bircher opened a chalet-stylesanitoriumonZürichbergcalledLebendige Kraft(lit. 'lively power'). These facilities had risen in popularity during the era oflebensreform,a social movement which valued health foods and vegetarianism.

Recipes

Original Bircher-Benner recipe

The original Bircher-Benner recipe consists of the following ingredients:

• Apples, "two or three small apples or one large one". The whole apple was to be used, including skin, core, and pips.
• Nuts, either walnuts, almonds, or hazelnuts, one tablespoon.
• Rolled oats, one tablespoon, "previously soaked in 3 tablespoons water for 12 hours".
• Lemon juice from half a lemon.
• Either cream and honey or sweetened condensed milk, 1 tablespoon.

The dish was prepared by mi xing the cream and honey or condensed milk with the soaked oats and lemon juice and, while stirring, grating the whole apple into the mixture. This method prevented the apple pulp from browning. The intent was to serve the dish fresh, immediately before any other dishes in the meal.

Fresh muesli

Fresh muesli, made usingrolled oats,orange juice, blended apple and banana, redcurrants, raisins andcottage cheese,topped with raspberries

Muesli traditionally is freshly prepared using driedrolled oatsorwhole grainoats that have been soaked in water or fruit juice.Other common ingredients are grated or chopped fresh fruit (e.g., bananas, apples, berries, grapes, mango), dried fruit, milk products (e.g., fresh milk, yoghurt, cream, condensed milk,fromage frais,quark,cottage cheese) ornondairy milk substitutes,lemon juice, ground nuts, seeds, spices (especially cinnamon), honey and muesli mix.

The preparation of home-made muesli varies according to the tastes and preferences of the cook, but the basic proportions are around 80% grain, 10% nuts and seeds and 10% dried fruits.Some home cooks prefer to mix the dry ingredients ahead of time and store a batch of it in a container, adding wet ingredients such as fresh fruit, dairy products, honey and fruit juice immediately before serving.

Packaged muesli

Raw, dried, packaged muesli ingredients

Packaged muesli is a loose mixture of mainly rolled oats orcornflakestogether with various dried fruit pieces, nuts, and seeds – the main ingredients of any muesli. It commonly contains other rolled cereal grains such as wheat orrye flakes.

There are many varieties, which may also contain honey, spices, or chocolate. Dry packaged muesli can be kept for many months and served quickly after mi xing with milk,filmjölk,yogurt, coffee, hot chocolate, fruit juice or water. If desired, pieces of fresh fruit may be added. Alternatively, the mix may be soaked overnight in milk and then served with fresh fruit orcompoteto taste.

Cultural specifics

English-speaking world adaptation

Cafes, restaurants and chefs in the English-speaking world often use the labelBircher mueslito distinguish their dishes from the store-bought variety, indicating it has been prepared in a manner based on the original recipe – with grated fresh apple, lemon juice, cream and honey – rather than just being poured from a packet and having milk added. However, these dishes are usually a marked modification of the original recipe rather than a faithful reproduction. Many use orange or apple juice instead of lemon juice, and add other more exotic ingredients such as berries, grated fresh pears, poached or roasted fruit, vanilla essence andagave syrup.

Cultural connotations

Muesli has been associated from the beginning with health-conscious diets and back-to-nature lifestyles. In English-speaking countries, these connotations have led to the coinage of terms linking muesli to social liberalism and the middle classes. These include the Britishmuesli beltand the Americangranola type.

See also

• Muesli belt malnutrition

External links

• Media related toMuesliat Wikimedia Commons