List of battles between Mughals and Sikhs

Mughal-Sikh Wars
	Part ofDecline of the Mughal Empire
	; Painting of Guru Gobind Singh in battle. Illustration from a manuscript ofKrishnavatar.
Date	1621 – 12 March 1788
Location	Punjab; Delhi; Uttar Pradeshand other states ofNorth India
Result	Sikh victory[verification needed][citation needed]
Territorial; changes	Sikhs consolidate central rule over the Punjab and Delhi region of theIndian subcontinent
Belligerents
Mughal Empire	Akal Sena(1621 - 1699); Khalsa Fauj(1699 - 1748); First Sikh State(1709-1715); Sikh Confederacy(1748 - 1788)
Commanders and leaders
Mughal Emperors; Jahangir I; Shah Jahan I; Alamgir I; Azam Shah†; Shah Alam I; Jahandar Shah; Farrukhsiyar; Rafi ud-Darajat; Shah Jahan II; Muhammad Shah; Ahmad Shah Bahadur; Shah Alam II; ; Mughal Governors; Kale Khan†; Qutab Khan†; Adina Beg; Wazir Khan†; Dilwaar Khan; Mian Khan; Nasar-ul-Mulk; Abd al-Samad Khan; Zakariyya Khan†; Salabat Khan†; Yahya Khan; Shahnawaz Khan; Moin-ul-Mulk; Abdul Khan†; Zabardast Khan Mughal Generals; Mukhlis Khan†; Lal Beg†; Qumer Beg†; Painde Khan†; Hussain Khan†; Nahar Khan†; Gharit Khan†; Shamas Khan; Nahid Khan†; Din Beg (WIA); Zain Khan Sirhindi†; Khwaja Muhammad (WIA); Muhammad Yarbeg Khan†; Ahmed Khan†; Fateh Khan†; Jamal Khan;	Sikh Gurus; Guru Hargobind Sahib; Guru Har Rai Sahib; Guru Gobind SinghX; Sikh Generals; Bhai Jattu; Bidhi Chand; Baba Gurditta; Bhai Sohela†; Bhatt Kirat; Bhai Desu†; Bhai Bhano; Tyag Mal; Ajit Singh†; Jujhar Singh†; Bhai Daya Singh; Bhai Dharam Singh; Bhai Himmat Singh†; Bhai Mohkam Singh†; Bhai Sahib Singh†; Mata Bhag Kaur; Banda Singh Bahadur; Baj Singh; Binod Singh†; Bhai Mani Singh; Baba Deep Singh; Baba Darbara Singh; Nawab Kapur Singh; Jassa Singh Ahluwalia; Baghel Singh; Jassa Singh Ramgarhia; Charat Singh; Sukha Singh; Haqiqat Singh Kanhaiya; Tara Singh Ghaiba; Jai Singh Kanhaiya

This is a list of battles and campaigns betweenMughalandSikharmies, which started with the martyrdom of the fifth Sikh guru,Guru Arjan Devin 1606, on the orders ofJahangir.Guru Hargobind Sahib,the sixth Sikh guru, introduced the militarization toSikhi.In response to his father's execution, he established theAkal Senaand fought several battles against the Mughal army and defeated them. Later, the ninth Sikh guru,Guru Tegh Bahadur,was also executed on the orders ofAurangzebin 1675, after he refused to convert to Islam.Guru Gobind Singh,the tenth and last human Sikh guru, started theKhalsatradition and fought further battles against the Mughals and their allies. BeforeGuru Gobind Singh'spassing in 1708, he appointed his newly converted Sikh,Banda Singh Bahaduras the leader of theKhalsa Faujand ordered him to go fight in Punjab.Banda Singh Bahadurfought further battles against the Mughal's and their allies and established the first Khalsa Rule in 1710 but was captured in 1715 and executed in 1716. After this, the Sikhs later reorganized themselves intoMislscreating theDal Khalsawhich fought further battles against the Mughals under the leadership ofNawab Kapur Singh,Jassa Singh Ahluwaliaand other Misl leaders. The Dal Khalsa was victorious in the last major battle in 1783 with a few smaller fights happening until the conflict ended in 1788. The Sikhs were victorious against the Mughals and consolidated rule over Punjab.

Battles[edit]

Conflict (Period)	Belligerents	Opponents	Outcome
Battle of Rohilla (1621)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Sangrana(1628)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Amritsar (1634)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Lahira (1634)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Kartarpur (1635)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Phagwara(1635)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Kiratpur(1638)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Sutlej (1652)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Kiratpur (1658)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Nadaun (1691)	Akal Sena,Kahlur State	Mughal Empire	Combined victory of Sikhs and Kahlur State
Battle of Anandpur (1695)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Guler (1696)	Akal Sena	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Anandpur (1700)	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal Empire,Sivalik HillsRaja's	Khalsa victory
Battle of Nirmohgarh (1702)	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory
Battle of Basoli (1702)^[1]	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory
First battle of Chamkaur (1702)	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal Empire,Raja's ofSivalik Hills	Khalsa victory
First Battle of Anandpur (1704)	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal EmpireRaja's ofSivalik Hills	Khalsa victory
Second Siege of Anandpur (1704)	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal EmpireRaja's ofSivalik Hills	Combined victory of Mughals and Hill Rajas Mughal and Hill Rajas betrayed the Sikhs and broke the vows ofAllah,Quran and the cow.^[2]
Battle of Sarsa (1704)	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal Empire,Sivalik HillsRaja's	Combined victory of Mughals and Hill Rajas The Mughals and Hill's kings betrayed the Sikhs and broke the vows of their God and the Quran.^[2]
Battle of Shahi Tibbi (1704)	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal Empire,Sivalik HillsRaja's	Khalsa victory The Mughals and Shivalik Hill kings were forced to retreat and the Sikhs fought bravely along with Baba Ajit Singh and those Sikhs gained martyrdom excluding Baba Ajit Singh.
Battle of Chamkaur (1704)^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal EmpireRaja's ofSivalik Hills	Mughal victory Mughals failed to captureGuru Gobind Singh
Battle of Muktsar (1705)	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory Wazir Khan retreats
Battle of Jajau(1707) ^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]	Bahadur Shah I Khalsa Fauj	Muhammad Azam	Bahadur Shah victory Seeing the complex situation inMalwa,Bahadur Shah asked Guru Gobind Singh for help. The Guru sentBhai Dharam Singhto fight with 300 soldiers. Azam Shah killed by Guru Gobind Singh and Isha Khan Main.
Battle of Chittorgarh (1708)	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory^{[citation needed]} Zorawar Singh Palit and his 20 Sikhs killed after causing heavy casualties to the Mughals
Battle of Amritsar (1709)	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory
Battle of Sonipat (1709)^[11]	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory First battle ofBanda Singh Bahadur's military conquest
Battle of Samana (1709)	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory Banda Singh BahadurcapturesSamana Establishment of theFirst Sikh State
Battle of Kapuri(1709)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory
Battle of Sadhaura (1710)^[12]^[13]^[11]^[14]	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory Banda Singh Bahadur capture Sadhaura
Battle of Ropar (1710)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory
Battle of Chappar Chiri (1710)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory Wazir Khanwas killed byFateh Singh.
Siege of Sirhind (1710)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory Establishment of Sikh rule fromLahoreto thesanctum sanctorumofDelhi Sucha Nand killed by Banda Singh Bahadur and thousands of Mughal soldiers killed by Sikhs and those people who are involved in martyrdom of Guru Gobind Singh younger sons (Saka Sirhindaffair)
Battle of Saharanpur (1710)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory
Battle of Jalalabad (1710)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory
Siege of Kotla Begum (1710)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory
Battle of Bhilowal (1710)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory
Battle of Rahon (1710)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory
Battle of Thanesar (1710)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory
Siege of Lohgarh (1710)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory
Battle of Bahrampar (1711)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory^{[citation needed]} Mughal faujdar of Jammu Qutab-ud-Din Khan Kheshgi killed Khan's son, Shams Khan, also killed
Battle of Hoshiarpur (1711)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory
Battle of Kalanaur (1711)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Batala (1711)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Aurangabad (1711)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Pasrur (1711)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Jammu (1712)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory
Battle of Sadhaura (1712)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Lohgarh(1712)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory
Siege of Sadhaura (1713)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory^{[citation needed]} Sadhaura retaken by the Mughals after a Siege Banda Singh Bahadur escapes
Battle of Lohgarh (1713)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory^{[citation needed]} Mughals fail to kill or capture Banda Singh Bahadur
Battle of Kiri Pathan (1714)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory
Battle of Ropar (1714)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory^{[citation needed]} 200 Sikhs killed out of 7000 Sikhs retreat to Shivalik Hills
Battle of Gurdas Nangal(1715)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory
Siege of Gurdaspur (1715)	First Sikh State	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory Banda Singh Bahadur and his soldiers captured and later executed First Sikh Stateconquered by the Mughal Empire
Massacre of the Sikhs (1716)^{[clarification needed]}	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Wan (1726)	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory
Battle of Thikriwala (1731)	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory
Battle of Sunam (1735)	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Sirhind (1735)	Khalsa Fauj	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Basarke(1736)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory
Battle of Amritsar (1738)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory
Samad Khan's expedition against the Sikhs(1738)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory
Battle of Sarai Nurdin(1739)	Bhai Bota Singh and Bhai Garja Singh	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory Mughals suffer high casualties compared to Sikhs.
Battle of Rorī Sahib (1746)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory Jaspat Raikilled
Battle of Kahnuwan (1746)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Kasur (1747)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Mughal victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Sodhra and Badra (1748)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory
Battle of Khanpur (1748)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory^{[citation needed]}
Siege of Amritsar (1748)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Khalsa victory
Siege of Ram Rauni (1748–1749)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Multan (1749)	Kaura Mal Dal Khalsa	Shah Nawaz Khan	Kaura Mal and Sikh victory
Battle of Jalandhar (1750)	Dallewalia Misl	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Nadaun (1752)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Anandpur (1753)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Lahore (1753)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]} Prisoners from Lahore freed by the Khalsa
Battle of Fatehabad (1753)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Patti(1754)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Delhi (1764)	Bharatpur State Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Bharatpur and Sikh victory
Sikh raids on Delhi(1764–1788)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empireand Allies	Sikh victory
Battle of Panipat (1766)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Sonipat (1766)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Karnal (1767)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal EmpireandGwalior State	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Ghazi-U-Din-Nagar (1768)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Anupshahar (1768)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Fourth Battle of Panipat(1770)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal EmpireandRohillas	Sikh victory
Attack on Delhi (1770)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Siege of Kunjpura (1772)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire,Durrani EmpireandMaratha Empire	Sikh victory
Siege of Jind (1776)	Jind State	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Ghanaur (1778)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Attack on Delhi to Rakabganj (1778)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Siege of Patiala (1779)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Shafi's campaign against the Sikhs(1780–1781)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Baghpat (1781)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Sardana (1781)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Mawana (1781)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Battle of Muradnagar (1781)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Patparganj (1781)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Shahdara (1781)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Sheikhpura (1781)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Barnawa (1781)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Sirhind (1781)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Sikh raids on Delhi to Hardwar (1782)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Delhi (1783)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory
Raid of Delhi (1784)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Raids from Panipat to Delhi (1786)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal EmpireandGwalior State	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Raids from Agra to Delhi (1787)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Battle of Shahdara (1787)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Attack on Red Fort (1787)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}
Attack on Delhi (1788)	Dal Khalsa	Mughal Empire	Sikh victory^{[citation needed]}

References[edit]

^Surjit Singh Gandhi (2007).History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606–1708 C.E.Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 820.ISBN 9788126908585.
^^a ^bFenech, Louis E. (2013).The Sikh Ẓafar-nāmah of Guru Gobind Singh: a discursive blade in the heart of the Mughal Empire.New York: Oxford University Press. p. 165.ISBN 978-0-19-998060-4.OCLC 826068533.
^Raju, Karam Singh (1999).Guru Gobind Singh: Prophet of peace.Sanbun Publishers.ISBN 9380213646.
^Malhotra, Anshu; Mir, Farina (21 February 2012).Punjab Reconsidered: History, Culture, and Practice.Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-908877-5.
^Fenech, Louis E. (2013).The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh: A Discursive Blade in the Heart of the Mughal Empire.Oup USA.ISBN 978-0-19-993145-3.
^Surjit Singh Gandhi (2007).History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606–1708 C.E.Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 822.ISBN 9788126908585.
^"Episode-39 (Panj Pyare-2 Bhai Dharam Singh & Dr, Daulat Sngh) – Avatar Meher Baba Prasar Kendra".Retrieved16 October2020.
^"Punj Piare ~ Bhai Dharam Singh | Anandpur Sahib | SinghSahib ~ a complete portal on Sikhism".singhsahib.Retrieved16 October2020.
^Bhati, Sandeep (1 December 2016)."Bhai Dharam Singh".Speaking Tree.Retrieved16 October2020.
^"Gurdwara Bhai Daya Singh Bhai Dharam Singh Nanded | Discover Sikhism".discoversikhism.Retrieved16 October2020.
^^a ^bHistory of Islam,p. 506, atGoogle Books
^Sagoo, Harbans (2001).Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty.Deep & Deep Publications.
^Raj Pal Singh (2004).The Sikhs: Their Journey Of Five Hundred Years.Pentagon Press. pp. 46–47.ISBN 9788186505465.
^Singha, H.S. (2005).Sikh Studies, Book 7.Hemkunt Press. p. 34.ISBN 9788170102458.

Sources

Shaw, Jeffrey M.; Demy, Timothy J., eds. (2017).War and Religion: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict.ABC-CLIO. pp. 574–577.ISBN 978-1-61069-517-6.
Jacques, Tony (2007).Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O.Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 421.ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5.

External links[edit]

Media related toMughal-Sikh Warsat Wikimedia Commons

[1] Surjit Singh Gandhi (2007).History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606–1708 C.E.Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 820.ISBN 9788126908585.

[:0-2] Fenech, Louis E. (2013).The Sikh Ẓafar-nāmah of Guru Gobind Singh: a discursive blade in the heart of the Mughal Empire.New York: Oxford University Press. p. 165.ISBN 978-0-19-998060-4.OCLC 826068533.

[3] Raju, Karam Singh (1999).Guru Gobind Singh: Prophet of peace.Sanbun Publishers.ISBN 9380213646.

[4] Malhotra, Anshu; Mir, Farina (21 February 2012).Punjab Reconsidered: History, Culture, and Practice.Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0-19-908877-5.

[5] Fenech, Louis E. (2013).The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh: A Discursive Blade in the Heart of the Mughal Empire.Oup USA.ISBN 978-0-19-993145-3.

[6] Surjit Singh Gandhi (2007).History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606–1708 C.E.Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 822.ISBN 9788126908585.

[7] "Episode-39 (Panj Pyare-2 Bhai Dharam Singh & Dr, Daulat Sngh) – Avatar Meher Baba Prasar Kendra".Retrieved16 October2020.

[8] "Punj Piare ~ Bhai Dharam Singh | Anandpur Sahib | SinghSahib ~ a complete portal on Sikhism".singhsahib.Retrieved16 October2020.

[9] Bhati, Sandeep (1 December 2016)."Bhai Dharam Singh".Speaking Tree.Retrieved16 October2020.

[10] "Gurdwara Bhai Daya Singh Bhai Dharam Singh Nanded | Discover Sikhism".discoversikhism.Retrieved16 October2020.

[auto-11] History of Islam,p. 506, atGoogle Books

[12] Sagoo, Harbans (2001).Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty.Deep & Deep Publications.

[13] Raj Pal Singh (2004).The Sikhs: Their Journey Of Five Hundred Years.Pentagon Press. pp. 46–47.ISBN 9788186505465.

[14] Singha, H.S. (2005).Sikh Studies, Book 7.Hemkunt Press. p. 34.ISBN 9788170102458.

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Battles[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]