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Qasim Nanawtawi

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Hujjat al-Islam
Qasimul-Uloom wal-Khairat[1]
Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi
Personal
Born1832
Nanauta,Mughal Empire
Died15 April 1880(1880-04-15)(aged 47–48)
Deoband,British India
Resting placeMazar-e-Qasmi
ReligionIslam
ChildrenHafiz Muhammad Ahmad(son)
EraModern era
RegionIndian Subcontinent
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceHanafi
CreedMaturidi[2]
Main interest(s)Aqidah,Tafsir,Tasawwuf,Hadith,Fiqh,Kifaya,Usul,Ma'aani,Mantiq,Falsafa,
Notable idea(s)Widow Re-marriage
OccupationIslamic scholar
RelativesSiddiqi family of Nanauta
Organization
Founder ofDarul Uloom Deoband,Jamia Qasmia Madrasa Shahi
Senior posting
Influenced
Military career
Years of service1857
Battles/warsIndian War of Independence

Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi(1832 – 15 April 1880) (Urdu:مولانا محمد قاسم نانوتوی) was an IndianSunniHanafiMaturidiIslamic Scholar,theologianand aSufiwho was one of the main founders of theDeobandi Movement,starting from theDarul Uloom Deoband.[3]

Name and lineage

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Further information:Siddiqi family of Nanauta

Hisism(given name) was Muhammad Qasim. Hisnasab(patronymic) is: Muhammad Qāsim ibn Asad Ali ibn Ghulam Shāh ibn Muhammad Bakhsh ibn Alāuddīn ibn Muhammad Fateh ibn Muhammad Mufti ibn Abd al-Samī[a]ibn Muhammad Hāshim[5][4]

The "nasab" meetsQasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakrafter 44 links.[6]

Early life and education

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Nanautawi was born in 1832 (either inSha'banorRamadan,1248AH) into theSiddiqi familyofNanauta,a town nearSaharanpur,India.[7]

Nanautawi was schooled atNanauta,where he memorized theQuranand learned calligraphy.[8]Aged nine, Nanautawi moved toDeobandwhere he studied at themadrasaofKaramat Hussain.The teacher at this "madrasa" wasMehtab Ali,the uncle ofMahmud Hasan Deobandi.[8]Under the instruction of Mehtab Ali, Nanautawi completed the primary books of Arabic grammar and syntax.[8]Thereafter, his mother sent him toSaharanpur,where his maternal grandfather Wajīhuddīn Wakīl, who was a poet of Urdu and Persian, lived.[8]Wakīl enrolled his grandson in the Persian class of Muḥammad Nawāz Sahāranpūri, under whom, Nanautawi, then aged twelve, completed Persian studies.[8]

In 1844, Nanautawi joined theDelhi College,where he studied withMamluk Ali Nanautawi.[8]According toAsir Adrawi,"Nanautawi although was enrolled in the college, he would take private classes at his teachers home, instead of the college".[8]He studied the major books with Mamluk Ali, including "mantiq"and philosophy, and few other books with Mufti Sadruddīn.[8]According toAshraf Ali Thanwi,"Mamluk Ali, the teacher ofRashid Ahmad Gangohiand Nanautawi was a government employee at Dār al-Baqā ", in Delhi, which suggests that Nanautawi possibly studied there.[9]Manazir Ahsan Gilanihas tried to reconcile the reports concerning Nanautawi's education at the college. He says that, the name of Nanautawi appeared in the official registry of the college in the first year and argues, "whatsoever it is, but it is not right that he gained education there, since the starting".[10]Nanautawi stayed in Delhi for around five or six years,[11]and graduated, aged seventeen.[12]Gīlāni says that, Nanautawi studied with Mamluk Ali Nanautawi, but not the syllabus of the college, rather studied at his home.[13]It is commonly accepted that Nanautawi did not appear in the college exams.[14]

Career

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Academic career

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After the completion of his education, Nanautavi became the editor of the press at Matbah-e-Ahmadi. During this period, at Ahmad Ali's insistence, he wrote ascholiumon the last few portions of SahihulBukhari.Before the establishment of Darul Uloom Deoband, he taught Euclid for some time at the Chhatta Masjid. His lectures were delivered at the printing press. His teaching produced a group of accomplishedUlama,the example of which had not been seen since Shah Abdul Ghani's time.

In 1860, he performedHajjand, on his return, he accepted a profession of collating books at Matbah-e-Mujtaba inMeerut.Nanautavi remained attached to this press until 1868. He performed Hajj for the second time and then accepted a job at Matbah-e-Hashimi in Meerut.

Polemical debates

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On 8 May 1876, a "Fair for God-Consciousness" was held at Chandapur village, near Shahjahanpur (U. P.), under the auspices of the local Zamindar,Piyare Lal Kabir-panthiandPadre Knowles,and with the support and permission of the collector of Shahjahanpur, Robert George. Christians, Hindus, and Muslims were invited through posters to attend and prove the truthfulness of their respective religions. At the suggestion of Muhammad Munir Nanautavi and Maulvi Ilahi Bakhsh Rangin Bareillwi, Nanautavi, accompanied by numerous colleagues, also participated. All of these Ulama delivered speeches at the fair. Nanautavi repudiated the Doctrine of theTrinity,speaking in support of the Islamic conception of God. One newspaper wrote:

In the gathering of 8 May of the current year (1876), Muhammad Qasim gave a lecture and stated the merits of Islam. The Padre Sahib explained the Trinity in a strange manner, saying that in a line are found three attributes: length, breadth and depth, and thus Trinity is proven in every way. The said Maulawi Sahib confuted it promptly. Then, while the Padre Sahib and the Maulawi Sahib were debating regarding the speech, the meeting broke up, and in the vicinity and on all sides arose the outcry that the Muslims had won. Wherever a religious divine of Islam stood, thousands of men would gather around him. In the meeting of the first day, the Christians did not reply to the objections raised by the followers of Islam, while the Muslims replied the Christians word by word and won.

Political and revolutionary activities

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He participated in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in theBattle of Shamlibetween the British and the anti-colonialist ulema. The scholars were ultimately defeated at that battle.[15][3]

Establishment of Islamic schools

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See also:Darul Uloom Deoband

He establishedDarul Uloom Deobandin 1866 with the financial help and funding of the Muslim states within India and the rich individuals of the Muslim Indian community.[16][15]

He conformed to theShari'aand worked to motivate other people to do so. It was through his work that a prominentmadrasawas established in Deoband and a mosque was built in 1868. Through his efforts, Islamic schools were established at various other locations as well.[17]

His greatest achievement was the revival of an educational movement for the renaissance of religious sciences in India and the creation of guiding principles for the madaris (schools). Under his attention and supervision, madaris were established in areas such as Thanabhavan, Galautti,Kerana,Danapur,Meerut,andMuradabad.Most of them still exist, rendering educational and religious services in their vicinity. Funding of these religious schools initially was done by the rulers of the Muslim states and the rich individuals of the Muslim Indian community.[16][17]

Under Muhammad Qasim Nanautvi's guidance, these religious schools, at least in the beginning, remained distant from politics and devoted their services to providing only religious education to Muslim children. The curriculum at these schools was studying the Quran, Hadith, Islamic law, and logic.[16]

Jamia Qasmia Madrasa Shahiwas established under his supervision.[18]

Death and legacy

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Nanautavi died on 15 April 1880 at the age of 47. His grave is to the north of the Darul-Uloom. Since Qasim Nanautavi is buried there, the place is known asQabrastan-e-Qasimi,where countless Deobandi scholars, students, and others are buried.[19] Well-known Muslim educationist of that timeSyed Ahmad Khanhad great respect for Nanautavi and wrote an emotional and long article on his death.[19]

He has been given the title ofHujjat al-Islamby his followers.[20][21]

Family

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Nanautavi's sonHafiz Muhammad Ahmadwas a Grand Mufti ofHyderabad Statefrom 1922 to 1925[22][23]and served as theVice Chancellorof Deoband seminary for thirty five years.[24]

Nanautawi's grandsonMuhammad Tayyib Qasmiserved as the Vice Chancellor of Deoband seminary for more than five decades and co-founded theAll India Muslim Personal Law Board,[25]while Tayyib's sonMuhammad Salim Qasmifounded theDarul Uloom Waqfseminary.[26]Salim's sonMuhammad Sufyan Qasmiis the rector ofDarul Uloom Waqf.[27]

Publications

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^At Abd al-Samī, the nasab of Nanautawi meets with that ofMamluk Ali Nanautawi.[4]

References

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  1. ^Muhammad Yousuf, Banuri.Nafhatul Anbar.Al-Majlis al-Ilmi. p. 258.
  2. ^Bruckmayr, Philipp (2020)."Salafī Challenge and Māturīdī Response: Contemporary Disputes over the Legitimacy of Māturīdī kalām".Die Welt des Islams.60(2–3). Brill: 293–324.doi:10.1163/15700607-06023P06.
  3. ^abThe Clash of Academic Civilizations on BRICS Business Magazine websiteArchived19 July 2021 at theWayback MachineRetrieved 16 August 2018
  4. ^abProfessor Nur al-Hasan Sherkoti. "Hadhrat Mawlāna Muhammad Yāqūb Nanautawi". InDeobandi, Nawaz(ed.).Sawaneh Ulama-e-Deoband(in Urdu). Vol. 2 (January 2000 ed.).Deoband:Nawaz Publications. pp. 90–214.
  5. ^Gīlānī, Manāzir Ahsan.Sawānih Qāsmi[Biography of Qāsim] (in Urdu). Vol. 1.Deoband:Maktaba Darul Uloom Deoband. p. 113.
  6. ^Adrawi, Nizāmuddīn Asīr.Maulānā Muḥammad Qāsim Nānautvī, ḥayāt aur kārnāme[Mawlāna Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi: Life and Works]] (in Urdu) (2015 ed.). p. 42.
  7. ^Qasmi, Mohd. Azam (1988).Molana Mohd. Qasim Nanautvi's. Contribution to Islamic Thought With Special Reference to Al-Kalam(PDF)(PhD). p. 72.Retrieved3 October2020.
  8. ^abcdefghAdrawi, Asīr.Mawlāna Muḥammad Qāsim Nanautawi: Hayāt awr Kārnāme[Mawlāna Muḥammad Qāsim Nanautawi: Life and works]. pp. 43–59.
  9. ^Gilāni, Manāzir Ahsan.Sawāneh Qāsmi[Biography of Qāsim]. Vol. 1. p. 223.
  10. ^Gilāni, Manāzir Ahsan.Sawāneh Qāsmi[Biography of Qāsim]. Vol. 1. p. 224.
  11. ^Gilāni, Manāzir Ahsan.Sawāneh Qāsmi[Biography of Qāsim]. Vol. 1. p. 230.
  12. ^Gilāni, Manāzir Ahsan.Sawāneh Qāsmi[Biography of Qāsim]. Vol. 1. p. 229.
  13. ^Gilāni, Manāzir Ahsan.Sawāneh Qāsmi[Biography of Qāsim]. Vol. 1. pp. 226–227.
  14. ^Abdur Rasheed Arshad. "Hadhrat Mawlāna Muhammad Qāsim Nanautawi". InDeobandi, Nawaz(ed.).Sawaneh Ulama-e-Deoband(in Urdu). Vol. 2 (January 2000 ed.). p. 12.
  15. ^abMaulana Nadeem-ul-Wajidi (18 February 2012)."Sir Syed and Maulana Qasim Nanotvi".TwoCircles.net website.Retrieved16 August2018.
  16. ^abcPast present: Resentment in response (founders of Deoband Movement)Dawn (newspaper), Published 11 March 2012, Retrieved 4 March 2019
  17. ^abcProfile of Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi on haqislam.org websiteRetrieved 16 August 2018
  18. ^Syed Mehboob Rizwi.Tarikh Darul Uloom Deoband[History of The Dar al-Ulum Deoband]. Vol. 1. Translated by Prof. Murtaz Hussain F. Quraishi. Deoband: Idara-e-Ehtemam,Dar al-Ulum Deoband.p. 361.
  19. ^abcdeProfile of Maula Mohammad Qasim Nanotvi on storyofpakistan websiteRetrieved 4 March 2019
  20. ^"The Proof of Islam: Shaykh Qasim al-Nanotwi".5 March 2013.
  21. ^Asir Adrawi,Maulana Qasim Nanautawi Hayat awr Karnamy,Deoband:Shaykh al-Hind Academy
  22. ^Adrawi, Asir.Tazkirah Mashahir-e-Hind: Karwan-e-Rafta(in Urdu) (1st, 1994 ed.).Deoband:Darul Muallifeen. p. 17.
  23. ^Muhammad Miyan Deobandi."Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad".Ulama-e-Haq awr Unke Mujahidana Kaarname(in Urdu). Vol. 1. Deoband: Faisal International. pp. 162–163.
  24. ^Syed Mehboob Rizwi.Tārīkh Darul Uloom Deoband[History of The Dar al-Ulum Deoband]. Vol. 2. Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi (1981 ed.).Dar al-Ulum Deoband:Idara-e-Ehtemam. pp. 37–38, 170–174.
  25. ^Noor Alam Khalil Amini.Pas-e-Marg-e-Zindah(in Urdu). Idara Ilm-o-Adab, Deoband. pp. 108–172.
  26. ^Butt, John(2020).A Talib's Tale: The Life and Times of a Pashtoon Englishman(2020 ed.).Penguin Random House.p. 173.ISBN9788184004397.
  27. ^"A Condolence Meet of Hazrat Maulana Salim Qasmi and Mufti Abdullah Kapodri".Baseerat Online.Retrieved24 May2020.
  28. ^abcMuhammad Qasim Nanotvi books on Archived linkRetrieved 16 August 2018
  29. ^Haq, Wali Ul; Ahmad, Dr Rashid (2020)."Critical review of the book" Sadaqat-i- Islam written by Maolana Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi ".Al-Azhār.6(1).ISSN2519-6707.

Further reading

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This is adynamic listand may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byadding missing itemswithreliable sources.

Thisbibliography of Qasim Nanawtawiis a selected list of scholarly resources that are generally available. These resources are related to Nanawtawi, who was one of the main founders of theDeobandi movement.This list includes his biographies,theseswritten about him, and articles published about him in various journals, newspapers, encyclopedias, seminars, websites, and follows theAPA style.

Encyclopedias

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Biographies

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Theses

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Journals

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Newspapers

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Websites

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