Municipalism
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Municipalismis the political system ofself-governmentat the local level, such as of a city or town. In essence, it represents amunicipalitywith its own governing authority, functioning as anadministrative divisionof a sovereign state. Municipalism is a political philosophy that extends beyond mere support for municipalities. It champions the primacy of municipalities as a conduit for local political change and, by extension,grassrootsmovements seeking to influence political processes at higher levels of government. It is an approach to implementing social change that utilises the municipality as the primary vehicle for effecting change.[1][2]
During theFrench Revolution,sociétés révolutionnairecontrolled municipal governments and established alliances between neighboring cities, forming a federation of hundreds of "municipalist republics" in south France known ascommunalism.[3]
History
[edit]InEurope,municipalism developed in the socialist parties.[4]In 1881 theFederation of the Socialist Workers of France(a predecessor of the modernFrench Socialist Party) won control of the municipality ofCommentry.[1]In subsequent municipal elections, socialist candidates and parties increased the number of municipalities they controlled to 70 in 1892, and then over 100 in 1896. Meanwhile, inItaly,changes in electoral laws enabled theItalian Socialist Partyto gain its first municipality,Imola,under the leadership ofAndrea Costa.[1]
Libertarian socialistandsocial ecologistthinkerMurray Bookchinpromoted what he calledlibertarian municipalismas the political branch of social ecology, focusing on the development ofdirect democracywithin existing local governance structures.[5][6]
Bookchin has been one of the influences on a movement known as "new municipalism" in the twenty-first century, exemplified byBarcelona en Comú.[7][8][9][10]
References
[edit]- ^abcDogliani, Patrizia (2002)."European Municipalism in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: The Socialist Network"(PDF).Contemporary European History.11(4): 573–596.doi:10.1017/S0960777302004046.ISSN0960-7773.JSTOR20081861.S2CID161327546.
- ^Thompson, Matthew (2021)."What's so new about New Municipalism?".Progress in Human Geography.45(2): 317–342.doi:10.1177/0309132520909480.
- ^Cobb, Richard Charles (1970).The Police and the People: French Popular Protest, 1789-1820.Clarendon Press.pp. 179–180.ISBN978-0-19-821479-3.
- ^Martínez, Miguel A.; Wissink, Bart (2021-08-22)."Urban movements and municipalist governments in Spain: alliances, tensions, and achievements".Social Movement Studies.21(5): 659–676.doi:10.1080/14742837.2021.1967121.ISSN1474-2837.
- ^Fowler, Kris (2017-08-31).Tessellating Dissensus: Resistance, Autonomy and Radical Democracy - Can transnational municipalism constitute a counterpower to liberate society from neoliberal capitalist hegemony?(MA).Schumacher College.
- ^Chaia Heller."Libertarian Municipalism".transversal texts.Retrieved17 August2024.
- ^Bookchin, Debbie (6 November 2018)."Libertarian Municipalism & Murray Bookchin's Legacy".Green European Journal.Retrieved17 August2024.
- ^Russell, Bertie (2019)."Beyond the Local Trap: New Municipalism and the Rise of the Fearless Cities".Antipode.51(3): 989–1010.Bibcode:2019Antip..51..989R.doi:10.1111/anti.12520.
- ^Sareen, Siddharth; Waagsaether, Katinka Lund (2022)."New municipalism and the governance of urban transitions to sustainability".Urban Studies.60(11): 2271–2289.doi:10.1177/00420980221114968.hdl:11250/3030985.
- ^Davies, Jonathan S. (24 March 2021).Between Realism and Revolt: Governing Cities in the Crisis of Neoliberal Globalism.Bristol University Press.doi:10.2307/j.ctv1jf2c6b.ISBN978-1-5292-1093-4.
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