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Akai MPC

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Akai MPC
An Akai MPC60, the first MPC model
Other namesMIDI Production Center, Music Production Controller
Classification Music workstation
Inventor(s)Roger Linn
Developed1988

TheAkai MPC(originallyMIDI Production Center,nowMusic Production Center) is a series ofmusic workstationsproduced byAkaifrom 1988 onwards. MPCs combinesamplingandsequencingfunctions, allowing users to record portions of sound, modify them and play them back as sequences.

The first MPCs were designed by the American engineerRoger Linn,who had designed the successfulLM-1andLinnDrumdrum machines in the 1980s. Linn aimed to create an intuitive instrument, with a grid of pads that can be played similarly to a traditional instrument such as a keyboard or drum kit. Rhythms can be created using samples of any sound.

The MPC had a major influence on the development ofelectronicandhip hop music.It led to new sampling techniques, with users pushing its technical limits to creative effect. It had a democratizing effect on music production, allowing artists to create elaborate tracks without traditional instruments or recording studios. Its pad interface was adopted by numerous manufacturers and became standard inDJtechnology.

Development

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The MPC was designed byRoger Linn(pictured in 2010), who also created theLinnDrum.

By the late 1980s, drum machines had become popular for creating beats andloopswithout instrumentalists, andhip hopartists were usingsamplersto take portions of existing recordings and create new compositions.[1]Grooveboxes,machines that combined these functions, such as those byE-mu Systems,required knowledge of music production and cost up to $10,000.[1][2]

The original MPC, the MPC-60, was a collaboration between the Japanese company Akai and the American engineer Roger Linn. Linn had designed the successful LM-1 and LinnDrum, two of the earliest drum machines to usesamples(prerecorded sounds).[3]His company, Linn Electronics, had closed following the failure of theLinn 9000,a drum machine and sampler. According to Linn, his collaboration with Akai "was a good fit because Akai needed a creative designer with ideas and I didn't want to do sales, marketing, finance or manufacturing, all of which Akai was very good at".[2]

Linn described the MPC as an attempt to "properly re-engineer" the Linn 9000.[2]He disliked reading instruction manuals and wanted to create an intuitive interface that simplified music production.[1]He designed the functions, including the panel layout and hardware specification, and created the software with his team. He credited the circuitry to a team led by the English engineer David Cockerell. Akai handled the production engineering, making the MPC "more manufacturable".[2]The first model, the MPC60 (MIDIProduction Center), was released on December 8, 1988,[4]and retailed for $5,000.[1]It was followed by the MPC60 MkII and the MPC3000.[5]

After Akai went out of business in 2006,[6]Linn left the company and its assets were purchased byNumark.[7]Akai has continued to produce MPC models without Linn.[2]Linn was critical, saying: "Akai seems to be making slight changes to my old 1986 designs for the original MPC, basically rearranging the deck chairs on theTitanic."[7]

Features

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An MPC2000

Instead of the switches and small hard buttons of earlier devices, the MPC has a 4x4 grid of large pressure-sensitive rubber pads which can be played similarly to a keyboard.[1]The interface was simpler than those of competing instruments, and can be connected to a normal sound system, without the need for a studio. According toVox,"Most importantly, it wasn't an enormous, stationary mi xing panel with as many buttons as an airplane cockpit."[1]

Whereas artists had previously sampled long pieces of music, the MPC allowed them to sample smaller portions, assign them to separate pads and trigger them independently, similarly to playing a traditional instrument such as a keyboard or drum kit.[1]Rhythms can be built not just from percussion samples but any recorded sound, such as horns or synthesizers.[1]

The MPC60 only allows sample lengths of up to 13 seconds, as samplingmemorywas expensive at the time and Linn expected users to sample short sounds to create rhythms rather long loops.[7]Functions are selected and samples are edited with two knobs. Red "record" and "overdub" buttons are used to save or loop beats.[1]The MPC60 has anLCDscreen and came withfloppy diskswith sounds and instruments.[1]

Legacy

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DJ Shadow (pictured wearing an MPC shirt) created his landmark albumEndtroducingwith an MPC.
Kanye West performing with an MPC 2000XL

Linn anticipated that users would sample short sounds, such as individual notes or drum hits, to use as building blocks for compositions. However, users began sampling longer passages of music.[8]In the words of Greg Milner, the author ofPerfecting Sound Forever,musicians "didn't just want the sound ofJohn Bonham'skick drum, they wanted to loop and repeat the whole of 'When the Levee Breaks'. "[8]Linn said: "It was a very pleasant surprise. After 60 years of recording, there are so many prerecorded examples to sample from. Why reinvent the wheel?"[8]

The MPC's ability to create percussion from any sound turned sampling into a new art form and allowed for new styles of music.[1]Its affordability and accessibility had a democratizing effect; musicians could create tracks without a studio ormusic theoryknowledge, and it was inviting to musicians who did not play traditional instruments or had no music education.[1][9]Voxwrote that the MPC "challenged the notion of what a band can look like".[1]The 4x4 grid of pads was adopted by numerous manufacturers and became standard in DJ technology.[1]As of 2018, the MPC continued to be used even with the advent ofdigital audio workstations,and used models fetched high prices.[1]


The MPC Live, a recent model in the line released in 2017

Engadgetwrote that the impact of the MPC on hip hop could not be overstated.[9]The rapperJehstsaw it as the next step in the evolution of the hip hop genre after the introduction of theTR-808,TR-909andDMXdrum machines in the 1980s.[10]The producerDJ Shadowused an MPC60 to create his influential 1996 albumEndtroducing,which is composed entirely of samples.[11]The producerJ Dilladisabled thequantizefeature on his MPC to create his signature "off-kilter" sampling style.[12]After J Dilla's death in 2006, his MPC was preserved in theSmithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culturein 2014.[13][14]The rapperKanye Westused the MPC to compose several of his best-known tracks and much of his breakthrough 2004 albumThe College Dropout.[1]West closed the2010 MTV Video Music Awardswith a performance of his 2010 track "Runaway"on an MPC.[15]

See also

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References

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  1. ^abcdefghijklmnopAciman, Alexander (16 April 2018)."Meet the unassuming drum machine that changed music forever".Vox.Archivedfrom the original on 21 December 2018.Retrieved11 May2018.
  2. ^abcde"Feature: Industry Interview — Roger Linn".Sonic State.Archivedfrom the original on 24 January 2023.Retrieved13 May2018.
  3. ^McNamee, David (22 June 2009)."Hey, what's that sound: Linn LM-1 Drum Computer and the Oberheim DMX".the Guardian.Archivedfrom the original on 26 October 2018.Retrieved9 February2018.
  4. ^Solida, Scott (24 January 2011)."The 10 most important hardware samplers in history".MusicRadar.Archivedfrom the original on 2 July 2018.Retrieved13 May2018.
  5. ^White, Paul (June 2002)."The return of Roger Linn".Sound on Sound.Archivedfrom the original on 30 March 2023.Retrieved16 December2018.
  6. ^"Akai Professional MI launches bankruptcy proceedings".kanalog.jp. Archived fromthe originalon 12 January 2006.Retrieved7 December2005.
  7. ^abc"INTERVIEW with Roger Linn".BBOY TECH REPORT.2 November 2012.Archivedfrom the original on 8 August 2020.Retrieved13 May2018.
  8. ^abcMilner, Greg (3 November 2011).Perfecting Sound Forever: The Story of Recorded Music.Granta Publications.ISBN9781847086051.Archivedfrom the original on 9 December 2018.Retrieved7 December2018.
  9. ^abTrew, J. (22 January 2017)."Hip-hop's most influential sampler gets a 2017 reboot".Engadget.Archivedfrom the original on 19 May 2017.Retrieved3 April2018.
  10. ^"My Precious: The History of The Akai MPC".Clash Magazine.Archivedfrom the original on 15 August 2018.Retrieved3 April2018.
  11. ^"DJ Shadow".Keyboard.New York. October 1997. Archived fromthe originalon 23 February 2013.Retrieved16 March2013.
  12. ^Helfet, Gabriela (9 September 2020)."Drunk drummer-style grooves".Attack Magazine.Archivedfrom the original on 24 January 2022.Retrieved24 January2022.
  13. ^Aciman, Alexander (16 April 2018)."Meet the unassuming drum machine that changed music forever".Vox.Archivedfrom the original on 21 December 2018.Retrieved23 January2022.
  14. ^Camp, Zoe (19 July 2014)."J Dilla equipment will be donated to Smithsonian Museum".Pitchfork.Archivedfrom the original on 24 January 2022.Retrieved23 January2022.
  15. ^Caramanica, Jon (13 February 2011). "Lots of Beats No Drums in Sight".The New York Times.New York.

Further reading

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