Music of Haryana
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Folk music of Haryanahas two main forms: classical folk music of Haryana and desi folk music of Haryana (country music of Haryana).[1][2]They take the form of ballads and pangs of parting of lovers, valor and bravery, harvest and happiness.[3]
History
[edit]Haryana is rich in musical tradition and even places have been named afterragas,for exampleCharkhi Dadri districthas many villages named: Nandyam, Sarangpur, Bilawala, Brindabana, Todi, Asaveri, Jaisri, Malakoshna, Hindola, Bhairvi, and Gopi Kalyana.[2]
Folk music
[edit]Classical Folk Music of Haryana
[edit]The classical form of Haryana music is closely associated with and based onIndian classical music.TheIndian stateofHaryanahas produced a number of kinds offolk music,and has also produced innovations inIndian classical music.Hindustani classical ragasare used to singAlha-Khand(1663-1202 CE) about bravery ofAlha and Udal,Jaimal Fatta of Maharana Udai Singh IIofChittor(Maharana Udai Singh was the son ofRana Sangaand the father of famous braveheartMaharana Pratap),Brahmas,Teejfestive songs,Phaag songs of Phalgun month of HoliandHolisongs.[4]
Variations
[edit]Mewati gharana[5][6]is amusical apprenticeship tribeofHindustani classical musicinMewatregion. Known for beingPandit Jasraj'smusical lineage, the gharana was founded by brothersUtd. Ghagge Nazir KhanandUtd. Wahid Khan (beenkar)ofBhopal[7]in the late 19th century at theJodhpur court.[citation needed]Consequently, it is also known (though less commonly) as the Jodhpur Gharana.[citation needed]With its own distinct aesthetics, stylings, practices, and repertoire, the gharana emerged as an offshoot of theGwaliorandQawwal Bacchon (Delhi)musical traditions.[8]The gharana gained visibility in the late-20th century afterPt. Jasrajpopularized thegayaki.[9]
Desi/country music of Haryana
[edit]
The country-side ordesi(native) form of Haryanvi music is based onRaag Bhairvi,Raag Bhairav,Raag Kafi,Raag Jaijaivanti,Raag JhinjhotiandRaag Pahadiand used for celebrating community bonhomie to sing seasonal songs,ballads,ceremonial songs(wedding, etc.) and related religious legendary tales such asPuran Bhagat.Ahirsalso use melodicRaag Piluon a scale using seven semi-tones.[citation needed]
Kissafolklores of bravery and love such as Nihalde Sultan, Sati Manorama, Jai Singh ki Mrityu, Saran de, etc. are some of the most popular folklores.Rasa lilaand "Ragini" are folk theatrical performance Haryana. The Ragini form of theater was popularised byLakhmi Chand.[3]Singing is a great way of demolishing societal differences as folk singers are highly esteemed and they are sought after and invited for events, ceremonies and special occasions regardless of the caste or status.[3]Songs are based on day to day themes and injecting earthy humor enlivens the feel of the songs. Haryanvi dances have fast energetic movements, and popular dance forms are Khoriya, Chaupaiya, Loor, Been, Ghoomar, Dhamal,Phaag,SawanandGugga.[3]Loor, which means girl inbangar areaof Haryana, is performed in the form of questions and answers format by the girls in traditional haryanvi attire in the month ofphalguna(spring) during theHolifestival to marks the arrival of pleasant spring season and sowing of therabi crops.[10]
Young girls and women usually sing entertaining and fast seasonal, love, relationship and friendship related songs such asPhagan(song for eponymous season/month),Katak(songs for the eponymous season/month),Samman(songs for the eponymous season/month), bande-bandi (male-female duet songs),sathne(songs of sharing heartfelt feelings among female friends).[3]Older women usually sing devotional Mangal Geet (auspicious songs) and ceremonial songs such asBhajan,Bhat (wedding gift to the mother of bride or groom by her brother),Sagai,Ban(Hindu wedding ritual where pre-wedding festivities starts),Kuan-Poojan(a custom that is performed to welcome the birth of male child by worshiping the well or source of drinking water),Sanjhiand Holi festival.[3]
All these are inter-caste songs, which are fluid in nature, are never personalized for specific caste. These are sung collectively by women from different strata, castes, dialects so these songs do change fluidly in dialect, style, words, etc. This adoptive style can be seen from adoption of tunes of Bollywood movie songs into Haryanvi songs.[3]Despite this fluid nature, haryanvi songs have a distinct style of their own.[3]
Traditional musicians and artists
[edit]The folk music of Haryana has been spread by the Bhats, Saangis and Jogis.[citation needed]Baje Bhagat,Bharatchandra kaushik,Dayachand Mayna,andLakhmi Chandare some popular early era Haryana artists.
Music Instruments
[edit]Music is made using many traditional instrumentsSarangi,Harmonium,Chimta,Dhadd,Dholak,Manjeera,Khartal,Damaru,Duggi,Daf,Bansuri,Been,Ghungroo,Dhak,Gharha(by adding rubber cover on top of the pitcher),Thali(beaten with a stick to make music) and Shankha.[citation needed]
Other instruments are:[citation needed]
- Bansuri:wind instrumentwith an ancient history
- Been- two bamboo pipes fixed in a gourd, associated withsnake charmers
- Iktara- astringed instrumentwith one string, made from a piece ofbamboowith a gourd at one end. Associated with the Jogis. The iktara's two-stringed relative is thedotara.
- Sarangi- a bow instrument, used both in Haryana's folk and classical music
- Shankh- a sacred wind instrument, associated withVishnu
- Shehnai- wind instrument
Modern music
[edit]Cassette tape period
[edit]CD/DVD period
[edit]Post Internet Era
[edit]Gallery
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Harmonium -
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A pair ofKhartalblocks -
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A woman playing aDaf -
Hariprasad Chaurasiaplaying theBansuri -
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ASnake CharmerplayingBeen -
A pair ofGhungroos -
Danseuse with 400Ghungroos -
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Gharhais made by adding rubber cover on top of the pitcher -
Thaliis used to serve food and beaten with a stick to make music -
Carved VamavartaShankhas,circa11-12th century,Pala period
See also
[edit]- Administrative divisions of Haryana
- Haryanvi cinema
- Haryanvi culture
- Haryanvi cultural tourism
- Haryanvi folk dances
- Haryanvi language
- Haryanvi people
- Haryanvi Raagni
- Haryanvi saang
- Indian musical instruments
- List of Haryanvi-language films
- List of people from Haryana
References
[edit]- ^Art & Cultural Affairs Department of Haryana."Folk Music of Haryana".Art & Cultural Affairs Department of Haryana.Retrieved1 October2020.
- ^abGajrani, Shiv (9 September 2004).History, Religion and Culture of India.Vol. 1. Isha Book. p. 96.ISBN978-8182050600.
- ^abcdefghManorma Sharma, 2007,Musical Heritage of India,Page 65.
- ^Ramyead, Lutchmee Parsad."THE ESTABLISHMENT AND CULTIVATION OF MODERN STANDARD HINDI IN MAURITIUS"(PDF).p. 93.
- ^"IPAAC Home".
- ^"IPAAC Home".
- ^"About Us".
- ^"Evolution of Hindustani music; Patron and Patronage - The Compass".thecompass.in.Archived fromthe originalon 25 January 2019.
- ^Nagarkar, Samarth (2013).Raga Sangeet: Understanding Hindustani Classical Vocal Music.New York: Chhandayan, Inc.
- ^loor dance
Further reading
[edit]Jain, Shikha; Bhawna, Dandona (2012).Haryana (Culture Heritage Guide).Aryan Books International.ISBN9788173054396.
