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NISAR (satellite)

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NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR)
Artist's concept of the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite.
NamesNASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar
NISAR
Mission typeRadarimaging
OperatorNASA/ISRO
Websitenisar.jpl.nasa.gov
www.isro.gov.in/NISARSatellite.html
Mission duration3 years (planned)[1][2]
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftNISAR
BusI-3K[3]
ManufacturerNASA / ISRO
Launch mass2,800 kg (6,200 lb)[4]
Power6,500watts
Start of mission
Launch date2024 (planned)[5]
RocketGSLV Mk II
(4 meter fairing)[3]
Launch siteSatish Dhawan Space Centre
ContractorISRO
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit[1]
RegimeSun-synchronous orbit[6]
Altitude747 km (464 mi)
Perigee altitude747 km (464 mi)
Apogee altitude747 km (464 mi)
Inclination98.5°
Transponders
BandS-band
L-band
Instruments
L-band (24-cm wavelength) Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar
S-band (12-cm wavelength) Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar

NISAR mission logo

TheNASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar(NISAR) mission is a joint project betweenNASAandISROto co-develop and launch a dual-frequencysynthetic aperture radaron anEarth observation satellite.The satellite will be the firstradar imagingsatellite to use dual frequencies. It will be used forremote sensing,to observe and understand natural processes onEarth.For example, its left-facing instruments will study theAntarcticcryosphere.[7]With a total cost estimated at US$1.5 billion, NISAR is likely to be the world's most expensive Earth-imaging satellite.[8]

Overview[edit]

The NASA-ISROSynthetic Aperture Radar,or NISAR satellite, will use advanced radar imaging to map the elevation of Earth's land and ice masses four to six times a month at resolutions of 5 to 10 meters.[9]It is designed to observe and measure some of the planet's most complex natural processes, includingecosystem disturbances,ice-sheet collapse,and natural hazards such asearthquakes,tsunamis,volcanoesandlandslides.[10][11]

The mission is a partnership betweenNASAandISRO.[10]Under the terms of the agreement, NASA will provide the mission'sL-bandsynthetic aperture radar(SAR), a high-rate telecommunication subsystem for scientific dataGPS receivers,a solid-state recorder, and a payload data subsystem. ISRO will provide thesatellite bus,anS-bandsynthetic aperture radar(SAR), the launch vehicle, and associated launch services.[12]

All data from NISAR will be freely available one to two days after observation and within hours in case of emergencies like natural disasters.[9]Data collected from NISAR will reveal information about the evolution and state ofEarth's crust,help scientists better understand our planet's natural processes andchanging climate,and aid future resource and hazard management.[10]

The satellite will bethree-axis stabilized.It will use a 12 m (39 ft) deployable mesh antenna and will operate on both theL-andS-microwave bands.[10]The aperture mesh reflector (antenna) will be supplied by Astro Aerospace, aNorthrop Grummancompany.[13]

ISRO's share of the project cost is about₹788 crore(US$94 million), and NASA's share is about US$808 million.[14][15]

Launch[edit]

The satellite was to be launched from India aboard aGSLV Mark IIon 30 March 2024, but it has been postponed till further notice due to a needed hardware update.[5]The orbit will be asun-synchronous,dawn-to-dusk type. The planned mission life is three years.[1]The satellite was fully integrated in January 2024 and was performing its final testing and analysis in preparation for launch.[16]However, in an interview with theTimes of India,Chairman of ISROS. Somanathsaid that though the GSLV for NISAR will be built by March-April, the satellite is still undergoing tests and they were expecting some delay. They are now expecting to launch the satellite in the second half of the year.[17]Tests found that the reflector might face higher-than-expected temperatures when stowed during flight and so it was returned to the manufacturer in California to apply a reflective coating to mitigate the risk of overheating.[18][19]

Gallery[edit]

  • NISAR diagram
    NISAR diagram
  • NISAR undergoing tests
    NISAR undergoing tests
  • NISAR solar array
    NISAR solar array
  • NISAR's DGA antenna
    NISAR's DGA antenna


Payload[edit]

See also[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toNISAR.

References[edit]

  1. ^abc"Satellite: NISAR".World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 4 January 2020.Retrieved16 March2021.
  2. ^"Optimization of Debris Shields on the NISAR Mission's L-Band Radar Instrument"(PDF).conference.sdo.esoc.esa.int.ESA Space Debris Office. 18–21 April 2017.Retrieved16 March2021.
  3. ^abcd"Overview of NISAR Mission and Airborne L- and S- SAR"(PDF).sac.gov.in.Space Applications Centre, ISRO. August 2018.Retrieved16 March2021.
  4. ^Neeck, Steven."The NASA Earth Science Program and Small Satellites"(PDF).dlr.de.DLR. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 23 November 2018.Retrieved23 November2018.
  5. ^abFoust, Jeff (24 March 2024)."Antenna work delays NISAR launch".SpaceNews.Retrieved2 April2024.In a March 22 statement, NASA said a new launch date for the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission will be set at the end of April.
  6. ^"NISAR Mission".ISRO. 19–20 November 2015. Archived fromthe originalon 4 August 2020.Retrieved16 March2021.
  7. ^Witze, Alexandra (4 February 2019)."Arctic scientists iced out by U.S.–India radar mission".Nature.566(7742): 18.Bibcode:2019Natur.566...18W.doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00278-8.PMID30723349.
  8. ^"NASA, ISRO jointly working on project NISAR".NASA/JPL(Press release). SAR Journal. 26 May 2017.Retrieved16 March2021.
  9. ^ab"Landslide Hazards to Infrastructure"(PDF).nisar.jpl.nasa.gov.NASA (JPL). 2017. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 21 March 2019.Retrieved16 March2021.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  10. ^abcd"NASA-ISRO SAR Mission (NISAR)".Jet Propulsion Laboratory.Retrieved16 March2021.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  11. ^"NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) Mission Science Users' Handbook"(PDF).NASA.Retrieved27 May2021.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  12. ^"U.S., India to Collaborate on Mars Exploration, Earth-Observing Mission".NASA. 30 September 2014.Retrieved16 March2021.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  13. ^White, AnnaMaria (30 October 2015)."NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Selects Northrop Grumman's Astro Aerospace for NISAR Reflector"(Press release). Northrop Grumman Corporation. GlobeNewswire.Retrieved16 March2021.
  14. ^"Rajya Sabha Q. No.2223, Session:243" JOINT PROJECT BETWEEN NASA AND ISRO ""(PDF).Department of Space. 3 August 2017. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 3 August 2017.Retrieved16 March2021.
  15. ^"Joint Project between NASA and ISRO".Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 3 August 2017.Retrieved16 March2021.
  16. ^ab"ISRO's instrument design passes Nasa review".The Times of India.31 July 2014.Retrieved16 March2021.
  17. ^"Nisar only in 2nd half of 2024; Trishna gets nod".The Times of India.19 March 2024.ISSN0971-8257.Retrieved23 March2024.
  18. ^"Isro's Nisar mission launch delayed, key component sent back to NASA".India Today.Retrieved23 March2024.
  19. ^"Work Continues on NISAR Satellite as Mission Looks Toward Launch – NASA-ISRO SAR Mission (NISAR)".blogs.nasa.gov.22 March 2024.Retrieved23 March2024.
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