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The New York Times
All the News That's Fit to Print
The New York Timesprint edition on January 13, 2024
TypeDaily newspaper
FormatBroadsheet
Owner(s)The New York Times Company
Founder(s)
PublisherA. G. Sulzberger
Editor-in-chiefJoseph Kahn
Managing editor
Staff writers1,700 (2023)
FoundedSeptember 18, 1851;172 years ago(1851-09-18)
Political alignmentModern liberalism
Headquarters620 Eighth Avenue
New York City,10018, U.S.
Circulation10,360,000 news subscribers[a](as of May 2024)
Sister newspapersInternational Herald Tribune(1967–2013)
The New York Times International Edition(1943–1967; 2013–present)
ISSN0362-4331(print)
1553-8095(web)
OCLCnumber1645522
Websitenytimes

The New York Times(NYT)[b]is an American daily newspaper based inNew York City.The New York Timescovers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of the longest-running newspapers in the United States, it serves as one of the country'snewspapers of record.As of 2023, the newspaper had 296,330 print subscribers, making it thesecond-largest newspaper by print circulation in the nationbehindThe Wall Street Journalwith 609,650 print subscribers. Including online subscribers, it had a circulation of 9.126 million, the most of any newspaper in the nation. TheTimeshasreceived137Pulitzer Prizesas of 2023, the most of any publication, among other accolades.The New York Timesis published byThe New York Times Company;since 1896, the company has been chaired by the Ochs-Sulzberger family, whose current chairman and the paper's publisher isA. G. Sulzberger.TheTimesis headquartered atThe New York Times BuildinginMidtown Manhattan.

TheTimeswas founded as the conservativeNew-York Daily Timesin 1851, and came to national recognition in the 1870s with its aggressive coverage of corrupt politicianWilliam M. Tweed.Following thePanic of 1893,Chattanooga TimespublisherAdolph Ochsgained a controlling interest in the company. In 1935, Ochs was succeeded by his son-in-law,Arthur Hays Sulzberger,who began a push into European news. Sulzberger's son-in-lawArthur Ochsbecame publisher in 1963, adapting to a changing newspaper industry and introducing radical changes.The New York Timeswas involved in the landmark 1964U.S. Supreme CourtcaseNew York Times Co. v. Sullivan,which restricted the ability of public officials to sue the media fordefamation.

In 1971,The New York Timespublished thePentagon Papers,an internalDepartment of Defensedocument detailing theUnited States's historical involvementin theVietnam War,despite pushback from then-presidentRichard Nixon.In the landmark decisionNew York Times Co. v. United States(1971), the Supreme Court ruled that theFirst Amendmentguaranteed the right to publish thePentagon Papers.In the 1980s, theTimesbegan a two-decade progression to digital technology and launched nytimes in 1996. In the 21st century,The New York Timeshas shifted its publication online amid the globaldecline of newspapers.

TheTimeshas expanded to several other publications, includingThe New York Times Magazine,The New York Times International Edition,andThe New York Times Book Review.In addition, the paper has produced several television series, podcasts — includingThe Daily— and games throughThe New York Times Games.The New York Timeshas been involved inseveral controversiesin its history. TheTimesmaintains regional bureaus staffed with journalists on all six inhabited continents.

History

1851–1896

The New York Timeswas established in 1851 byNew-York TribunejournalistsHenry Jarvis RaymondandGeorge Jones.[4]TheTimesexperienced significant circulation, particularly among conservatives;New-York TribunepublisherHorace Greeleypraised theNew-York Daily Times.[5]During theAmerican Civil War,Timescorrespondents gathered information directly fromConfederatestates.[6]In 1869, Jones inherited the paper from Raymond,[7]who had changed its name toThe New-York Times.[8]Under Jones, theTimesbegan to publish a series of articles criticizingTammany Hallpolitical BossWilliam M. Tweed,despite vehement opposition from other New York newspapers.[9]In 1871,The New-York Timespublished Tammany Hall's accounting books; Tweed was tried in 1873 and sentenced to twelve years in prison. TheTimesearned national recognition for its coverage of Tweed.[10]In 1891, Jones died, creating a management imbroglio in which his children had insufficient business acumen to inherit the company and his will prevented an acquisition of theTimes.[11]Editor-in-chiefCharles Ransom Miller,editorial editor Edward Cary, and correspondent George F. Spinney established a company to manageThe New-York Times,[12]but faced financial difficulties during thePanic of 1893.[13]

1896–1945

In August 1896,Chattanooga TimespublisherAdolph OchsacquiredThe New-York Times,implementing significant alterations to the newspaper's structure. Ochs established theTimesas a merchant's newspaper and removed the hyphen from the newspaper's name.[14]In 1905,The New York TimesopenedTimes Tower,marking expansion.[15]TheTimesexperienced a political realignment in the 1910s amid several disagreements within theRepublican Party.[16]The New York Timesreported on thesinking of theTitanic,as other newspapers were cautious about bulletins circulated by theAssociated Press.[17]Through managing editorCarr Van Anda,theTimesfocused on scientific advancements, reporting onAlbert Einstein's then-unknown theory ofgeneral relativityand becoming involved in thediscovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun.[18]In April 1935, Ochs died, leaving his son-in-lawArthur Hays Sulzbergeras publisher.[19]TheGreat Depressionforced Sulzberger to reduceThe New York Times's operations,[20]and developments in the New York newspaper landscape resulted in the formation of larger newspapers, such as theNew York Herald Tribuneand theNew York World-Telegram.[21]In contrast to Ochs, Sulzberger encouragedwirephotography.[22]

The New York Timesextensively coveredWorld War IIthrough large headlines,[23]reporting on exclusive stories such as theYugoslav coup d'état.[24]Amid the war, Sulzberger began expanding theTimes's operations further, acquiringWQXR-FMin 1944 — the first non-Timesinvestment since the Jones era — and established a fashion show in Times Hall. Despite reductions as a result of conscription,The New York Timesretained the largest journalism staff of any newspaper.[25]TheTimes's print edition became available internationally during the war through theArmy & Air Force Exchange Service;The New York Times Overseas Weeklylater became available in Japan throughThe Asahi Shimbunand in Germany through theFrankfurter Zeitung.The international edition would develop intoa separate newspaper.[26]JournalistWilliam L. Laurencepublicized theatomic bombrace between the United States and Germany, resulting in theFederal Bureau of Investigationseizing copies of theTimes.The United States government recruited Laurence to document theManhattan Projectin April 1945.[27]Laurence became the only witness of the Manhattan Project, a detail realized by employees ofThe New York Timesfollowing theatomic bombing of Hiroshima.[28]

1945–1998

FollowingWorld War II,The New York Timescontinued to expand.[29]TheTimeswas subject to investigations from theSenate Internal Security Subcommittee,aMcCarthyistsubcommittee that investigated purported communism from within press institutions.Arthur Hays Sulzberger's decision to dismiss a copyreader who plead theFifth Amendmentdrew ire from within theTimesand from external organizations.[30]In April 1961, Sulzberger resigned, appointing his son-in-law,The New York Times CompanypresidentOrvil Dryfoos.[31]Under Dryfoos,The New York Timesestablished a newspaper based inLos Angeles.[32]In 1962, the implementation of automatedprinting pressesin response to increasing costs mounted fears overtechnological unemployment.The New York Typographical Union stageda strikein December, altering the media consumption of New Yorkers. The strike left New York with three remaining newspapers — theTimes,theDaily News,and theNew York Post— by its conclusion in March 1963.[33]In May, Dryfoos died of a heart ailment.[34]Following weeks of ambiguity,Arthur Ochs SulzbergerbecameThe New York Times's publisher.[35]

Technological advancements leveraged by newspapers such as theLos Angeles Timesand improvements in coverage fromThe Washington PostandThe Wall Street Journalnecessitated adaptations to nascent computing.[36]The New York Timespublished "Heed Their Rising Voices"in 1960, a full-page advertisement purchased by supporters ofMartin Luther King Jr.criticizing law enforcement inMontgomery, Alabamafor their response to thecivil rights movement.Montgomery Public Safety commissioner L. B. Sullivan sued theTimesfor defamation. InNew York Times Co. v. Sullivan(1964), theU.S. Supreme Courtruled that the verdict in Alabama county court and theSupreme Court of Alabamaviolated theFirst Amendment.[37]The decision is considered to belandmark.[38]After financial losses,The New York Timesended itsinternational edition,acquiring a stake in theParis Herald Tribune,forming theInternational Herald Tribune.[39]TheTimesinitially published thePentagon Papers,facing opposition from then-presidentRichard Nixon.The Supreme Court ruled inThe New York Times's favor inNew York Times Co. v. United States(1971), allowing theTimesandThe Washington Postto publish the papers.[40]

The New York Timesremained cautious in its initial coverage of theWatergate scandal.[41]AsCongressbegan investigating the scandal, theTimesfurthered its coverage,[42]publishing details on theHuston Plan,alleged wiretapping of reporters and officials,[43]and testimony fromJames W. McCord Jr.that theCommittee for the Re-Election of the Presidentpaid the conspirators off.[44]The exodus of readers to suburban New York newspapers, such asNewsdayandGannettpapers, adversely affectedThe New York Times's circulation.[45]Contemporary newspapers balked at additional sections;Timedevoted a cover for its criticism andNew Yorkwrote that theTimeswas engaging in "middle-class self-absorption".[46]The New York Times,theDaily News,and theNew York Postwere the subject ofa strikein 1978,[47]allowing emerging newspapers to leverage halted coverage.[48]TheTimesdeliberately avoided coverage of theAIDS epidemic,running its first front-page article in May 1983.Max Frankel's editorial coverage of the epidemic, with mentions ofanal intercourse,contrasted with then-executive editorA. M. Rosenthal's puritan approach, intentionally avoiding descriptions of the luridity of gay venues.[49]

Following years of waning interest inThe New York Times,Sulzberger resigned in January 1992, appointing his son,Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr.,as publisher.[50]TheInternetrepresented a generational shift within theTimes;Sulzberger, who negotiated The New York Times Company's acquisition ofThe Boston Globein 1993, derided the Internet, while his son expressed antithetical views. @times appeared onAmerica Online's website in May 1994 as an extension ofThe New York Times,featuring news articles, film reviews, sports news, and business articles.[51]Despite opposition, several employees of theTimeshad begun to access the Internet.[52]The online success of publications that traditionally co-existed with theTimes— such as America Online,Yahoo,andCNN— and the expansion of websites such asMonsterandCraigslistthat threatenedThe New York Times'sclassified advertisementmodel increased efforts to develop a website.[53]nytimesdebuted on January 19 and was formally announced three days later.[54]TheTimespublished domestic terroristTed Kaczynski's essayIndustrial Society and Its Futurein 1995, contributing to his arrest after his brotherDavidrecognized the essay's penmanship.[55]

1998–present

Following the establishment ofnytimes,The New York Timesretained its journalistic hesitancy under executive editorJoseph Lelyveld,refusing to publish an article reporting on theClinton–Lewinsky scandalfromDrudge Report.nytimes editors conflicted with print editors on several occasions, including wrongfully naming security guardRichard Jewellas the suspect in theCentennial Olympic Park bombingand covering thedeath of Diana, Princess of Walesin greater detail than the print edition.[56]The New York Times Electronic Media Company was adversely affected by thedot-com crash.[57]TheTimesextensively covered theSeptember 11 attacks.The following day's print issue contained sixty-six articles,[58]the work of over three hundred dispatched reporters.[59]JournalistJudith Millerwas the recipient of a package containing a white powder during the2001 anthrax attacks,furthering anxiety withinThe New York Times.[60]In September 2002, Miller and military correspondentMichael R. Gordonwrote an article for theTimesclaiming that Iraq had purchasedaluminum tubes.The article was cited by then-presidentGeorge W. Bushto claim that Iraq was constructingweapons of mass destruction;the theoretical use of aluminum tubes to produce nuclear material was subject of debate.[61]In March 2003, the United Statesinvaded Iraq,beginning theIraq War.[62]

The New York Timesattracted controversy after thirty-six articles[63]from journalistJayson Blairwere discovered to be plagiarized.[64]Criticism over then-executive editorHowell Rainesand then-managing editorGerald M. Boydmounted following the scandal, culminating in a town hall in which a deputy editor criticized Raines for failing to question Blair's sources in article he wrote on theD.C. sniper attacks.[65]In June 2003, Raines and Boyd resigned.[66]Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr.appointedBill Kelleras executive editor.[67]Miller continued to report on the Iraq War as ajournalistic embedcovering the country's weapons of mass destruction program. Keller and then-Washington bureau chiefJill Abramsonunsuccessfully attempted to subside criticism. Conservative media criticized theTimesover its coverage ofmissing explosivesfrom theAl Qa'qaaweapons facility.[68]An article in December 2005 disclosingwarrantless surveillanceby theNational Security Agencycontributed to further criticism from theGeorge W. Bushadministration and theSenate's refusal to renew thePatriot Act.[69]In thePlame affair,a Central Intelligence Agencyinquiry found that Miller had become aware ofValerie Plame's identity through then-vice presidentDick Cheney's chief of staffScooter Libby,resulting in Miller's resignation.[70]

During theGreat Recession,The New York Timessuffered significant fiscal difficulties as a consequence of thesubprime mortgage crisisand a decline inclassified advertising.[71]Exacerbated byRupert Murdoch's revitalization ofThe Wall Street Journalthrough his acquisition ofDow Jones & Company,The New York Times Companybegan enacting measures to reduce the newsroom budget. The company was forced to borrowUS$250million (equivalent to $353,786,707.88 in 2023) from Mexican billionaireCarlos Slimand fired over one hundred employees by 2010.[72]nytimes 's coverage of theEliot Spitzer prostitution scandal,resulting in the resignation of then-New York governorEliot Spitzer,furthered the legitimacy of the website as a journalistic medium.[73]TheTimes's economic downturn renewed discussions of an online paywall;[74]The New York Timesimplemented a paywall in March 2011.[75]Abramson succeeded Keller,[76]continuing her characteristic investigations into corporate and government malfeasance into theTimes's coverage.[77]Following conflicts with newly appointed chief executiveMark Thompson's ambitions,[78]Abramson was dismissed by Sulzberger Jr., who namedDean Baquetas her replacement.[79]

Leading up to the2016 presidential election,The New York Timeselevated theHillary Clinton email controversy[80]and theUranium One controversy;[81]national security correspondentMichael S. Schmidtinitially wrote an article in March 2015 stating thatHillary Clintonhad used a private email server as secretary of state.[82]Donald Trump's upset victory contributed to an increase in subscriptions to theTimes.[83]The New York Timesexperienced unprecedented indignation from Trump, who referred to publications such as theTimesas "enemies of the people"at theConservative Political Action Conferenceand tweeting his disdain for the newspaper andCNN.[84]In October 2017,The New York Timespublished an article by journalistsJodi KantorandMegan Twoheyalleging that dozens of women had accused film producer andThe Weinstein Companyco-chairmanHarvey Weinsteinof sexual misconduct.[85]The investigation resulted in Weinstein's resignation and conviction,[86]precipitated theWeinstein effect,[87]and served as a catalyst for the#MeToo movement.[88]The New York Times Company vacated the public editor position[89]and eliminated the copy desk in November.[90]Sulzberger Jr. announced his resignation in December 2017, appointing his son,A. G. Sulzberger,as publisher.[91]

Trump's relationship — equally diplomatic and negative — marked Sulzberger's tenure.[92]In September 2018,The New York Timespublished "I Am Part of the Resistance Inside the Trump Administration",ananonymous essayby a self-described Trump administration official later revealed to beDepartment of Homeland Securitychief of staffMiles Taylor.[93]The animosity — which extended to nearly three hundred instances of Trump disparaging theTimesby May 2019 —[94]culminated in Trump informing federal agencies to cancel their subscriptions toThe New York TimesandThe Washington Postin October 2019.[95]Trump's tax returnshave been the subject of three separate investigations.[c]During theCOVID-19 pandemic,theTimesbegan implementing data services and graphs.[99]On May 23, 2020,The New York Times's front page solely featuredU.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss,a subset of the 100,000 people in the United States who died of COVID-19, the first time that theTimes's front page lacked images since they were introduced.[100]Since 2020,The New York Timeshas focused on broader diversification, developing online games and producing television series.[101]The New York Times Company acquiredThe Athleticin January 2022.[102]

Organization

Management

The New York Times Building

Since 1896,The New York Timeshas been published by the Ochs-Sulzberger family, having previously been published byHenry Jarvis Raymonduntil 1869[103]and byGeorge Jonesuntil 1896.[104]Adolph Ochspublished theTimesuntil his death in 1935,[105]when he was succeeded by his son-in-law,Arthur Hays Sulzberger.Sulzberger was publisher until 1961[106]and was succeeded byOrvil Dryfoos,his son-in-law, who served in the position until his death in 1963.[107]Arthur Ochs Sulzbergersucceeded Dryfoos until his resignation in 1992.[108]His son,Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr.,served as publisher until 2018.The New York Times's current publisher isA. G. Sulzberger,Sulzberger Jr.'s son.[91]As of 2023, theTimes's executive editor isJoseph Kahn[109]and the paper's managing editors areMarc LaceyandCarolyn Ryan,having been appointed in June 2022.[110]The New York Times's deputy managing editors areSam Dolnick,[111]Monica Drake,[112]andSteve Duenes,[113]and the paper's assistant managing editors are Matthew Ericson,[114]Jonathan Galinsky, Hannah Poferl,Sam Sifton,Karron Skog,[115]andMichael Slackman.[116]

The New York Timesis owned byThe New York Times Company,a publicly traded company. The New York Times Company, in addition to theTimes,ownsWirecutter,The Athletic,The New York Times Cooking, and The New York Times Games, and acquired Serial Productions and Audm. The New York Times Company holds undisclosed minority investments in multiple other businesses, and formerly ownedThe Boston Globeand several radio and television stations.[117]The New York Times Company is majority-owned by the Ochs-Sulzberger family through elevated shares in the company's dual-class stock structure held largely in a trust, in effect since the 1950s;[118]as of 2022, the family holds ninety-five percent of The New York Times Company'sClass B shares,allowing it to elect seventy percent of the company's board of directors.[119]Class A shareholdershave restrictive voting rights.[120]As of 2023, The New York Times Company's chief executive isMeredith Kopit Levien,the company's former chief operating officer who was appointed in September 2020.[121]

Journalists

As of March 2023, The New York Times Company employs 5,800 individuals,[101]including 1,700 journalists according to deputy managing editorSam Dolnick.[122]Journalists forThe New York Timesmay not run for public office, provide financial support to political candidates or causes, endorse candidates, or demonstrate public support for causes or movements.[123]Journalists are subject to the guidelines established in "Ethical Journalism" and "Guidelines on Integrity".[124]According to the former,Timesjournalists must abstain from using sources with a personal relationship to them and must not accept reimbursements or inducements from individuals who may be written about inThe New York Times,with exceptions for gifts of nominal value.[125]The latter requires attribution and exact quotations, though exceptions are made for linguistic anomalies. Staff writers are expected to ensure the veracity of all written claims, but may delegate researching obscure facts to the research desk.[126]In March 2021, theTimesestablished a committee to avoid journalistic conflicts of interest with work written forThe New York Times,following columnistDavid Brooks's resignation from theAspen Institutefor his undisclosed work on the initiative Weave.[127]

Bureaus ofThe New York Times
Location Chief
AfghanistanPakistanAfghanistanandPakistan Christina Goldbaum[128]
United StatesAlbany,New York, United States Luis Ferré-Sadurní[129]
ArgentinaAndes,South America Julie Turkewitz[130]
IraqBaghdad,Iraq [131]
BrazilBrazil Jack Nicas[132]
BelgiumBrussels,Belgium Matina Stevis-Gridneff[133]
ChinaBeijing, China Keith Bradsher[134]
GermanyBerlin,Germany Katrin Bennhold[135]
EgyptCairo,Egypt Vivian Yee[136]
United StatesChicago, Illinois, United States Julie Bosman[137]
PolandEasternand Central Europe[d] Andrew Higgins[138]
United StatesHouston,Texas, United States J. David Goodman[139]
TurkeyIstanbul,Turkey Ben Hubbard[140]
UkraineKyiv,Ukraine Andrew Kramer[141]
IsraelJerusalem,Israel Patrick Kingsley[142]
South AfricaJohannesburg,South Africa John Eligon[143]
United KingdomLondon, England Mark Landler[144]
United StatesLos Angeles, California, United States Corina Knoll[145]
United StatesMiami, Florida Patricia Mazzei[146]
United StatesMid-Atlantic,United States[e] Campbell Robertson[147]
RussiaMoscow, Russia Anton Troianovski[138]
MexicoMexico City,Mexico Natalie Kitroeff[148]
United StatesNew England,United States Jenna Russell[149]
United StatesNew York City Hall,New York, United States Emma Fitzsimmons[150]
United StatesNew York Police Department,New York, United States Maria Cramer[151]
FranceParis, France Roger Cohen[152]
Saudi ArabiaPersian Gulf[f] Vivian Nereim[153]
ItalyRome,Italy Jason Horowitz[154]
United StatesSan Francisco, California, United States Heather Knight[155]
United StatesSeattle,Washington, United States Mike Baker[156]
IndiaSouth Asia[g] Mujib Mashal[158]
ThailandSoutheast Asia[h] Sui-Lee Wee[159]
South KoreaSeoul,South Korea Choe Sang-Hun[160]
ChinaShanghai, China Alexandra Stevenson[134]
AustraliaSydney Damien Cave[161]
JapanTokyo, Japan Motoko Rich[162]
United NationsUnited Nations Farnaz Fassihi[163]
United StatesWashington, D.C., United States Elisabeth Bumiller[164]
SenegalWest Africa[i] Ruth Maclean[165]

Editorial board

The New York Times
editorial board

The New York Timeseditorial board was established in 1896 byAdolph Ochs.With the opinion department, the editorial board is independent of the newsroom.[166]Then-editor-in-chiefCharles Ransom Millerserved as opinion editor from 1883 until his death in 1922.[167]Rollo Ogdensucceeded Miller until his death in 1937.[168]From 1937 to 1938,John Huston Finleyserved as opinion editor; in a prearranged plan,Charles Merzsucceeded Finley.[169]Merz served in the position until his retirement in 1961.[170]John Bertram Oakesserved as opinion editor from 1961 to 1976, when then-publisherArthur Ochs SulzbergerappointedMax Frankel.[171]Frankel served in the position until 1986, when he was appointed as executive editor.[172]Jack Rosenthalwas the opinion editor from 1986 to 1993.[173]Howell Rainessucceeded Rosenthal until 2001, when he was made executive editor.[174]Gail Collinssucceeded Raines until her resignation in 2006.[175]From 2007 to 2016,Andrew Rosenthalwas the opinion editor.[176]James Bennetsucceeded Rosenthal until his resignation in 2020.[177]As of 2023, the editorial board comprises fourteen opinion writers.[178]The New York Times's opinion editor isKathleen Kingsbury[179]and the deputy opinion editor is Patrick Healy.[115]

The New York Times's editorial board was initially opposed to liberal beliefs, opposingwomen's suffragein 1900 and 1914. The editorial board began to espouse progressive beliefs during Oakes' tenure, conflicting with the Ochs-Sulzberger family, of which Oakes was a member asAdolph Ochs's nephew; in 1976, Oakes publicly disavowed with Sulzberger's endorsement ofDaniel Patrick MoynihanoverBella Abzugin the1976 Senate Democratic primariesin a letter sent fromMartha's Vineyard.Under Rosenthal, the editorial board took positions supportingassault weapons legislationand thelegalization of marijuana,but publicly criticized theObama administrationover its portrayal of terrorism.[176]Since 1960,The New York TimeshasendorsedDemocratic candidates, supporting a total of twelve Republican candidates and thirty Democratic candidates.[180][181][j]With the exception ofWendell Willkie,theTimes's Republican presidential endorsements have won the general election. In 2016, the editorial board issued an anti-endorsement againstDonald Trumpfor the first time in its history.[182]

Unionization

Since 1940, editorial, media, and technology workers ofThe New York Timeshave been represented by theNew York Times Guild.The Times Guild, along with the Times Tech Guild, are represented by theNewsGuild-CWA.[183]In 1940,Arthur Hays Sulzbergerwas called upon by theNational Labor Relations Boardamid accusations that he had discouraged Guild membership in theTimes.Over the next few years, the Guild would ratify several contracts, expanding to editorial and news staff in 1942 and maintenance workers in 1943.[184]The New York Times Guild has walked out several times in its history, including for six and a half hours in 1981[185]and in 2017, when copy editors and reporters walked out at lunchtime in response to the elimination of the copy desk.[186]On December 7, 2022, the union held a one-day strike,[187]the first interruption toThe New York Timessince 1978.[188]The New York Times Guild reached an agreement in May 2023 to increase minimum salaries for employees and a retroactive bonus.[189]The Times Tech Guild is the largesttechnology unionwithcollective bargainingrights in the United States.[190]

Content

Circulation

As of May 2024,The New York Timeshas 10.5 million subscribers, with 9.9 million online subscribers and 640,000 print subscribers,[191]thesecond-largest newspaper by print circulationin the United States behindThe Wall Street Journal.[192]The New York Times Company intends to have fifteen million subscribers by 2027.[193]TheTimes's shift towards subscription-based revenue with the debut of an online paywall in 2011 contributed to subscription revenue exceeding advertising revenue the following year, furthered by the2016 presidential electionandDonald Trump.[194]In 2022,Voxwrote thatThe New York Times's subscribers skew "older, richer, whiter, and more liberal"; to reflect the general population of the United States, theTimeshas attempted to alter its audience by acquiringThe Athletic,investing in verticals such asThe New York Times Games,and beginning a marketing campaign showing diverse subscribers to theTimes.The New York Times Company chief executiveMeredith Kopit Levienstated that the average age of subscribers has remained constant.[195]

Newsletters

In October 2001,The New York Timesbegan publishingDealBook,a financial newsletter edited byAndrew Ross Sorkin.TheTimeshad intended to publish the newsletter in September, but delayed its debut following theSeptember 11 attacks.[196]A website forDealBookwas established in March 2006.[197]The New York Timesbegan shifting towardsDealBookas part of the newspaper's financial coverage in November 2010 with a renewed website and a presence in theTimes's print edition.[198]In 2011, theTimesbegan hosting the DealBook Summit, an annual conference hosted by Sorkin.[199]During theCOVID-19 pandemic,The New York Timeshosted the DealBook Online Summit in 2020[200]and 2021.[201]The 2022 DealBook Summit featured — among other speakers — former vice presidentMike Penceand Israeli prime ministerBenjamin Netanyahu,[202]culminating in an interview with formerFTXchief executiveSam Bankman-Fried;FTX hadfiled for bankruptcyseveral weeks prior.[203]The 2023 DealBook Summit's speakers included vice presidentKamala Harris,Israeli presidentIsaac Herzog,and businessmanElon Musk.[199]

In June 2010,The New York Timeslicensed the political blogFiveThirtyEightin a three-year agreement.[204]The blog, written byNate Silver,had garnered attention during the2008 presidential electionfor predicting the elections in forty-nine of fifty states.FiveThirtyEightappeared on nytimes in August.[205]According to Silver, several offers were made for the blog; Silver wrote that a merger of unequals must allow for editorial sovereignty and resources from the acquirer, comparing himself toGroucho Marx.[206]According toThe New Republic,FiveThirtyEightdrew as much as a fifth of the traffic to nytimes during the2012 presidential election.[207]In July 2013,FiveThirtyEightwas sold toESPN.[208]In an article following Silver's exit, public editorMargaret Sullivanwrote that he was disruptive to theTimes's culture for his perspective on probability-based predictions and scorn for polling — having stated that punditry is "fundamentally useless", comparing him toBilly Beane,who implementedsabermetricsin baseball. According to Sullivan, his work was criticized by several notable political journalists.[209]

The New Republicobtained a memo in November 2013 revealing then-Washington bureau chiefDavid Leonhardt's ambitions to establish a data-driven newsletter with presidential historianMichael Beschloss,graphic designerAmanda Cox,economistJustin Wolfers,andThe New RepublicjournalistNate Cohn.[210]By March, Leonhardt had amassed fifteen employees from withinThe New York Times;the newsletter's staff included individuals who had created theTimes's dialect quiz,fourth downanalyzer, and a calculator for determining buying or renting a home.[211]The Upshotdebuted in April 2014.[212]Fast Companyreviewed an article aboutIllinoisSecure Choice — a state-funded retirement saving system — as "neither a terse news item, nor a formal financial advice column, nor a politically charged response to economic policy", citing its informal and neutral tone.[213]The Upshotdeveloped "the needle" for the2016 presidential electionand2020 presidential elections,a thermometer dial displaying the probability of a candidate winning.[214]In January 2016, Cox was named editor ofThe Upshot.[215]Kevin Quealy was named editor in June 2022.[216]

Political positions

According to an internal readership poll conducted byThe New York Timesin 2019, eighty-four percent of readers identified as liberal.[217]

Crossword

In February 1942,The New York Timescrossworddebuted inThe New York Times Magazine;according to Richard Shepard, theattack on Pearl Harborin December 1941 convinced then-publisherArthur Hays Sulzbergerof the necessity of a crossword.[218]

Cooking

The New York Timeshas published recipes since the 1850s and has had a separate food section since the 1940s.[219]In 1961, restaurant criticCraig ClaibornepublishedThe New York Times Cookbook,[220]an unauthorized cookbook that drew from theTimes's recipes.[221]Since 2010, former food editorAmanda Hesserhas publishedThe Essential New York Times Cookbook,a compendium of recipes fromThe New York Times.[222]TheInnovation Reportin 2014 revealed that theTimeshad attempted to establish a cooking website since 1998, but faced difficulties with the absence of a defined data structure.[223]In September 2014,The New York Timesintroduced NYT Cooking, an application and website.[224]Edited by food editorSam Sifton,[221]theTimes's cooking website features 21,000 recipes as of 2022.[225]NYT Cooking features videos as part of an effort by Sifton to hire two formerTastyemployees fromBuzzFeed.[221]In August 2023, NYT Cooking added personalized recommendations through thecosine similarityof text embeddings of recipe titles.[226]The website also features no-recipe recipes, a concept proposed by Sifton.[227]

In May 2016, The New York Times Company announced a partnership with startup Chef'd to form a meal delivery service that would deliver ingredients from The New York Times Cooking recipes to subscribers;[228]Chef'd shut down in July 2018 after failing to accrue capital and secure financing.[229]The Hollywood Reporterreported in September 2022 that theTimeswould expand its delivery options toUS$95cooking kits curated by chefs such asNina Compton,Chintan Pandya, and Naoko Takei Moore. That month, the staff of NYT Cooking went on tour with Compton, Pandya, and Moore in Los Angeles,New Orleans,and New York City, culminating in a food festival.[230]In addition,The New York Timesoffered its ownwine cluboriginally operated by the Global Wine Company. The New York Times Wine Club was established in August 2009, during a dramatic decrease in advertising revenue.[231]By 2021, the wine club was managed byLot18,a company that provides proprietary labels. Lot18 managed theWilliams SonomaWine Club and its own wine club Tasting Room.[232]

Archives

The New York Timesarchives its articles ina basement annexbeneath its building known as "the morgue", a venture started by managing editorCarr Van Andain 1907. The morgue comprises news clippings, a pictures library, and theTimes's book and periodicals library. As of 2014, it is the largest library of any media company, dating back to 1851.[233]In November 2018,The New York Timespartnered withGoogleto digitize the Archival Library.[234]Additionally,The New York Timeshas maintained a virtual microfilm reader known as TimesMachine since 2014. The service launched with archives from 1851 to 1980; in 2016, TimesMachine expanded to include archives from 1981 to 2002. TheTimesbuilt a pipeline to take inTIFFimages, article metadata inXMLand anINI fileofCartesian geometrydescribing the boundaries of the page, and convert it into aPNGof image tiles andJSONcontaining the information in the XML and INI files. The image tiles are generated usingGDALand displayed usingLeaflet,using data from acontent delivery network.TheTimesranoptical character recognitionon the articles usingTesseractandshingledandfuzzy string matchedthe result.[235]

Content management system

The New York Timesuses a proprietary[236]content management systemknown as Scoop for its online content and theMicrosoft Word-based content management systemCCIfor its print content. Scoop was developed in 2008 to serve as a secondary content management system for editors working in CCI to publish their content on theTimes's website; as part ofThe New York Times's online endeavors, editors now write their content in Scoop and send their work to CCI for print publication. Since its introduction, Scoop has superseded several processes within theTimes,including print edition planning and collaboration, and features tools such as multimedia integration, notifications, content tagging, and drafts.The New York Timesuses private articles for high-profile opinion pieces, such as those written by Russian presidentVladimir Putinand actressAngelina Jolie,and for high-level investigations.[237]In January 2012, theTimesreleased Integrated Content Editor (ICE), a revision tracking tool forWordPressandTinyMCE.ICE is integrated within theTimes's workflow by providing a unified text editor for print and online editors, reducing the divide between print and online operations.[238]

By 2017,[239]The New York Timesbegan developing a new authoring tool to its content management system known as Oak, in an attempt to further theTimes's visual efforts in articles and reduce the discrepancy between the mediums in print and online articles.[240]The system reduces the input of editors and supports additional visual mediums in an editor that resembles the appearance of the article.[239]Oak is based on ProseMirror, aJavaScriptrich-text editor toolkit, and retains the revision tracking and commenting functionalities ofThe New York Times's previous systems. Additionally, Oak supports predefined article headers.[241]In 2019, Oak was updated to support collaborative editing usingFirebaseto update editors's cursor status. Several Google Cloud Functions and Google Cloud Tasks allow articles to be previewed as they will be printed, and theTimes's primaryMySQLdatabase is regularly updated to update editors on the article status.[242]

Style and design

Style guide

Since 1895,The New York Timeshas maintained amanual of stylein several forms.The New York Times Manual of Style and Usagewas published on theTimes'sintranetin 1999.[243]

The New York Timesuseshonorificswhen referring to individuals. With theAP Stylebook's removal of honorifics in 2000 andThe Wall Street Journal's omission of courtesy titles in May 2023, theTimesis the only national newspaper that continues to use honorifics. According to former copy editor Merrill Perlman,The New York Timescontinues to use honorifics as a "sign of civility".[244]TheTimes's use of courtesy titles led to an apocryphal rumor that the paper had referred to singerMeat Loafas "Mr. Loaf".[245]Several exceptions have been made; the former sports section andThe New York Times Book Reviewdo not use honorifics.[246]A leaked memo following thekilling of Osama bin Ladenin May 2011 revealed that editors were given a last-minute instruction to omit the honorific fromOsama bin Laden's name, consistent with deceased figures of historic significance, such asAdolf Hitler,Napoleon,andVladimir Lenin.[247]The New York Timesuses academic and military titles for individuals prominently serving in that position.[248]In 1986, theTimesbegan to useMs,[246]and introduced the gender-neutral titleMx.in 2015.[249]The New York Timesuses initials when a subject has expressed a preference, such asDonald Trump.[250]

The New York Timesmaintains a strict but not absolute obscenity policy, including phrases. In a review of the Canadianhardcore punkbandFucked Up,music criticKelefa Sannehwrote that the band's name—entirely rendered in asterisks—would not be printed in theTimes"unless an American president, or someone similar, says it by mistake";[251]The New York Timesdid not repeat then-vice presidentDick Cheney's use of "fuck" against then-senatorPatrick Leahyin 2004[252]or then-vice presidentJoe Biden's remarks that the passage of theAffordable Care Actin 2010 was a "big fucking deal".[253]TheTimes's profanity policy has been tested by former presidentDonald Trump.The New York Timespublished Trump'sAccess Hollywoodtapein October 2016 containing the words "fuck", "pussy", "bitch", and "tits", the first time the publication had published an expletive on its front page,[254]and repeated an explicit phrase for fellatio stated by then-White Housecommunications directorAnthony Scaramucciin July 2017.[255]The New York Timesomitted Trump's use of the phrase "shithole countries"from its headline in favor of" vulgar language "in January 2018.[256]TheTimesbanned certain words, such as "bitch", "whore", and "sluts", fromWordlein 2022.[257]

Headlines

Journalists forThe New York Timesdo not write their own headlines, but rather copy editors who specifically write headlines. TheTimes's guidelines insist headline editors get to the main point of an article but avoid giving away endings, if present. Other guidelines include using slang "sparingly", avoidingtabloid headlines,not ending a line on a preposition, article, or adjective, and chiefly, not to pun.The New York Times Manual of Style and Usagestates that wordplay, such as "Rubber Industry Bounces Back", is to be tested on a colleague as acanary is to be tested in a coal mine;"when no song bursts forth, start rewriting".[258]The New York Timeshas amended headlines due to controversy. In 2019, following two back-to-back mass shootings inEl PasoandDayton,theTimesused the headline, "Trump Urges Unity vs. Racism", to describe then-presidentDonald Trump's words after the shootings. After criticism fromFiveThirtyEightfounderNate Silver,the headline was changed to, "Assailing Hate But Not Guns".[259]

Online,The New York Times's headlines do not face the same length restrictions as headlines that appear in print; print headlines must fit within a column, often six words. Additionally, headlines must "break" properly, containing a complete thought on each line without splitting up prepositions and adverbs. Writers may edit a headline to fit an article more aptly if further developments occur. TheTimesusesA/B testingfor articles on the front page, placing two headlines against each other. At the end of the test, the headlines that receives more traffic is chosen.[260]The alteration of a headline regarding intercepted Russian data used in theMueller special counsel investigationwas noted by Trump in a March 2017 interview withTime,in which he claimed that the headline used the word "wiretapped" in the print version of the paper on January 20, while the digital article on January 19 omitted the word. The headline was intentionally changed in the print version to use "wiretapped" in order to fit within the print guidelines.[261]

Nameplate

The nameplate ofThe New York Timeshas been unaltered since 1967. In creating the initial nameplate,Henry Jarvis Raymondsought to modelThe London Times,which usedtexturapopularized following thefall of the Western Roman Empireand regional variations ofAlcuin's script, as well as a period. With the change toThe New-York Timeson September 14, 1857, the nameplate followed. UnderGeorge Jones,theterminalsof the "N", "r", and "s" were intentionally exaggerated into swashes. The nameplate in the January 15, 1894, issue trimmed the terminals once more, smoothed the edges, and turned the stem supporting the "T" into an ornament. The hyphen was dropped on December 1, 1896, afterAdolph Ochspurchased the paper. Thedescenderof the "h" was shortened on December 30, 1914. The largest change to the nameplate was introduced on February 21, 1967, when type designerEd Benguiatredesigned the logo, most prominently turning the arrow ornament into a diamond. Notoriously, the new logo dropped the period that remained with theTimesup until that point; one reader compared the omission of the period to "performing plastic surgery onHelen of Troy."Picture editor John Radosta worked with aNew York Universityprofessor to determine that dropping the period saved the paperUS$41.28(equivalent to $377.21 in 2023).[262]

Print edition

Design and layout

As of December 2023,The New York Timeshas printed sixty thousand issues, a statistic represented in the paper's masthead to the right of the volume number, theTimes's years in publication written inRoman numerals.[263]The volume and issues are separated by four dots representing the edition number of that issue; on the day of the 2000 presidential election, theTimeswas revised four separate times, necessitating the use of anem dashin place of an ellipsis.[264]The em dash issue was printed hundreds times over before being replaced by the one-dot issue. Despite efforts by newsroom employees to recycle copies sent toThe New York Times's office, several copies were kept, including one put on display at the Museum at The Times.[265]From February 7, 1898, to December 31, 1999, theTimes's issue number was incorrect by five hundred issues, an error suspected byThe Atlanticto be the result of a careless front page type editor. The misreporting was noticed by news editor Aaron Donovan, who was calculating the number of issues in a spreadsheet and noticed the discrepancy.The New York Timescelebrated fifty thousand issues on March 14, 1995, an observance that should have occurred on July 26, 1996.[266]

The New York Timeshas reduced the physical size of its print edition while retaining itsbroadsheetformat.The New-York Daily Timesdebuted at 18 inches (460 mm) across. By the 1950s, theTimeswas being printed at 16 inches (410 mm) across. In 1953, an increase in paper costs toUS$10(equivalent to $113.88 in 2023) a ton increased newsprint costs toUS$21.7million (equivalent to $308,616,417.91 in 2023) On December 28, 1953, the pages were reduced to 15.5 inches (390 mm). On February 14, 1955, a further reduction to 15 inches (380 mm) occurred, followed by 14.5 and 13.5 inches (370 and 340 mm). On August 6, 2007, the largest cut occurred when the pages were reduced to 12 inches (300 mm),[k]a decision that other broadsheets had previously considered. Then-executive editorBill Kellerstated that a narrower paper would be more beneficial to the reader but acknowledged a net loss in article space of five percent.[267]In 1985, The New York Times Company established a minority stake in aUS$21.7million (equivalent to $308,616,417.91 in 2023) newsprint plant inClermont, QuebecthroughDonahue Malbaie.[268]The company sold its equity interest in Donahue Malbaie in 2017.[269]

The New York Timesoften uses large, bolded headlines for major events. For the print version of theTimes,these headlines are written by one copy editor, reviewed by two other copy editors, approved by the masthead editors, and polished by other print editors. The process is completed before 8 p.m., but it may be repeated if further development occur, as did take place during the2020 presidential election.On the dayJoe Bidenwas declared the winner,The New York Timesutilized a "hammer headline" reading, "Biden Beats Trump", in all caps and bolded. A dozen journalists discussed several potential headlines, such as "It's Biden" or "Biden's Moment", and prepared for aDonald Trumpvictory, in which they would use "Trump Prevails".[270]During Trump'sfirst impeachment,theTimesdrafted the hammer headline, "Trump Impeached".The New York Timesaltered theligaturesbetween the E and the A, as not doing so would leave a noticeable gap due to the stem of the A sloping away from the E. TheTimesreused the tightkerningfor "Biden Beats Trump" and Trump'ssecond impeachment,which simply read, "Impeached".[271]

In cases where two major events occur on the same day or immediately after each other,The New York Timeshas used a "paddle wheel" headline, where both headlines are used but split by a line. The term dates back to August 8, 1959, when it was revealed that the United States was monitoring Soviet missile firings and whenExplorer 6— shaped like apaddle wheel— launched. Since then, the paddle wheel has been used several times, including on January 21, 1981, whenRonald Reaganwassworn inminutes beforeIranreleased fifty-two American hostages, ending theIran hostage crisis.At the time, most newspapers favored the end of the hostage crisis, but theTimesplaced the inauguration above the crisis. Since 1981, the paddle wheel has been used twice; on July 26, 2000, when the2000 Camp David Summitended without an agreement and when Bush announced thatDick Cheneywould be his running mate, and on June 24, 2016, when theUnited Kingdom European Union membership referendumpassed, beginningBrexit,and when theSupreme Courtdeadlocked inUnited States v. Texas.[272]

The New York Timeshas run editorials from its editorial board on the front page twice. On June 13, 1920, theTimesran an editorial opposingWarren G. Harding,who was nominated during that year'sRepublican Party presidential primaries.[273]Amid growing acceptance to run editorials on the front pages[274]from publications such as theDetroit Free Press,The Patriot-News,The Arizona Republic,andThe Indianapolis Star,The New York Timesran an editorial on its front page on December 5, 2015, followinga terrorist attackinSan Bernardino, California,in which fourteen people were killed.[275]The editorial advocates for the prohibition of "slightly modified combat rifles" used in the San Bernardino shooting and "certain kinds of ammunition".[273]Conservative figures, includingTexassenatorTed Cruz,The Weekly StandardeditorBill Kristol,Fox & Friendsco-anchorSteve Doocy,and then-New JerseygovernorChris Christiecriticized theTimes.Talk radio hostErick Ericksonacquired an issue ofThe New York Timesto fire several rounds into the paper, posting a picture online.[276]

Printing process

The New York Times's distribution center inCollege Point, Queens

Since 1997,[277]The New York Times's primary distribution center is located inCollege Point, Queens.The facility is 300,000 sq ft (28,000 m2) and employs 170 people as of 2017. The College Point distribution center prints 300,000 to 800,000 newspapers daily. On most occasions, presses start before 11 p.m. and finish before 3 a.m. A robotic crane grabs a roll of newsprint and several rollers ensure ink can be printed on paper. The final newspapers are wrapped in plastic and shipped out.[278]As of 2018, the College Point facility accounted for 41 percent of production. Other copies are printed at 26 other publications, such asThe Atlanta Journal-Constitution,The Dallas Morning News,The Santa Fe New Mexican,and theCourier Journal.With thedecline of newspapers,particularly regional publications, theTimesmust travel further; for example, newspapers for Hawaii are flown from San Francisco onUnited Airlines,and Sunday papers are flown from Los Angeles onHawaiian Airlines.Computer glitches, mechanical issues, and weather phenomena affect circulation but do not stop the paper from reaching customers.[279]The College Point facility prints over two dozen other papers, includingThe Wall Street JournalandUSA Today.[280]

The New York Timeshas halted its printing process several times to account for major developments. The first printing stoppage occurred on March 31, 1968, when then-presidentLyndon B. Johnsonannounced that he would not seek a second term. Other press stoppages include May 19, 1994, for the death of former first ladyJacqueline Kennedy Onassis,and July 17, 1996, forTrans World Airlines Flight 800.The2000 presidential electionnecessitated two press stoppages.Al Goreappeared to concede on November 8, forcing then-executive editorJoseph Lelyveldto stop theTimes's presses to print a new headline, "Bush Appears to Defeat Gore", with a story that statedGeorge W. Bushwas elected president. However, Gore held off his concession speech over doubts overFlorida.Lelyveld reran the headline, "Bush and Gore Vie for an Edge". Since 2000, three printing stoppages have been issued for the death ofWilliam Rehnquiston September 3, 2005, for thekilling of Osama bin Ladenon May 1, 2011, and for the passage of theMarriage Equality Actin theNew York State Assemblyand subsequent signage by then-governorAndrew Cuomoon June 24, 2011.[281]

Online platforms

Website

The New York Times website is hosted at nytimes. It has undergone several major redesigns and infrastructure developments since its debut. In April 2006,The New York Timesredesigned its website with an emphasis on multimedia.[282]In preparation forSuper Tuesdayin February 2008, theTimesdeveloped a live election system using theAssociated Press'sFile Transfer Protocol(FTP) service and aRuby on Railsapplication; nytimes experienced its largest traffic on Super Tuesday and the day after.[283]

Applications

The NYTimes application debuted with the introduction of theApp Storeon July 10, 2008.Engadget's Scott McNulty wrote critically of the app, negatively comparing it toThe New York Times's mobile website.[284]AniPadversion with select articles was released on April 3, 2010, with the release of thefirst-generation iPad.[285]In October,The New York Timesexpanded NYT Editors' Choice to include the paper's full articles. NYT for iPad was free until 2011.[286]TheTimesapplications oniPhoneandiPadbegan offering in-app subscriptions in July 2011.[287]TheTimesreleased aweb applicationfor iPad — featuring a format summarizing trending headlines onTwitter[288]— and aWindows 8application in October 2012.[289]

Efforts to ensure profitability through an online magazine and a "Need to Know" subscription emerged inAdweekin July 2013.[290]In March 2014,The New York Timesannounced three applications — NYT Now, an application that offers pertinent news in a blog format, and two unnamed applications, later known as NYT Opinion[291]and NYT Cooking[223]— to diversify its product laterals.[292]

Podcasts

The Dailyis the modern front page ofThe New York Times.

Sam Dolnick,speaking toIntelligencerin January 2020[293]

The New York Timesmanages several podcasts, including multiple podcasts with Serial Productions. TheTimes's longest-running podcast isThe Book Review Podcast,[294]debuting asInsideThe New York Times Book Reviewin April 2006.[295]

The New York Times's defining podcast isThe Daily,[293]a daily news podcast hosted byMichael Barbaroand, since March 2022,Sabrina Tavernise.[296]The podcast debuted on February 1, 2017.[297]

In October 2021,The New York Timesbegan testing "New York Times Audio", an application featuring podcasts from theTimes,audio versions of articles — including from other publications through Audm, and archives fromThis American Life.[298]The application debuted in May 2023 exclusively oniOSforTimessubscribers. New York Times Audio includes exclusive podcasts such asThe Headlines,a daily news recap, andShorts,short audio stories under ten minutes. In addition, a "Reporter Reads" section featuresTimesjournalists reading their articles and providing commentary.[299]

Games

The New York Timeshas used video games as part of its journalistic efforts, among the first publications to do so,[300]contributing to an increase in Internet traffic;[301]the publication has also developed its own video games. In 2014,The New York Times MagazineintroducedSpelling Bee,aword gamein which players guess words from a set of letters in ahoneycomband are awarded points for the length of the word and receive extra points if the word is apangram.[302]The game was proposed byWill Shortz,created byFrank Longo,and has been maintained bySam Ezersky.In May 2018,Spelling Beewas published on nytimes, furthering its popularity.[303]In February 2019, theTimesintroducedLetter Boxed,in which players form words from letters placed on the edges of a square box,[304]followed in June 2019 byTiles,amatching gamein which players form sequences of tile pairings, andVertex,in which players connect vertices to assemble an image.[305]In July 2023,The New York TimesintroducedConnections,in which players identify groups of words that are connected by a common property.[306]In April, theTimesintroducedDigits,a game that required usingoperationson different values to reach a set number;Digitswas shut down in August.[307]In March 2024,The New York TimesreleasedStrands,a themedword search.[308]

In January 2022, The New York Times Company acquiredWordle,a word game developed byJosh Wardlein 2021, at a valuation in the "low-seven figures".[309]The acquisition was proposed by David Perpich, a member of the Sulzberger family who proposed the purchase to Knight[310]overSlackafter reading about the game.[311]The Washington Postpurportedly considered acquiringWordle,according toVanity Fair.[310]At the 2022Game Developers Conference,Wardle stated that he was overwhelmed by the volume ofWordlefacsimiles and overzealous monetization practices in other games.[312]Concerns overThe New York TimesmonetizingWordleby implementing a paywall mounted;[313]Wordleis a client-sidebrowser gameand can be played offline by downloading its webpage.[314]Wordlemoved to theTimes's servers and website in February.[315]The game was added to the NYT Games application in August,[316]necessitating it be rewritten in theJavaScriptlibraryReact.[317]In November,The New York Timesannounced thatTracy Bennettwould be theWordle's editor.[318]

Other publications

The New York Times Magazine

The New York Times MagazineandThe Boston Globe Magazineare the only weekly Sunday magazines followingThe Washington Post Magazine's cancellation in December 2022.[319]

The New York Times International Edition

The New York Times in Spanish

In February 2016,The New York Timesintroduced a Spanish website,The New York Times en Español.[320]The website, intended to be read on mobile devices, would contain translated articles from theTimesand reporting from journalists based inMexico City.[321]TheTimes en Español's style editor is Paulina Chavira, who has advocated for pluralistic Spanish to accommodate the variety of nationalities in the newsroom's journalists and wrote a stylebook forThe New York Times en Español[322]Articles theTimesintends to publish in Spanish are sent to a translation agency and adapted for Spanish writing conventions; the present progressive tense may be used for forthcoming events in English, but other tenses are preferable in Spanish. TheTimes en Españolconsults theReal Academia EspañolaandFundéuand frequently modifies the use of diacritics — such as using an acute accent for theCártel de Sinaloabut not theCartel de Medellín— and using the gender-neutral pronounelle.[323]Headlines inThe New York Times en Españolare not capitalized. TheTimes en EspañolpublishesEl Times,a newsletter led by Elda Cantú intended for all Spanish speakers.[324]In September 2019,The New York TimesendedThe New York Times en Español's separate operations.[325]A study published inThe Translatorin 2023 found that theTimes en Españolengaged intabloidization.[326]

The New York Times in Chinese

In June 2012,The New York Timesintroduced a Chinese website,New York thời báo tiếng Trung,in response to Chinese editions created byThe Wall Street Journaland theFinancial Times.Conscious tocensorship,theTimesestablished servers outside of China and affirmed that the website would uphold the paper's journalistic standards; thegovernment of Chinahad previously blocked articles from nytimes through theGreat Firewall,[327]and the website was blocked in China until August 2001 after then-general secretaryJiang Zeminmet with journalists fromThe New York Times.[328]Then-foreign editorJoseph Kahnassisted in the establishment of cn.nytimes, an effort that contributed to his appointment as executive editor in April 2022.[329]In October,New York thời báo tiếng Trungpublished an article detailing the wealth of then-premierWen Jiabao's family. In response, the government of China blocked access to nytimes and cn.nytimes and references to theTimesand Wen were censored on microblogging serviceSina Weibo.[328]In March 2015, amirrorofNew York thời báo tiếng Trungand the website forGreatFirewere the targets for a government-sanctioneddistributed denial of serviceattack onGitHubin March 2015, disabling access to the service for several days.[330]Chinese authorities requested the removal ofThe New York Times's news applications from theApp Storein December 2016.[331]

Awards and recognition

Awards

As of 2023,The New York Timeshasreceived137Pulitzer Prizes,[332]the most of any publication.[333]

Recognition

The New York Timesis considered anewspaper of recordin the United States.[l]TheTimesis the largest metropolitan newspaper in the United States;[337]as of 2022,The New York Timesis thesecond-largest newspaper by print circulationin the United States behindThe Wall Street Journal.[192]

A study published inScience, Technology, & Human Valuesin 2013 found thatThe New York Timesreceived more citations in academic journals than theAmerican Sociological Review,Research Policy,or theHarvard Law Review.[338]With sixteen million unique records, theTimesis the third-most referenced source inCommon Crawl,a collection of online material used in datasets such asGPT-3,behindWikipediaand a United States patent database.[339]

The New Yorker's Max Norman wrote in March 2023 that theTimeshas shaped mainstream English usage.[340]In a January 2018 article forThe Washington Post,Margaret Sullivanstated thatThe New York Timesaffects the "whole media and political ecosystem".[341]

The New York Times's nascent success has led to concerns over media consolidation, particularly amid thedecline of newspapers.In 2006, economists Lisa George andJoel Waldfogelexamined the consequences of theTimes's national distribution strategy and audience with circulation of local newspapers, finding that local circulation decreased among college-educated readers.[342]The effect ofThe New York Timesin this manner was observed inThe Forum of Fargo-Moorhead,the newspaper of record forFargo, North Dakota.[343]AxiosfounderJim VandeHeiopined that theTimesis "going to basically be a monopoly" in an opinion piece written by then-media columnist and formerBuzzFeed Newseditor-in-chiefBen Smith;in the article, Smith cites the strength ofThe New York Times's journalistic workforce, broadening content, and the expropriation ofGawkereditor-in-chiefChoire Sicha,Recodeeditor-in-chiefKara Swisher,andQuartzeditor-in-chief Kevin Delaney. Smith compared theTimesto theNew York Yankeesduring their1927 seasoncontainingMurderers' Row.[344]

Controversies

In 1906, TheTimespublished justifications for a controversialhuman zooexhibit at the Bronx zoo which contained the Congolese manOta Benga.[345][346][347]

Russian Revolution

Walter LippmannandCharles Merzinvestigated the coverage of theRussian RevolutionbyThe New York Timesbetween 1917 sand 1920 forThe New Republic.They concluded that the paper's stories were "determined by the hopes of the men who made up the news organizations," and that theTimeshad reported on events and atrocities that never happened. The paper regularly reported that the Bolshevik government was on the verge of collapse.[348][349][350]

Coverage of the Holocaust

According to the 2005 bookBuried by the TimesbyLaurel Leff,TheTimesburied stories aboutthe Holocaustin the back pages of the paper and avoided mentions of Jewish victims of persecutions, deportations, and death camps.[351]Between 1939 and 1945, theTimespublished more than 23,000 front-page stories - a half of which were aboutWorld War II- and only 26 were about the Holocaust.[352]In the documentaryReporting on The Times: How the paper of record ignored the Holocaust,past editors of the newspaper stated that there was a conscious decision to bury the paper's Holocaust coverage.[353]In September 1996, theTimesreleased a statement admitting to "underplaying the Holocaust while it was taking place" and that "[c]lippings from the paper show that the criticism is valid."[354]

Israeli–Palestinian conflict

The New York Timeshas received criticism for its coverage of theIsrael–Hamas war,[355]and the paper has been accused of holding both an anti-Palestinian[356]and an anti-Israeli[357]bias. In April 2024,The Interceptreported that an internal memorandum from November 2023 instructed journalists to reduce using the terms "genocide" and "ethnic cleansing" and to avoid using the phrase "occupied territory" in the context of Palestinian land, Palestine except in rare circumstances, and the term "refugee camps" to describe areas of Gaza despite recognition from theUnited Nations.A spokesperson from theTimesstated that issuing guidance was standard practice. An analysis byThe Interceptnoted thatThe New York Timesdescribed Israeli deaths as a massacre nearly sixty times, but had only described Palestinian deaths as a massacre once.[358]

In December 2023,The New York Timespublished an investigation titled "'Screams Without Words': How Hamas Weaponized Sexual Violence on Oct. 7",alleging thatHamasweaponizedsexual and gender-based violenceduring itsarmed incursion on Israel.[359]The investigation was the subject of an article fromThe Interceptquestioning the journalistic acumen ofAnat Schwartz,a filmmaker involved in the inquiry who had no prior reporting experience and agreed with a post stating Israel should "violate any norm, on the way to victory", doubting the veracity of the opening claim that Gal Abdush was raped in a timespan disputed by her family, and alleging that theTimeswas pressured by theCommittee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America.[360]The New York Timesinitiated an inquiry that received criticism fromNewsGuildof New York president Susan DeCarava for purported racial targeting;[361]theTimes's investigation concluded in ambiguity, but found that journalistic material was handled improperly.[362]

Transgender people

The New York Timeshas received criticism regarding its coverage oftransgenderpeople. When it published an opinion piece byWeill Cornell MedicineprofessorRichard A. Friedmancalled "How Changeable Is Gender?" in August 2015,[363]Vox's German Lopez criticized Friedman as suggesting that parents and doctors might be right in letting children suffer from severe dysphoria in case something changes down the line, and as implying that conversion therapy may work for transgender children.[364]In February 2023, nearly one thousand[365]current and formerTimeswriters and contributors wrote an open letter addressed to standards editor Philip B. Corbett, criticizing the paper's coverage of transgender,non⁠-⁠binary,andgender-nonconformingpeople; some of theTimes'articles have been cited in state legislatures attempting to justify criminalizing gender-affirming care.[366]Contributors wrote in the open letter that "theTimeshas in recent years treatedgender diversitywith an eerily familiar mix ofpseudoscienceand euphemistic, charged language, while publishing reporting ontrans childrenthat omits relevant information about its sources. "[m]

Notes

  1. ^Includes 9,900,000 digital and 640,000 print subscribers.
  2. ^Also referred to as simplyThe Times[1]or theNY Times.[2]The New York Timesuses the domainnytimes.[3]
  3. ^Attributed to multiple references:[96][97][98]
  4. ^Based inWarsaw,Poland.[138]
  5. ^Based in Washington, D.C.[147]
  6. ^Based inRiyadh,Saudi Arabia.[153]
  7. ^Based in New Delhi, India.[157]
  8. ^Based inBangkok, Thailand.[159]
  9. ^Based inDakar,Senegal.[165]
  10. ^In 1896, theTimesendorsedJohn M. Palmer,theNational Democratic Partynominee, its only endorsement for a candidate who is not a member of the Republican Party or the Democratic Party.[180]
  11. ^The national edition ofThe New York Timesuses 11.5 inches (290 mm) pages.[267]
  12. ^Attributed to multiple references:[334][335][336]
  13. ^Attributed to multiple references:[367][368][369][370]

References

Citations

  1. ^Diamond 2023.
  2. ^Campinoti & Frehse 2024.
  3. ^Lee 2013.
  4. ^Berger 1951,p. 4-5.
  5. ^Berger 1951,p. 7-9.
  6. ^Davis 1921,p. 56-57.
  7. ^Berger 1951,p. 32.
  8. ^Berger 1951,p. 21.
  9. ^Berger 1951,p. 35.
  10. ^Berger 1951,p. 44-51.
  11. ^Davis 1921,p. 167-168.
  12. ^Davis 1921,p. 170.
  13. ^Davis 1921,p. 171.
  14. ^Berger 1951,p. 105-110.
  15. ^Berger 1951,p. 153.
  16. ^Davis 1921,p. 250-252.
  17. ^Berger 1951,p. 193-197.
  18. ^Berger 1951,p. 250-252.
  19. ^Berger 1951,p. 403-409.
  20. ^Berger 1951,p. 422-423.
  21. ^Berger 1951,p. 369-372.
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