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Nakazonae

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Tuofengin Chinese architecture
Theshuzhuused as adougongin China from Han dynasty and Tang dynasty is a kind of pillar which is currently used only as a non-dougong internal structure, is not a type of tuofeng. But it, known askentozukain Japan, is still used till now, and classified as a kind of nakazonae.
In Korean architecture

Nakazonae(Trung bị ・ trung cụ)is a Japanese classification of several intercolumnarstrutsof different origin installed in the intervals between bracket complexes (tokyō) at wooden architectures in East Asia.[1]

In origin they were necessary to help support the roof; however, at the end of the 10th century the invention of thehidden roof[note 1]made them superfluous.[2]They remained in use, albeit in a purely decorative role, and are typical of theWayōstyle. TheZenshūyōstyle used byZentemples has instead bracket complexes even between posts.

Shuzhu or Kentozuka[edit]

The simplest of these struts are thekentozuka(Gian đấu thúc,lit. interval block strut,see photo above)composed of a short post and a bearing block.[3]

Minozuka[edit]

Similar to thekentozukais the fan-shaped strut calledminozuka(Thoa thúc,lit. straw raincoat strut)(see gallery), which can have decorations on the two sides called cặp sách hình(oigata)or a collar-like decoration between post and bearing block. The name comes from its shape, similar to that of a traditional straw raincoat calledmino.[4]

Hana-hijiki[edit]

A variant of thehijiki( khuỷu tay mộc ) ortimu( thế mộc ) is thehana-hijiki(Hoa khuỷu tay mộc),composed by either one or two horizontal series bearing blocks standing over an elaborately carved floral pattern.[1]

Renzigong or Warizuka[edit]

TheNgười -shapeddougong(Chinese: Người tự củng )warizuka(Cắt thúc)strut consists of a wooden inverted V topped by a bearing block.[3]

Kaerumata or Tuofeng[edit]

Thekaerumata(Ếch cổ ・ mạc cổ,lit. frog legs)ortuofeng( bướu lạc đà ) was named after its shape, resembling a frog's splayed legs.[1]

Its origins are not known with certainty, but it may be an evolution of thewarizuka.[1]Invented during the 12th century, it became gradually more and more elaborate, to the point where in theEdo periodthe strut itself would be hidden behind the decorations.[1]

Two basic types exist. In the case of thesukashi-kaerumata(Thấu mạc cổ),the space above and between the frog legs is either empty or carved. In the case of theita-kaerumata(Bản mạc cổ),the space between the legs has completely disappeared, leaving behind a solid board with an external frog-leg profile.[5]

Types ofnakazonae[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^The hidden roof (noyane(Dã phòng căn)) is a structure, composed of a true roof with a second roof beneath, which permits to obtain a heavily slanted roof with arbitrarily shalloweaves.Having its own, hidden roof support system, it made thenakazonaelargely redundant.

References[edit]

  1. ^abcdeNishi, Kazuo; Hozumi, Kazuo (1996) [1983].What is Japanese architecture?(illustrated ed.). Kodansha International. pp. 39–40.ISBN4-7700-1992-0.
  2. ^Parent, Mary Neighbour."Nakazonae".Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.RetrievedApril 28,2011.
  3. ^abParent, Mary Neighbour."Kentozuka".Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.RetrievedApril 19,2011.
  4. ^Parent, Mary Neighbour."Minozuka".Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.RetrievedApril 28,2011.
  5. ^Parent, Mary Neighbour."Kaerumata".Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System.RetrievedApril 19,2011.
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