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Nargis

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This article is about the Indian actress. For other uses, seeNargis (disambiguation).

Nargis Dutt
Nargis in 1954
Born
Fatima Rashid[1]

(1929-06-01)1 June 1929
Calcutta,Bengal Presidency,British India(present-dayKolkata,West Bengal,India)
Died3 May 1981(1981-05-03)(aged 51)
Bombay,Maharashtra,India
Resting placeBada Qabrastan Mumbai
Other names
  • Nargis Dutt
  • Nirmala Dutt
  • Baby[2]
  • Baby Nargis[3]
Occupations
  • Actress
  • politician
Years active1935–1936
1942–1968
WorksFull list
Spouse
​
(m.1958)​
Children3, includingSanjay DuttandPriya Dutt
MotherJaddanbai
FamilyDutt family(by marriage)
Awards
Mother India 1957Oscar Nominated[4]
HonoursPadma Shri(1958)
Member of Parliament,Rajya Sabha
In office
3 April 1980 – 3 May 1981(her death)

Nargis Dutt[3][5](néeFatima Rashid,also known asNirmala Dutt;1 June 1929 – 3 May 1981) known mononyomusly asNargiswas an Indian actress and politician who worked inHindi cinema.Regarded as one of the finest and greatest actresses in the history of Indian cinema,[6]Nargis often portrayed sophisticated and independent women. Her work was in a range of genres, fromscrewball comedyto literary drama, and earned her various accolades.[3]

In a career spanning three decades, Nargis made her screen debut in a minor role at the age of six withTalash-E-Haq(1935),[7]but her acting career actually began with the filmTamanna(1942).[8]Nargis had her first leading role withTaqdeer(1943). Nargis had her breakthrough with the romance filmAndaz(1949) and the musicalBarsaat(1949). Following this she starred inRaj Kapoor'scrime dramaAwaara(1951), which was a major critical and financial success. After a brief setback in the early 1950s, she reemerged with the comedy-dramaShree 420(1955) and the romantic comedyChori Chori(1956). Nargis starred inMehboob Khan's Oscar-nominated epic dramaMother India(1957), thehighest-grossing film in Indiaat that point of time, for which she wonFilmfare Award for Best Actress.She would appear infrequently in films during the 1960s. Some of her films of this period include the dramaRaat Aur Din(1967), for which she received the inauguralNational Film Award for Best Actress.

Nargis married herMother Indiaco-starSunil Duttin 1958. Together they had three children, including the actorSanjay Dutt.[9]Along with her husband, Nargis formed the Ajanta Arts Culture Troupe which hired several leading actors and singers of the time and held stage shows at border areas. In the early 1970s, Nargis became the first patron ofThe Spastic Society of Indiaand her subsequent work with the organisation brought her recognition as a social worker and later aRajya Sabhanomination in 1980.[10]

Nargis died in 1981 ofpancreatic cancer,only three days before her son Sanjay Dutt made his debut inHindi filmswith the filmRocky.[8]In 1982, theNargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Foundationwas established in her memory. The award for Best Feature Film on National Integration in the Annual Film Awards ceremony is called theNargis Dutt Awardin her honour. In 2011,Redifflisted her as the greatest Indian actress of all time.[11]

Early life

[edit]
Kolkata,the city Nargis was born in

Nargis was born on 1 June 1929 as Fatima Rashid inCalcutta,Bengal Presidency,British India(nowKolkata,West Bengal,India).[12]Her father Abdul Rashid, formerly Mohanchand Uttamchand ( "Mohan Babu" ), was originally a wealthy heir fromRawalpindiwho had converted from Hinduism to Islam.[1][13][14]Her mother wasJaddanbai Hussain,fromBenares City,Benares State,who was born into aMuslimfamily ofHinduBrahminorigin which had converted toIslam;and was aHindustani classical musicsinger and one of the early pioneers of Indian cinema.[15]Nargis' family then moved fromPunjabtoAllahabad,United Provinces of Agra and Oudh,before settling inCalcutta,Bengal Presidency.[3]She introduced Nargis into the movie culture unfolding in India at the time. Nargis' maternal half-brother,Anwar Hussain,was also a film actor.[16]

Career

[edit]

1935 - 1948: Film debut and breakthrough

[edit]

Fatima made her first film appearance in the 1935 filmTalashe Haqwhen she was six years old, credited as Baby Nargis. Nargis (نرگس[ˈnərɡɪs]) is aPersianword meaningNarcissus,thedaffodilflower. She was subsequently credited as Nargis in all of her films.[17][18]

Nargis appeared in numerous films after her debut. In 1943 at the age of 14, she appeared inMehboob Khan'sTaqdeer,opposite Motilal.[19]The film was a box office success, and she was extensively praised for her performance.Filmindiareferred to it as "an excellent debut".[citation needed]FollowingTaqdeer,Nargis starred in the 1944 filmAnban.Nargis next starred in the 1945 period dramaHumayun,opposite the leading actor of those times,Ashok Kumarand the mythological filmRamayani.In 1946 she starred inNargis.These films were moderately successful.

In 1948, she made her first collaboration withRaj Kapoor,the dramaAag,in which she portrays a homeless woman who becomes an actress. The film was not a major success and did average business at the box office. However this marked the first of more than a dozen films in which Raj Kapoor and Nargis appeared together. She also starred in highly successful tragedy filmMela,the editor ofFilmindia,Baburao Patelpraised her performance, but in her role of mother found her "unconvincing" and "synthetic", The reported box office gross for the film according to IBOS was ₹50lakhsin 1948. The adjusted gross as of 2015 is roughly estimated at ₹340.44crores.Her last film of the year wasAnokha Pyar,which was not a success.[20]

1949 - 1954: Rise to prominence, success and setback

[edit]

In 1949, Nargis starred inMehboob Khan's critically acclaimed dramaAndaz.The film saw her playing Neena, whose husband Rajan (Raj Kapoor) suspects of her having an affair with her friend Dilip (Dilip Kumar). It had a slow start at the box office, but as soon as positive word-of-mouth spread, it emerged as a major commercial success and the highest-grossing film of all time.[21]The film was first hit in Kapoor's career, and a breakthrough for Nargis and Kumar.[citation needed]Following this she starred inBarsaat,directed by Kapoor starred Nargis as a village belle and Kapoor as a poet. The film was the debut ofNimmi,who would later become a well-known actress. Its release was already hyped due to the huge success ofAndaz,and therefore it became another major box office success.Barsaatwas the highest-grossing film of 1949, as well as of all time, breaking the record ofAndaz.[22][23]

She followed this with roles in the 1950 filmsMeena Bazaar,the romantic dramaJogan,Jan Pahechan,the musical dramaBabul,andAadhi Raat.Both Jogan and Babul were box office hits and her performance in Babul was specially noticed. Following this she starred in the drama filmsHulchulandDeedar(both 1951). Due to the success ofAndazandBarsaat,Raj Kapoor was impressed by Nargis' onscreen charm and presence. He therefore chose her to play a character inAwaara(1951) (often written asAwāra). Although it revolved around a father and his estranged son, Nargis played the pivotal role of a lawyer who knows the truth that Raj (played by Kapoor) and Raghunath (played byPrithviraj Kapoor) are son-father. Unlike the roles played by other actresses of those times, Nargis portrayed an outspoken woman-lawyer who criticises the people who regard woman as a "thing made for household chores". She was also seen donning aswimwearin a scene fromAwaara,a bold outfit for an Indian woman to wear in that era. The film was released on 14 December 1951, receiving universal acclaim for the performances of Prithviraj, Raj and Nargis. Not only in India, the film was a blockbuster overseas too, making Nargis and Raj well-known stars in countries such as Greece and the United States. Grossing₹12.5 million in India, it became the highest-grossing film of all time, breaking the record ofBarsaat.[24][25]

In 1952, Nargis starred in the romance filmBewafa,which was not a major success. Following this, she also starred in the psychological dramaAnhoneeNargis was highly appreciated for enacting a dual role and her performance garnered critical acclaim.[26]Furthermore,rediffcommented "The ethereal actress is equally adept at bringing out the conflicting qualities of both -- the gregarious courtesan Mohini as well as her dignified half-sister and heiress, Roop".[27]She then starred in the adventure filmAmber.Out of her releases of 1952, only Anhonee was a success. Following this was the 1953 filmDhoon,which was not a major success. Her last film of the year was the romantic dramaAah,which too was not major success, despite this it is often regarded as acult classic.[28]Her only film of 1954 wasAngarey.

1955 - 1958: Resurgence and stardom

[edit]

Nargis revived her career with Raj Kapoor's social dramaShree 420(1955). In the film, Nargis portrays a school teacher who becomes Raj's (played by Kapoor) love interest. It was Nargis' last under Raj Kapoor's direction.[29][30]Commenting on the performance,rediffsaid that "The perfromances help the film's endorsement of ethical living and high thinking. Nargis' quiet demeanour in the film contrasted with Raj Kapoor's flamboyance". The film was a major blockbuster, emerging as the highest grossing film in India at the time.[31]

She once again collaborated with Kapoor for the box office successChori Chori(1956), which revolves around a girl (Nargis) who runs away from her house in order to marry a gold digger pilot (Pran), but ends up falling for a news reporter (Kapoor) whom she meets in a bus. Described bytheprintwhich praised the lead's chemistry.[32]The film was also a major box office success emerging as one of the highest grossing films of the year. In the same year, she did a special appearance in Kapoor'sJagte Raho.The film was her last to co-star Raj Kapoor.[33][34]

In 1957, she appeared in Mehboob Khan's Oscar-nominated epic dramaMother India,which won her theFilmfare Award for Best Actress.[35]Baburao Patelof the film magazine,Filmindia,in December 1957, describedMother Indiaas "the greatest picture produced in India" and wrote that no other actress would have been able to perform the role as well as Nargis.[36][37]Mother Indiais generally regarded as Nargis's best performance.[38]Box Office Indiagave the film'snet collectionas ₹40 million and its gross as ₹80 million, the highest for an Indian film up untilMughal-e-Azam(1960),[39]while estimating thatMother India's inflation-adjusted net would be equivalent to ₹1.173 billion in January 2008. Box Office India later estimated in 2017 thatMother Indiahad over 100 million footfalls at the domestic box office, making it one of thehighest-grossing Indian filmsof all time when adjusted for inflation.[40]Nargis won theFilmfare Best Actress Awardin 1958 and became the first Indian to receive the Best Actress award at theKarlovy Vary International Film Festivalin present-dayCzech Republic.[41]Also in 1957, she acted in thePardesi(marketed asJourney Beyond Three Seasin English), which was an Indo-Sovietco-production.[42]After her marriage to Sunil Dutt in 1958, Nargis gave up her film career to settle down with her family, after her last few films were released.[43]From 1951 to 1957,Box Office Indiaranked Nargis as the top actress.[44]

1960 - 1968: Final films

[edit]

She made her last film appearance in the psychological dramaRaat Aur Din(1967), being convinced to act after 15 years.[37]The film was well received and Nargis' performance as a woman who hasdissociative identity disorderwas critically acclaimed. For her performance in the film, she received a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress, and won the inauguralNational Film Award for Best Actress.[45]

Nargis was also nominated to theRajya Sabha(upper house ofIndian Parliament) from 1980 to 1981,[5][46]but due to cancer she fell ill and died during her tenure.[47]

Personal life

[edit]

Nargis had a long-time relationship with actorRaj Kapoor,who was her co-star in the filmsAwaaraandShree 420.Raj Kapoor was married and had children. After he refused to divorce his wife, Nargis ended their nine-year-long relationship.[48][49]

Nargis married actorSunil Dutt;who was aHindu,also ofPunjabiMohyaldescent, on 11 March 1958. Prior to their marriage, Nargis converted toHinduismand adopted the name Nirmala Dutt.[50][51]Reportedly, Dutt had saved her life from a fire on the sets ofMother India.[52]She had also reportedly helped Dutt's sister and mother. They had three children:Sanjay Dutt,Namrata Dutt, andPriya Dutt.[53]Sanjay went on to become a successful film actor. Namrata married actorKumar Gaurav,son of veteran actorRajendra Kumarwho had appeared alongside Nargis and Sunil Dutt inMother India.Priya became a politician and a Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha).[52]

With her husband, Nargis formed the Ajanta Arts Cultural Troupe, which involved several leading actors and singers of the time, and performed at remote frontiers to entertain the Indian soldiers at border. It was the first troupe to perform inDhaka,after the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971. Later, Nargis worked for the cause ofspasticchildren. She became the first patron ofthe Spastics Society of India.Her charitable work for the organisation got her recognition as a social worker.[54]

Nargis loved wearing white saris, speaking over the telephone and eatingpanipurissold on the streets. She was an excellent swimmer and enjoyed playing cricket with her brothers.[43]The founder of the Spastic Society of India, Mithu Alur, stated in an interview that Nargis had a dream of pursuingmedicinethat she could never fulfill.[55]

Illness and death

[edit]

On 2 August 1980, Nargis fell ill during a session of the Rajya Sabha, with the initial cause assumed to bejaundice.She was rushed home and admitted toBreach Candy Hospitalin Bombay. After 15 days of tests, during which her condition kept worsening and she rapidly lost weight, she was diagnosed withpancreatic cancerin 1980 and underwent treatment for the disease atMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterinNew York City.[56][57]

Upon her return to India, her condition deteriorated and she was admitted at Breach Candy Hospital. Nargis went into a coma on 2 May 1981 after she became seriously ill and died the next day, aged 51. Because she feared fire, she wanted to be buried in accordance with the Muslim customs. Her body was carried on a bier according to Hindu customs. Sunil and Sanjay offeredNamazalong with other mourners.[58]She was buried atBada Qabrastan Mumbai.[59]On 7 May 1981, at the premiere of her son's debut filmRocky,one seat was kept vacant for her.[52]

One year after her death, theNargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Foundationwas established bySunil Duttin her memory.[60]Although Nargis' death is attributed to pancreatic cancer, her daughter, Namrata Dutt Kumar, claimed her mother had successfully fought the cancer but died from aurinary tract infection.Nargis's son, Sanjay Dutt, added that her lowered immunity levels made her susceptible to the infection.[61][62]

Public image

[edit]

Nargis is regarded as one of the greatest and finest actress ofIndian cinema.[63][64]Rediffplaced her in its "Bollywood's Best Actresses of all time" list,[65]and later in 2011, listed her as the greatest actress of all time, stating: "An actress with range, style, grace and an incredibly warm screen presence, Nargis is truly a leading lady to celebrate."[66]In 2022, she was placed inOutlook India's "75 Best Bollywood Actresses" list.[67]One of the highest paid actress of the 1950s, Nargis appeared inBox Office India's "Top Actresses" list from 1948 to 1957, and topped the list for eight years (1951-1957).[68]

Nargis's sarees were a major style statement in the 1950s.[69]Yahoo!placed her 3rd in its "Ten most iconic beauties of Hindi cinema" list,[70]In 2000, she was honoured with "Best Actress of the Millennium" byHero Hondaand film magazineStardust.[71][72]and was listed in the 25 greatest Asian actors in history byCNNin 2010.[73]In 2021,Time Outplaced her 2nd in its "Ten best Bollywood actresses" list.[74]Her filmsAwaaraandMother India,are both considered as one of the greatest films ever made in polls byBritish Film InstituteandNews18.[75][76]

Artistry and legacy

[edit]

Acting style and reception

[edit]

Nargis was known for her female characters that stood "shoulder-to-shoulder" with the male characters.[77][78]Along withMadhubala,she also had large fan following inGreece.[79]She is regarded among the finest and most versatile actresses of Indian cinema. She was especially noted for her portrayal of strong, independent woman in her films.[80]

Samriddhi Patwa ofFilmfaretermed Nargis an "iconic actresses" and noted, "Known for her portrayal as a sophisticated and independent woman in her films, Nargis is regarded as one of the greatest actresses in the history of Indian cinema."[80]Writing forIndian Express,Sampada Sharma stated, "With her work, Nargis left an impression that still remains unmatched."[81]M.L. Dhawan fromThe Tribunesaid, "In almost all her films Nargis created a woman who could be desired and deified. The charisma of Nargis's screen image lay in that it oscillated between the simple and the chic with equal ease."[82]Surendra Kumar ofThe Sunday Guardianstated, "She was a versatile actor who could carry off serious roles, light roles and even comic roles with the same élan. She could be urbane and sophisticated, as inAwaara,Chori ChoriandAndaz;simple and ordinary, as inSri 420;and every inch a traditional village woman, as inMother India."[37]Dinesh Raheja ofRediffsaid, "Whereas most actors have one definitive forte, Nargis won over the 1950s audiences and critics with strikingly versatile characterisations."[83]

"Multiple personality disorder isn´t something that you see often in films. Nargis´ chilling portrayal brought out all the horror of a person suffering from such a malady. Her face changes when from the docile wife Varuna she turns into the cabaret dancer Peggy. You get the feeling that all her living-life-to-the hilt act is but enforced mirth. The best thing is that her madness isn´t your routine filmi melodrama but a slow descent towards the mouth of hell. She´s a must watch inAwaaraandAndazas well. "

—Filmfareon Nargis's performance inRaat Aur Din(1967)[84]

Legacy

[edit]

A scene from the 1949 filmBarsaat,featuring Raj Kapoor holding Nargis in one arm and a violin in the other, was chosen as the basis for the logo ofR. K. Films.[37][85]Praising her and Kapoor's pair,India Timeswrote: "Whenever Raj Kapoor and Nargis came together on screen, sparks flew. Their chemistry was electrifying and it crackles with raw passion in Raj Kapoor'sAwaara.Nargis's wild and carefree sensuality pulsates and Raj Kapoor's scruffy hair-rebellious persona only adds fuel to the fire ".[86]In November 1956, Nargis was sent to theSoviet Unionby the Government of India, as a part of delegate - consisting ofRaj Kapoor,SuraiyaandKamini Kaushal,where her films were screened.[87]Filmfarelater included Nargis's performances inRaat Aur DinandMother Indiain its list of "80 Iconic Performances" of Bollywood, placing them 65th and 36th respectively.[84]

Work and accloades

[edit]
Main article:Nargis filmography

Civilian Award

[edit]
Year Award Work Result Ref.
1958 Padma Shri Contribution in the field of Arts Honoured [88]

Film Awards

[edit]
Year Award Category Work Result Ref.
1958 Filmfare Awards Best Actress Mother India Won [89]
1958 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival Best Actress Won [90]
1968 National Film Awards National Film Award for Best Actress Raat Aur Din Won [91]
1969 Filmfare Awards Best Actress Nominated [92]
2001 Stardust Awards Best Actress of the Millennium — Honoured [93]

Tributes and honors

[edit]
Nargis on a stamp of India, in 1993

A street inBandra,Mumbai, is named Nargis Dutt Road in her memory.[94]A postal stamp of face value 100 paise was issued byIndia Postwas issued in Nargis' honour on 30 December 1993.[95]TheNational Film Awardshonoured Dutt by instituting theNargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integrationupon her achievement inHindi Cinema.[96][97]Her name was removed from the awards in 2024, for unknown reasons.[98]

Nargis was inducted into theWalk of the Stars,atBandra Bandstand,where her autograph was preserved under the name Nargis Dutt.[99][100]In 2015,Googlecelebrated Nargis's 86th birthday with a doodle and noted, "Nagris lifted her ghoonghat headpiece and blazed the silver screen with her portrayal of strong women protagonists".[101]In 2016, Bhaichand Patel wrote about Nargis in his book "Bollywood's Top 20: Superstars of Indian Cinema".[102][103]In 2023, an exhibition atKiran Nadar Museum of ArtinNoida,named "Sitaare Zameen Par", had portraits of Nargis that were captured by JH Thakkar.[104]Her souvenirs were auctioned online, along with that of other actresses, in the same year.[105]

[edit]

Biographies

[edit]
  • In 1994,T. J. S. Georgewrote the first biography on Nargis, titledThe Life and Times of Nargis.[106]
  • In 2007, Nargis' daughters Priya and Namrata published a book about the lives of their parents, titled,Mr. and Mrs. Dutt: Memories of our Parents.[107][108][109]Also that year,Darlingji: The True Love Story of Nargis and Sunil Duttwas released byKishwar Desai.[110][111]

In film

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  32. ^Sharma, Unnati (24 October 2021)."Forget Dil Chahta Hai, Raj Kapoor-Nargis starrer Chori Chori was the first road trip movie".ThePrint.Retrieved2 May2023.
  33. ^Mishra, Nivedita (1 June 2020)."On Nargis' 91st birth anniversary, a look at a star who symbolised passion onscreen".Hindustan Times.Retrieved8 August2020.
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  53. ^"Sanjay Dutt recalls when mother Nargis asked him to spend some time with her: We take parents for granted".Indian Express.5 January 2024.Retrieved10 March2024.
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  55. ^Krishnankutty, Pia (3 May 2020)."An actor, mother, social worker – Nargis Dutt was far more than Mother India".ThePrint.Retrieved8 August2020.
  56. ^Usman, Yasser (2018).Sanjay Dutt: The Crazy Untold Story of Bollywood's Bad Boy.Juggernaut Books. p. 50.ISBN978-93-86228-58-1.
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