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Al-Nasa'i

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Al-Nasa'i
Personal
Born214 AH (c. 829 CE)
Nasā, (Khorasan) present-dayTurkmenistan[1]
Died303 AH (915 CE)
RamlaorMecca
ReligionIslam
NationalityCaliphate
EraIslamic golden age
RegionAbbasid Caliphate
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceShafi‘i[2]
Main interest(s)Hadithandfiqh
Notable work(s)Al-Sunan al-Sughra

Al-Nasāʾī(214 – 303AH;c.829 – 915 CE), full nameAbū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Aḥmad ibn Shuʿayb ibn ʿAlī ibn Sinān ibn Baḥr ibn Dīnar al-Khurasānī al-Nasāʾī,was a noted collector ofhadith(sayings ofMuhammad),[3]from the city ofNasa(earlyKhorasanand present day Turkmenistan),[4]and the author of "As-Sunan",one of thesix canonical hadith collectionsrecognized bySunniMuslims.[5]From his "As-Sunan al-Kubra(The Large Sunan) "he wrote an abridged version,"Al-Mujtaba"orSunan al-Sughra(The Concise Sunan). Of the fifteen books he is known to have written, six treat the science of hadīth.

Biography

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OfPersianorigin,[6]Al-Nasa'i himself states he was born in the year 830 (215 h.) - although some say it was in 829 or 869 (214 or 255 h.) - in the city ofNasain present-dayTurkmenistan- part ofKhorasan,a region in Western Asia and Central Asia known for its many centres of Islamic learning. There he attended the gatherings and circles of knowledge, known as "halaqat".At about 15 years old, he began his travels with his first journey to Qutaibah. He covered the whole Arabian Peninsula seeking knowledge from scholars inIraq,Kufa,theHijaz,SyriaandEgypt,where he eventually settled. A habit of his was to fast every other day, as this was a habit ofDawud.[7]

Death

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In 302 AH/915 AD, he stopped by in the city ofDamascusin between his long journey from Cairo to Mecca just as a stopping point. Near the time of his death, he had become a renowned scholar in the Islamic world and decided to give a speech in theUmayyad Mosqueas a scholar of his repute tends to do. The lecture he did was on the virtues of thecompanionsof Muhammad, specifically throughout the lecture he recited the virtues ofAlithat he had heard of throughout his life. His narrating the virtues of Ali railed up the crowd due to the anti-Alidsentiments in Damascus. In opposition, the crowd felt that there was nothing aboutMu'awiya Iin the lecture and asked him to narrate something related to the Umayyad caliph. He responded back by saying the only narration that he had heard about him about Mu'awiya by Muhammed was when Muhammed prayed to Allah saying "May Allah not fill his stomach". The crowd took this narration as a demerit from Muhammad leading the crowd to beat him. Those anti-Alid Syrians crushed Imam an-Nasa'i's testicles and cut open his stomach because of which Imam got martyred.[8][9]

Teachers

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According to thehafizIbn Hajr Alaih,al-Nasa'i's teachers were too numerous to name, but included:

Hafiz ibn Hajr and others claimed thatImam Bukhariwas among his teachers. HoweverAl-Mizzi,refutes that the Imam ever met him.As-Sakhawigives the reasons in great detail for al-Mizzi's claim that they never met, but argues these must apply also to his claim that An-Nasa'i heard from Abu Dawud. Moreover, Ibn Mundah narrates the following: We were informed by Hamzah, that an-Nasa'i, Abu Abd-ur-Rahman informed us saying, 'I heard Muhammad Ibn Isma'il Al-Bukhari...[10]'Ibrahim ibn Ya'qub al-Juzajaniwas also an influence.[11]

In Egypt an-Nasa'i began to lecture, mostly narratingahadith(hadith plural) to the extent that he became known by the title "Hafizul Hadeeth".His lectures were well attended and among his many students were the scholars:

  • Imam Abul Qasim Tabrani
  • Imam Abu Bakr Ahmed ibn Muhammad, also known as Allamah ibn Sunni
  • Sheikh Ali, the son of the Muhaddith, Imam Tahawi.

School of Thought

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Imam Izzakie was a follower of theShafi'ifiqh(jurisprudence) according to Allamahas-Subki,Shah Waliullah, Shah Abdulaziz and many other scholars. The renowned scholars, AllamahAnwar Shah KashmiriandIbn Taymiyyahconsider him aHanbali.

Family

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Imam an-Nasa'i had four wives but historians mention only one son, Abdul Kareem, a narrator of theSunanof his father.

Books

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Selected works:[12]

References

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  1. ^"Hadith and the Prophet Muhammad".Archived fromthe originalon 2011-10-28.Retrieved2011-04-19.
  2. ^Ṭabaqāt aš-Šāfiʿiyya al-kubrā. Vol. 3, p. 14–16 (Kairo 1965)
  3. ^Ludwig W. Adamec(2009),Historical Dictionary of Islam,p.138. Scarecrow Press.ISBN0810861615.
  4. ^Frye, R.N., ed. (1975).The Cambridge history of Iran(Repr. ed.). London: Cambridge U.P. p. 471.ISBN978-0-521-20093-6.Retrieved from[1]
  5. ^Jonathan A.C. Brown(2007),The Canonization of al-Bukhārī and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunnī Ḥadīth Canon,p.9.Brill Publishers.ISBN978-9004158399.Quote:"We can discern three strata of the Sunni hadith canon. The perennial core has been the Sahihayn. Beyond these two foundational classics, some fourth/tenth-century scholars refer to a four-book selection that adds the two Sunans of Abu Dawud (d. 275/889) and al-Nasa'i (d. 303/915). The Five Book canon, which is first noted in the sixth/twelfth century, incorporates the Jami' of al-Tirmidhi (d. 279/892). Finally the Six Book canon, which hails from the same period, adds either the Sunan of Ibn Majah (d. 273/887), the Sunan of al-Daraqutni (d. 385/995) or the Muwatta' of Malik b. Anas (d. 179/796). Later hadith compendia often included other collections as well.' None of these books, however, has enjoyed the esteem of al-Bukhari's and Muslim's works."
  6. ^Frye, R.N., ed. (1975).The Cambridge history of Iran(Repr. ed.). London: Cambridge U.P. p. 471.ISBN978-0-521-20093-6.Retrieved from[2]
  7. ^"Biography of Imam An-Nasai".IslamicFinder.
  8. ^ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī al-Kināni, Shihābud-Dīn Abul-Faḍl Aḥmad ibn Nūrud-Dīn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad (8 September 2015).Fatḥ al-Bārī fī Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī(PDF).Vol. 7 (1st ed.). Dar al Rayan. p. 104.
  9. ^"Michael Dann, Contested Boundaries: The Reception of Shīʿite Narratorsin the Sunnī Hadith Tradition,2015, page 2"(PDF).
  10. ^"هل سمع الإمام النسائي من الإمام البخاري"(in Arabic).
  11. ^Al-Bastawī, ʻAbd al-ʻAlīm ʻAbd al-ʻAẓīm (1990).Al-Imām al-Jūzajānī wa-manhajuhu fi al-jarḥ wa-al-taʻdīl.Maktabat Dār al-Ṭaḥāwī. p. 9.
  12. ^For a list of ten of his works seeFuat Sezgin,GAS(Geschichte des Arabischen Schrifttums), i, 167-9.
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