National Iraqi Alliance
![]() | This article'sfactual accuracymay be compromised due to out-of-date information.(April 2015) |
National Iraqi Alliance الائتلاف الوطني العراقي | |
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Leader | Ammar al-Hakim |
Founded | 2005 |
Ideology | ShiaIslamism Pro-Iran |
TheNational Iraqi Alliance(NIAorINA;Arabic:الائتلاف الوطني العراقي,romanized:Al-I’tilāf al-Waṭanī al-‘Irāqī), also known as theWatani List,is anIraqi electoral coalitionthat contested the2010 Iraqi legislative election.The Alliance is mainly composed ofShi'aIslamistparties. The alliance was created by theSupreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq(the at the time largest Shi'a party) to contest in theJanuary 2005andDecember 2005under the nameUnited Iraqi Alliance(UIA;Arabic:الائتلاف العراقي الموحد,romanized:Al-I’tilāf al-‘Irāqı al-Muwaḥḥad), when it included all Iraq's major Shi'a parties. The United Iraqi Alliance won both those of elections however later fell apart after several major parties (most notably theSadr Movement) left the alliance due to disputes with Prime MinisterNouri al-Malikiand the Supreme Council.[1]
The component parties contested the2009 provincial electionsseparately but later that year started negotiations to revive the list. In August 2009 they announced the creation of the National Iraqi Alliance for the2010 parliamentary election,this time without Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki's Islamic Dawa Party, which formed theState of Law Coalition.[2]Later that year the two lists would re-unite again, forming theNational Alliance.[3]
January 2005 Parliamentary Election
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Abdul_Aziz_al-Hakim_at_Iraqi_election%2C_2005Jan30.jpg/220px-Abdul_Aziz_al-Hakim_at_Iraqi_election%2C_2005Jan30.jpg)
The Alliance formed in the lead-up to theJanuary 2005 electionsfrom mainlyShi’itegroups most importantly theSupreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq,whose leaderAbdul Aziz al-Hakimheaded the list, andIslamic Dawa Party.Other important members included the secularIraqi National Congressled byAhmed Chalabiand the independent nuclear physicistHussain Shahristani.It also included supporters of clericMuqtada al-Sadrwho preferred not to back hisNational Independent Cadres and Elitesparty, and a number of independentSunnirepresentatives. The coalition was widely believed to have been supported by seniorAyatollahAli al-Sistani,the most widely respected religious figure in Iraq. Although Sistani offered no official endorsement, many in Iraq understood the UIA to be the "Sistani list."
The twenty-two parties included in the coalition, which was called List 228, were:
- Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq(SCIRI)
- Badr Organisation
- Islamic Dawa Party(al-Dawa)
- Islamic Dawa Party—Iraq Organisation
- Islamic Virtue Party
- Hezbollah Movement in Iraq
- Hezbollah al-Iraq
- Islamic Action Organisation
- Sayyid Al-Shuhadaa Organisation
- Shaheed Al-Mihrab Organisation
- Iraqi National Congress(INC)
- Centrist Assembly Party
- Islamic Fayli Grouping in Iraq
- Fayli Kurd Islamic Union
- First Democratic National Party
- Assembly “Future of Iraq”
- Justice and Equality Grouping
- Islamic Master of the Martyrs Movement
- Islamic Union for Iraqi Turkomans
- Turkmen Fidelity Movement
Many members of the Alliance had lived in exile inIran,includingIbrahim al-Jaafari,Iraq'sPrime Ministerfrom 2005 to 2006, who led theIslamic Dawa Party.In 1980 thousands of al-Dawa supporters were imprisoned or executed after advocating replacingSaddam Hussein's secularBa'ath Partygovernment with anIslamic government.The Iranian government supported their efforts and allowed members of Al-Da’wa to seek exile in Iran.
The Alliance received 4.08 million votes (48.1%) in the election, which gave the bloc 140 seats on the 275-seatCouncil of Representatives of Iraq.The Alliance's nominees included 42 women. The Alliance formed a coalitionIraqi Transitional Governmentwith theDemocratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan.Ibrahim al-Jaafari, leader of theIslamic Dawa Party,became thePrime Minister of IraqandJalal Talabaniof the Kurdistani Alliance became thePresident of Iraq.
In March 2005, theIraqi Turkmen Frontagreed to join the UIA’s caucus in the National Assembly. In return, Sistani reportedly pledged support for the recognition ofIraqi Turkmenas a national minority.[4]
December 2005 Parliamentary Election
[edit]TheIraqi National Congressleft the alliance prior to theDecember 2005 elections,which also brought theSadrist Movementmore firmly into the Alliance.Al-Sistanialso stated that he would not support any party in this election.
The election saw an increased turnout, mainly because theSunniArabpopulation decided not to boycott. The alliance won 5.0 million votes (41.2%) an increase of 23% in the number of votes but a reduction of 6.9% in the vote share. They gained 128 seats, 12 fewer than the previous election.
Analysis of the seat allocation after the elections showed that the 109 district seats and 19 compensatory seats won by the UIA were split as follows:
Party | District Seats | Compensatory Seats | Total |
---|---|---|---|
SCIRI&Badr Organization | 21 | 15 | 36 |
Sadrist Movement | 27 | 2 | 29 |
Islamic Virtue Party | 14 | 1 | 15 |
Islamic Dawa Party | 13 | 0 | 13 |
Islamic Dawa Party - Iraq Organisation | 12 | 0 | 12 |
Independents and others | 24 | 1 | 25 |
Total | 111 | 19 | 130 |
Other parties include:
- Centrist Coalition Party
- Turkman Islamic Union of Iraq
- Justice and Equality Assembly
- Iraqi Democratic Movement
- Movement of Hizbullah in Iraq
- Turkmen Loyalty Movement
- Saed Al Shuhada Islamic Movement
- Al Shabak Democratic Gathering
- Malhan Al Mkoter
- Reform And Building Meeting
- The Justice Community
- Iraq Ahrar
Following the election, theIslamic Virtue Partywithdrew from the Alliance, saying they wanted to "prevent blocs forming on a sectarian basis".This followed differences with Prime MinisterNouri al-Malikiover control of the Oil Ministry in theGovernment of Iraq from 2006.[5]This was followed in September 2007 by the Sadrist Movement, who complained the Alliance was "dominated by some parties".[6]
The Alliance formed a coalition with theKurdistani Alliance,the Sunni Arab-majorityIraqi Accord Frontand the secularistIraqi National List.The Alliance nominated Jaafari for another term as prime minister, but his appointment was blocked by the Alliance's coalition partners.Nouri al-Maliki,a deputy leader of theIslamic Dawa Partywas agreed instead.[7]
National Iraqi Alliance: 2010 Parliamentary Election
[edit]The component parties of the United Iraqi Alliance contested the2009 provincial electionsseparately and in August 2009 they announced a new coalition for the2010 parliamentary electionwithout Prime Minister Maliki's Islamic Dawa Party. The new alliance was called the National Iraqi Alliance.[2]The chairman of the group is former Iraqi Prime MinisterIbrahim al-Jaafari.[8]
The parties taking part in the National Iraqi Alliance for the 2010 elections include:
- Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council(ISCI) - led byAmmar al-Hakim[9]
- Sadr Movement- led byMuqtada al-Sadr[9]
- National Reform Trend(Islah) - led byIbrahim al-Jaafari[9]
- Islamic Virtue Party(Fadhilah) led byAbd al-Rahim al-Hasini[9]
- Islamic Dawa Party - Tanzim al-Dakhli- led byAbdul Karim al-Anizi[10]
- Iraqi National Congress(INC) - led byAhmad Challabi[13]
- Anbar Salvation Council- led byHamid Hayes[14]
- Solidarity Bloc(Tadamun) - led byQassim Daoud[11]
- Gathering of Justice and Unity- led bySheikh al-Faiz[11]
- Turkmeneli Political Party[15]
- Shiite Turkmen Movement[15]
- Constitutional Monarchy Movement- led bySharif Ali bin al-Hussein[16]
- The party belonging to the Bahr al-Ulloum family - led byMohammad Bahr al-Ulloum
- The party led byKhalid Abd al-Wahhab al-Mulla
- SeveralIndependent politicians.
Results
[edit]Governorate | Votes | Percentage | Seats Won | Total Seats |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anbar | 4,805 | 1.0% | 0 | 14 |
Babil | 180,193 | 30.7% | 5 | 16 |
Baghdad | 561,659 | 22.1% | 17 | 68 |
Basra | 237,010 | 29.1% | 7 | 24 |
Dhi Qar | 244,818 | 42.8% | 9 | 18 |
Diyala | 85,821 | 17.1% | 3 | 13 |
Dahuk | 179 | 0.04% | 0 | 10 |
Erbil | 404 | 0.06% | 0 | 14 |
Karbala | 81,794 | 24.5% | 3 | 10 |
Kirkuk | 12,517 | 2.3% | 0 | 12 |
Maysan | 135,319 | 49.6% | 6 | 10 |
al-Muthanna | 71,699 | 31.3% | 3 | 7 |
Najaf | 152,698 | 37.1% | 5 | 12 |
Ninawa | 38,693 | 3.7% | 0 | 31 |
al-Qadisiyyah | 133,821 | 35.8% | 5 | 11 |
Salah ad-Din | 21,260 | 2.6% | 0 | 12 |
Sulaymaniyah | 188 | 0.02% | 0 | 17 |
Wasit | 129,188 | 34.3% | 4 | 11 |
Compensatory seats | - | 28.6% | 2 | 7 |
Total: | 2,092,066 | 18.2% | 70 | 325[3] |
Party | District Seats | Compensatory Seats | Total |
---|---|---|---|
Sadrist Movement | 39 | 0 | 39 |
ISCI&Badr Organization | 17 | 1 | 18 |
Islamic Virtue Party(Fadhila) | 6 | 0 | 6 |
National Reform Trend | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Independents and others | 5 | 0 | 5 |
Total | 68 | 2 | 70 |
Among the five seats not belonging to the INA's 4 major parties, 1 seat went to ISCI affiliated Hezbollah in Iraq, 1 seat went to the Iraqi National Accord (Ahmad Challabi's seat) and 1 went to the Basra-based Shaykhi party: Gathering of Justice and Unity.
April 2014 parliamentary election
[edit]The alliance formed following the2014 parliamentary electionincludes theSadrist Movement.[17]The coalition also includes theBadr Organization,[18]theAl-Muwatincoalition and theState of Law Coalition.[19]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^"Iraqi National Alliance."Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.2010. Web. 1 June 2010."Iraqi National Alliance - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace".Archived fromthe originalon 13 January 2011.Retrieved17 December2010.
- ^abShiite Fundamentalist Coalition Announced Al-Maliki Might Not win Second Term,Informed CommentquotingAl-Zaman,25 August 2009
- ^"Iraq's Leading Shi'ite Blocs Agree To Form Parliamentary Coalition".RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty.
- ^"Zaman Online".Zaman Online. Archived fromthe originalon 19 September 2005.Retrieved10 March2005.
- ^Small party breaks away from Iraq Shi'ite bloc,Reuters,2007-03-07, accessed on 21 September 2007
- ^Sadrist group quits ruling Shiite parliament bloc,China Daily,2007-09-16, accessed on 21 September 2007
- ^SeeGovernment of Iraq from 2006
- ^http:// kirksowell /Content/Documents/The%20Iraqi%20National%20Alliance.pdfM[dead link]
- ^abcdShiite Fundamentalist Coalition Announced Al-Maliki Might Not win Second Term,25 August 2009
- ^abNew Iraqi Shiite Coalition coming together,9 August 2009
- ^abcd"The Bloc That Has No De-Baathification Worries".Iraq and Gulf Analysis.17 January 2010.
- ^Maliki, Hakim, and Iran’s Role in the Basra Fighting,March 2008
- ^"FACTBOX-Political alliances ahead of Iraq's 2010 election".Reuters.21 October 2009.
- ^"Archived copy"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 13 July 2011.Retrieved9 February2010.
{{cite web}}
:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ab"Iraq Politics and Constitution - سياسة العراق و الدستور العراقي".Archived fromthe originalon 19 July 2011.Retrieved5 February2010.
- ^"Iraqi Elections: The Fuel for Controversies".Kurdish Herald.
- ^"Iraq: Shi'ite Alliance deadlocked over Maliki endorsement".Asharq Al-Awsat.9 May 2014.Retrieved20 October2014.
- ^"National Alliance deadlocked over candidates for Interior Ministry".Asharq Al-AwWsat.16 September 2014.Retrieved20 October2014.
- ^"Iraq: Maliki accused of threatening Shi'a alliance break-up".Asharq Al-Awsat.3 August 2014.Retrieved20 October2014.