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National Iraqi Alliance

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National Iraqi Alliance
الائتلاف الوطني العراقي
LeaderAmmar al-Hakim
Founded2005(2005)
IdeologyShiaIslamism
Pro-Iran

TheNational Iraqi Alliance(NIAorINA;Arabic:الائتلاف الوطني العراقي,romanized:Al-I’tilāf al-Waṭanī al-‘Irāqī), also known as theWatani List,is anIraqi electoral coalitionthat contested the2010 Iraqi legislative election.The Alliance is mainly composed ofShi'aIslamistparties. The alliance was created by theSupreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq(the at the time largest Shi'a party) to contest in theJanuary 2005andDecember 2005under the nameUnited Iraqi Alliance(UIA;Arabic:الائتلاف العراقي الموحد,romanized:Al-I’tilāf al-‘Irāqı al-Muwaḥḥad), when it included all Iraq's major Shi'a parties. The United Iraqi Alliance won both those of elections however later fell apart after several major parties (most notably theSadr Movement) left the alliance due to disputes with Prime MinisterNouri al-Malikiand the Supreme Council.[1]

The component parties contested the2009 provincial electionsseparately but later that year started negotiations to revive the list. In August 2009 they announced the creation of the National Iraqi Alliance for the2010 parliamentary election,this time without Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki's Islamic Dawa Party, which formed theState of Law Coalition.[2]Later that year the two lists would re-unite again, forming theNational Alliance.[3]

January 2005 Parliamentary Election

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Abdul Aziz al-Hakim, leader of the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq, casts his ballot at a poll station in Baghdad.

The Alliance formed in the lead-up to theJanuary 2005 electionsfrom mainlyShi’itegroups most importantly theSupreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq,whose leaderAbdul Aziz al-Hakimheaded the list, andIslamic Dawa Party.Other important members included the secularIraqi National Congressled byAhmed Chalabiand the independent nuclear physicistHussain Shahristani.It also included supporters of clericMuqtada al-Sadrwho preferred not to back hisNational Independent Cadres and Elitesparty, and a number of independentSunnirepresentatives. The coalition was widely believed to have been supported by seniorAyatollahAli al-Sistani,the most widely respected religious figure in Iraq. Although Sistani offered no official endorsement, many in Iraq understood the UIA to be the "Sistani list."

The twenty-two parties included in the coalition, which was called List 228, were:

  1. Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq(SCIRI)
  2. Badr Organisation
  3. Islamic Dawa Party(al-Dawa)
  4. Islamic Dawa Party—Iraq Organisation
  5. Islamic Virtue Party
  6. Hezbollah Movement in Iraq
  7. Hezbollah al-Iraq
  8. Islamic Action Organisation
  9. Sayyid Al-Shuhadaa Organisation
  10. Shaheed Al-Mihrab Organisation
  11. Iraqi National Congress(INC)
  12. Centrist Assembly Party
  13. Islamic Fayli Grouping in Iraq
  14. Fayli Kurd Islamic Union
  15. First Democratic National Party
  16. Assembly “Future of Iraq”
  17. Justice and Equality Grouping
  18. Islamic Master of the Martyrs Movement
  19. Islamic Union for Iraqi Turkomans
  20. Turkmen Fidelity Movement

Many members of the Alliance had lived in exile inIran,includingIbrahim al-Jaafari,Iraq'sPrime Ministerfrom 2005 to 2006, who led theIslamic Dawa Party.In 1980 thousands of al-Dawa supporters were imprisoned or executed after advocating replacingSaddam Hussein's secularBa'ath Partygovernment with anIslamic government.The Iranian government supported their efforts and allowed members of Al-Da’wa to seek exile in Iran.

The Alliance received 4.08 million votes (48.1%) in the election, which gave the bloc 140 seats on the 275-seatCouncil of Representatives of Iraq.The Alliance's nominees included 42 women. The Alliance formed a coalitionIraqi Transitional Governmentwith theDemocratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan.Ibrahim al-Jaafari, leader of theIslamic Dawa Party,became thePrime Minister of IraqandJalal Talabaniof the Kurdistani Alliance became thePresident of Iraq.

In March 2005, theIraqi Turkmen Frontagreed to join the UIA’s caucus in the National Assembly. In return, Sistani reportedly pledged support for the recognition ofIraqi Turkmenas a national minority.[4]

December 2005 Parliamentary Election

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TheIraqi National Congressleft the alliance prior to theDecember 2005 elections,which also brought theSadrist Movementmore firmly into the Alliance.Al-Sistanialso stated that he would not support any party in this election.

The election saw an increased turnout, mainly because theSunniArabpopulation decided not to boycott. The alliance won 5.0 million votes (41.2%) an increase of 23% in the number of votes but a reduction of 6.9% in the vote share. They gained 128 seats, 12 fewer than the previous election.

Analysis of the seat allocation after the elections showed that the 109 district seats and 19 compensatory seats won by the UIA were split as follows:

Split ofUnited Iraqi Allianceseats by party[1][2] (includes 2 members fromThe Upholders of the Messagewho caucus with the UIA)
Party District Seats Compensatory Seats Total
SCIRI&Badr Organization 21 15 36
Sadrist Movement 27 2 29
Islamic Virtue Party 14 1 15
Islamic Dawa Party 13 0 13
Islamic Dawa Party - Iraq Organisation 12 0 12
Independents and others 24 1 25
Total 111 19 130

Other parties include:

Following the election, theIslamic Virtue Partywithdrew from the Alliance, saying they wanted to "prevent blocs forming on a sectarian basis".This followed differences with Prime MinisterNouri al-Malikiover control of the Oil Ministry in theGovernment of Iraq from 2006.[5]This was followed in September 2007 by the Sadrist Movement, who complained the Alliance was "dominated by some parties".[6]

The Alliance formed a coalition with theKurdistani Alliance,the Sunni Arab-majorityIraqi Accord Frontand the secularistIraqi National List.The Alliance nominated Jaafari for another term as prime minister, but his appointment was blocked by the Alliance's coalition partners.Nouri al-Maliki,a deputy leader of theIslamic Dawa Partywas agreed instead.[7]

National Iraqi Alliance: 2010 Parliamentary Election

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The component parties of the United Iraqi Alliance contested the2009 provincial electionsseparately and in August 2009 they announced a new coalition for the2010 parliamentary electionwithout Prime Minister Maliki's Islamic Dawa Party. The new alliance was called the National Iraqi Alliance.[2]The chairman of the group is former Iraqi Prime MinisterIbrahim al-Jaafari.[8]

The parties taking part in the National Iraqi Alliance for the 2010 elections include:

Results

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Governorate Votes Percentage Seats Won Total Seats
Anbar 4,805 1.0% 0 14
Babil 180,193 30.7% 5 16
Baghdad 561,659 22.1% 17 68
Basra 237,010 29.1% 7 24
Dhi Qar 244,818 42.8% 9 18
Diyala 85,821 17.1% 3 13
Dahuk 179 0.04% 0 10
Erbil 404 0.06% 0 14
Karbala 81,794 24.5% 3 10
Kirkuk 12,517 2.3% 0 12
Maysan 135,319 49.6% 6 10
al-Muthanna 71,699 31.3% 3 7
Najaf 152,698 37.1% 5 12
Ninawa 38,693 3.7% 0 31
al-Qadisiyyah 133,821 35.8% 5 11
Salah ad-Din 21,260 2.6% 0 12
Sulaymaniyah 188 0.02% 0 17
Wasit 129,188 34.3% 4 11
Compensatory seats - 28.6% 2 7
Total: 2,092,066 18.2% 70 325[3]
Split ofNational Iraqi Allianceseats by party
Party District Seats Compensatory Seats Total
Sadrist Movement 39 0 39
ISCI&Badr Organization 17 1 18
Islamic Virtue Party(Fadhila) 6 0 6
National Reform Trend 1 1 2
Independents and others 5 0 5
Total 68 2 70

Among the five seats not belonging to the INA's 4 major parties, 1 seat went to ISCI affiliated Hezbollah in Iraq, 1 seat went to the Iraqi National Accord (Ahmad Challabi's seat) and 1 went to the Basra-based Shaykhi party: Gathering of Justice and Unity.

April 2014 parliamentary election

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The alliance formed following the2014 parliamentary electionincludes theSadrist Movement.[17]The coalition also includes theBadr Organization,[18]theAl-Muwatincoalition and theState of Law Coalition.[19]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Iraqi National Alliance."Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.2010. Web. 1 June 2010."Iraqi National Alliance - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace".Archived fromthe originalon 13 January 2011.Retrieved17 December2010.
  2. ^abShiite Fundamentalist Coalition Announced Al-Maliki Might Not win Second Term,Informed CommentquotingAl-Zaman,25 August 2009
  3. ^"Iraq's Leading Shi'ite Blocs Agree To Form Parliamentary Coalition".RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty.
  4. ^"Zaman Online".Zaman Online. Archived fromthe originalon 19 September 2005.Retrieved10 March2005.
  5. ^Small party breaks away from Iraq Shi'ite bloc,Reuters,2007-03-07, accessed on 21 September 2007
  6. ^Sadrist group quits ruling Shiite parliament bloc,China Daily,2007-09-16, accessed on 21 September 2007
  7. ^SeeGovernment of Iraq from 2006
  8. ^http:// kirksowell /Content/Documents/The%20Iraqi%20National%20Alliance.pdfM[dead link]
  9. ^abcdShiite Fundamentalist Coalition Announced Al-Maliki Might Not win Second Term,25 August 2009
  10. ^abNew Iraqi Shiite Coalition coming together,9 August 2009
  11. ^abcd"The Bloc That Has No De-Baathification Worries".Iraq and Gulf Analysis.17 January 2010.
  12. ^Maliki, Hakim, and Iran’s Role in the Basra Fighting,March 2008
  13. ^"FACTBOX-Political alliances ahead of Iraq's 2010 election".Reuters.21 October 2009.
  14. ^"Archived copy"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 13 July 2011.Retrieved9 February2010.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  15. ^ab"Iraq Politics and Constitution - سياسة العراق و الدستور العراقي".Archived fromthe originalon 19 July 2011.Retrieved5 February2010.
  16. ^"Iraqi Elections: The Fuel for Controversies".Kurdish Herald.
  17. ^"Iraq: Shi'ite Alliance deadlocked over Maliki endorsement".Asharq Al-Awsat.9 May 2014.Retrieved20 October2014.
  18. ^"National Alliance deadlocked over candidates for Interior Ministry".Asharq Al-AwWsat.16 September 2014.Retrieved20 October2014.
  19. ^"Iraq: Maliki accused of threatening Shi'a alliance break-up".Asharq Al-Awsat.3 August 2014.Retrieved20 October2014.
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