National Liberation Movement (Guatemala)

National Liberation Movement
Movimiento de Liberación Nacional
National Liberation Movement Movimiento de Liberación Nacional
President (last)	Fernando Romeo Lucas García
Founder	Carlos Castillo Armas
Founded	23 December 1953
Dissolved	2 February 2000
Headquarters	Guatemala City
Youth wing	Juventud MLN
Paramilitary wing	Mano Blanca
Ideology	Neo-fascism; Ultraconservatism; Anti-communism;
Political position	Far-right
International affiliation	World League for Freedom and Democracy
Colours	Blue; White; Red
Slogan	¡MLN!
Party flag
	Politics of Guatemala; Political parties; Elections;

TheNational Liberation Movement(Spanish:Movimiento de Liberación Nacional,MLN) was aGuatemalan political partyformed in 1954 byCarlos Castillo Armas.The party served as political platform for themilitary junta.

History

The MLN was founded as theNational Democratic Movement(Spanish:Movimiento Democratico Nacional,MDN) in 1954 by PresidentCarlos Castillo Armas.It was the ruling party from 1954 until 1958. The party supported the government of PresidentMiguel Ydígoras Fuentes(1958–1963).^[13]

The1963 coupthat saw the government of Ydígoras Fuentes overthrown led to the MLN becoming the main party of the military. Although they were not successful in the presidential election of 1964 their candidate in 1970,Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio,was electedPresident,in coalition with theInstitutional Democratic Party(Spanish:Partido Institucional Democrático,PID). Victory was also secured in the1974 electionwhenKjell Eugenio Laugerud García's candidacy was also endorsed by the PID. However they later broke their alliance with the PID for the1978 elections.Its candidate, former PresidentEnrique Peralta Azurdia,placed second in the election.^[14]The party was close to theMANO death squad.Another faction of the party, theNational Reformist Movement,split away after the coup although it never became a major factor in electoral politics.^[13]

In the1982 election,the MLN's candidate was former vice-presidentMario Sandoval Alarcón,who placed second in what was considered a fraudulent election, followed by acoup d'étatin 1982. For the 1984 elections to theConstitutional Assembly,the party allied with National Authentic Central, another right-wing party, and the 23 seats they won constituted the largest bloc in the assembly, albeit outnumbered by reformist parties. They renewed their alliance with the Institutional Democratic Party for the1985 election.Once more, Mario Sandoval Alarcón was its presidential candidate, and placed fourth in the race while the alliance won 12 seats in Congress. The party faded thereafter: it ran alongside theNational Advancement Frontin1990without much success, winning just 4 seats in Congress. Left to continue alone, it secured less than 1% in 1995 (winning a single seat) and again in 1999 (when it lost representation).^[15]

References

^Canale Nanne, Jorge (2022-04-24)."Historia no contada: Movimiento de Liberación Nacional".El Siglo(in Spanish).Retrieved2023-06-27.
^"Guatemala Memoria del Silencio | Programa De Las Naciones Unidas Para El Desarrollo".UNDP(in Spanish).Retrieved2023-06-27.
^Esparza, Marcia (October 2017).Silenced Communities: Legacies of Militarization and Militarism in a Rural Guatemalan Town.Berghahn Books.ISBN 978-1-78533-688-1.
^"UNHCR Web Archive".
^Davies, Thomas; Loveman, Brian (October 1997).The Politics of Antipolitics: The Military in Latin America.Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.ISBN 978-1-4616-4514-6.
^https:// washingtonpost /archive/local/2003/12/08/carlos-arana-osorio-guatemal/68612950-fbeb-474b-8370-fdbe4d92da23/^{[bare URL]}
^"Guatemala, Heedful of the U.S., Seems Intent on Honest Election".The New York Times.2 November 1977.
^https:// cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP79T00826A000400010029-0.pdf^{[bare URL PDF]}
^Kinzer, Stephen (July 1984)."Guatemala Picks Assembly Today".The New York Times.
^Kinzer, Stephen (5 November 1985)."Christian Democrat Takes Big Lead in Guatemala".The New York Times.
^"El espectro del anticomunismo".
^"MLN: Partido anticomunista y de derecha extrema".22 April 2015.
^^a ^bAmeringer, Charles D.Political Parties of the Americas, 1980s to 1990s: Canada, Latin America, and the West Indies.Greenwood Publishing Group,1992.p. 347.ISBN 978-0313274183.
^Janda, Kenneth."Guatemala: The Party System in 1950-1954 and 1953-1962."Political Parties: A Cross-National Survey.New York:Free Press,1980, pp. 635-636.ISBN 978-0029161203.Archived fromthe originalon September 27, 2007.
^Corstange, Daniel M.Guatemala: "The Party System from 1963 to 2000."Political Parties: A Cross-National Survey.New York:Free Press,1980.ISBN 978-0029161203.Archived fromthe originalon August 2, 2012.

[1] Canale Nanne, Jorge (2022-04-24)."Historia no contada: Movimiento de Liberación Nacional".El Siglo(in Spanish).Retrieved2023-06-27.

[2] "Guatemala Memoria del Silencio | Programa De Las Naciones Unidas Para El Desarrollo".UNDP(in Spanish).Retrieved2023-06-27.

[3] Esparza, Marcia (October 2017).Silenced Communities: Legacies of Militarization and Militarism in a Rural Guatemalan Town.Berghahn Books.ISBN 978-1-78533-688-1.

[4] "UNHCR Web Archive".

[5] Davies, Thomas; Loveman, Brian (October 1997).The Politics of Antipolitics: The Military in Latin America.Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.ISBN 978-1-4616-4514-6.

[6] ttps:// washingtonpost /archive/local/2003/12/08/carlos-arana-osorio-guatemal/68612950-fbeb-474b-8370-fdbe4d92da23/^{[bare URL]}

[7] "Guatemala, Heedful of the U.S., Seems Intent on Honest Election".The New York Times.2 November 1977.

[8] ttps:// cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP79T00826A000400010029-0.pdf^{[bare URL PDF]}

[9] Kinzer, Stephen (July 1984)."Guatemala Picks Assembly Today".The New York Times.

[10] Kinzer, Stephen (5 November 1985)."Christian Democrat Takes Big Lead in Guatemala".The New York Times.

[11] "El espectro del anticomunismo".

[12] "MLN: Partido anticomunista y de derecha extrema".22 April 2015.

[Ameringer-13] Ameringer, Charles D.Political Parties of the Americas, 1980s to 1990s: Canada, Latin America, and the West Indies.Greenwood Publishing Group,1992.p. 347.ISBN 978-0313274183.

[14] Janda, Kenneth."Guatemala: The Party System in 1950-1954 and 1953-1962."Political Parties: A Cross-National Survey.New York:Free Press,1980, pp. 635-636.ISBN 978-0029161203.Archived fromthe originalon September 27, 2007.

[15] Corstange, Daniel M.Guatemala: "The Party System from 1963 to 2000."Political Parties: A Cross-National Survey.New York:Free Press,1980.ISBN 978-0029161203.Archived fromthe originalon August 2, 2012.

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v t e Political parties in Guatemala
Parties in Congress	Vamos National Unity of Hope Semilla Cabal Vision with Values Valor Todos Will, Opportunity and Solidarity Bienestar Nacional Nosotros Victory Commitment, Renewal and Order Blue Elephant Community Unionist Winaq Change
Extra-parliamentary	Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity
Defunct parties	Liberal Party Conservative Party Unionist Party (1920) National Renovation Party Progressive Liberal Party Popular Liberation United Front of Arevalist Parties Popular Liberation Front Revolutionary Action Party National Integrity Party Socialist Party National Democratic Reconciliation Party Anti-Communist Unification Party Democratic Unity Party People's Party Guatemalan Social Harmony Party Authentic Revolutionary Front of Socialist Orientation Popular Union Guatemalan Party of Labour National Anti-Communist Front Independent Anti-Communist Party of the West National Renewal Party Revolutionary Party Solidarity Action Movement National Centre Union National Liberation Movement Guatemalan Christian Democracy Authentic Integral Development Central Aranista Organization New Nation Alternative Institutional Republican Party Social Action Centre Front for Democracy Democratic Union Patriotic Party Renewed Democratic Liberty Social Democratic Party Grand National Alliance Organized Revolution Party* Active Citizens of Electoral Formation Avanza United Productivity and Work Party Libre Fuerza Convergence Encounter for Guatemala Mi Pais Liberal Party National Change Union National Convergence Front Humanist Citizen Prosperity National Advancement Party Podemos Movement for the Liberation of Peoples Republican Union Guatemalan People's Party Republican Party National Integration Party My Family Opportunities and Development Party
* In process of formation Portal:Politics List of political parties Politics of Guatemala

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	United States Israel
Other	IdRef

History

See also

References