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Neil Goldschmidt
Goldschmidt in 1986
33rdGovernor of Oregon
In office
January 12, 1987 – January 14, 1991
Preceded byVictor Atiyeh
Succeeded byBarbara Roberts
6thUnited States Secretary of Transportation
In office
September 24, 1979 – January 20, 1981
PresidentJimmy Carter
Preceded byBrock Adams
Succeeded byDrew Lewis
45thMayor of Portland
In office
January 2, 1973 – August 15, 1979
Preceded byTerry Schrunk
Succeeded byConnie McCready
Personal details
Born(1940-06-16)June 16, 1940
Eugene, Oregon,U.S.
DiedJune 12, 2024(2024-06-12)(aged 83)
Portland, Oregon,U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouses
Margaret Wood
​
​
(m.1965;div.1990)​
Diana Snowden
​
(m.1994)​
Children4
EducationUniversity of Oregon(BA)
University of California, Berkeley(JD)

Neil Edward Goldschmidt(June 16, 1940 – June 12, 2024) was an American businessman andDemocraticpolitician from the state ofOregonwho held local, state, and federal offices over three decades. After serving asmayor of Portland, Oregon,theUnited States Secretary of TransportationunderPresident Jimmy Carterandgovernor of Oregon,Goldschmidt was at one time considered the most powerful and influential figure in Oregon's politics. In 2004, Goldschmidt's career and legacy were irreparably damaged by revelations of the ongoing sexual abuse of a young teenage girl beginning in 1973, during his first term as mayor of Portland.[1][2][3]

Goldschmidt was elected to thePortland City Councilin 1970 and then asmayorofPortlandin 1972, becoming the youngest mayor of any major American city. He promoted the revitalization ofDowntown Portlandand was influential on Portland-area transportation policy, particularly with the scrapping of the controversialMount Hood Freewayand the establishment of theMAX Light Railsystem. He was appointedU.S. Secretary of Transportationby PresidentJimmy Carterin 1979; in that capacity he worked to revive the ailing automobile industry and toderegulateseveral industries. He served until the end of Carter's presidency in 1981 and then served as a senior executive withNikefor several years.

In 1986, Goldschmidt was elected the33rdgovernor of Oregon, serving a single term. He faced significant challenges, particularly a risinganti-tax movement(leading toMeasure 5in 1990) and a doubling of the state's prison population. He worked across party lines to reduce regulation and to repair the state's infrastructure. His reforms to theState Accident Insurance Fund(SAIF), a state-charteredworker's compensationinsurance company were heralded at the time, but drew strong criticism in later years.

Despite an almost certain re-election as governor, Goldschmidt did not seek a second term, becoming an influential and controversiallobbyist.Over the next dozen years or so, he was criticized by editorial boards and Oregonians for several of the causes he supported, including backing the forestry corporationWeyerhaeuserin its hostile takeover of Oregon'sWillamette Industriesand his advocacy for a private investment firm in its attempt to take over utility companyPortland General Electric.In 2003, GovernorTed Kulongoskiappointed Goldschmidt to theOregon Board of Higher Education,a position he resigned after admitting he had sexually abused a minor girl 30 years earlier.

Early life

[edit]

Goldschmidt was born inEugene,in Oregon'sWillamette Valley,on June 16, 1940,[4]into a Jewish family to Lester H. Goldschmidt and Annette Levin.[5]He graduated fromSouth Eugene High School.[5]He later attended theUniversity of Oregon,also in Eugene. He served as student body president at the school before graduating in 1963 with abachelor's degreein political science.[6]

Goldschmidt earned aJuris Doctorfrom theUniversity of California, Berkeleyin 1967.[6]From 1967 to 1970, he worked as alegal aidlawyer inPortland, Oregon.[4]Goldschmidt served as an intern for U.S. SenatorMaurine Neubergerin 1964 in Washington, D.C.[5]While there, he was recruited by New York CongressmanAllard K. Lowensteinto register voters inMississippi's 1964Freedom Summercivil rightscampaign.[5]

Political career

[edit]

Portland City Commissioner and Mayor

[edit]

Goldschmidt won a seat on thePortland City Councilin 1970.[4]As City Commissioner (1971–1973) and later asMayorof Portland (1973–1979), Goldschmidt participated in the revitalization of the downtown section of that city. He led afreeway revoltagainst the unpopularMount Hood Freeway,building consensus among labor unions and other powerful entities to divert Federal funds initially earmarked for the freeway to other projects, ultimately expanding the federal funds brought to the region to include theMAX Light Railline and thePortland Transit Mall.[7]He is widely credited with having opened up the city's government to neighborhood activists and minorities, appointing women and African-Americans in a City Hall that had been dominated by an "old-boy network".[8]During his mayoral campaign, he questioned the benefit of expanding thecity's police force,preferring to direct resources to crime prevention.[9]According toNigel Jaquiss,a reporter forWillamette Week,for thirty years he was "Oregon's most successful and charismatic leader".[10]

In 1973, GovernorTom McCallappointed Goldschmidt to what would be known as the Governor's Task Force, which was tasked with exploring regional transportation solutions.[11]Goldschmidt served alongside notable leaders:Glenn Jackson,chair of the board of Portland Power and Light and chair of theOregon Transportation Commission,was considered the state's leading power broker on transportation issues; and Gerard Drummond, a prominent lawyer and lobbyist, was president ofTri-Met's board of directors.[11]The task force considered an unpopular deal that would have funded the construction of theMount Hood Freeway,which would have bisected southeast Portland.[11]The deal, which would have been 90% funded by theFederal Highway Administration,was rescinded, with first theMultnomah County Commissionand, later, Portland City Council reversing their positions and advising against it. Goldschmidt was initially opposed to diverting funds tolight rail,instead favoring busways and more suitable local road projects; as the 1981 deadline to reallocate the funds approached, however, light rail became a more attractive prospect. By a process not clearly documented, light rail was included in the final plan. All federal money initially intended for the Mount Hood Freeway ultimately went to other road projects, but the total amount was doubled and the first leg ofMAX light railwas approved and ultimately completed in 1986.[11]

U.S. Secretary of Transportation

[edit]
Goldschmidt as Secretary of Transportation,c. 1980

Goldschmidt became the sixthU.S. Secretary of Transportationin 1979. Hisrecess appointmentby PresidentJimmy Cartercame on July 27 of that year, as part of a midterm restructuring of theCarter administration'scabinet positions.[12]TheUnited States Senateconfirmed his appointment on September 21, and he was sworn in on September 24.[13]In this position, Goldschmidt was known for his work to revive the financially ailingU.S. auto industry,[14]and efforts to deregulate the airline, trucking, and railroad industries.[4]

A newcomer to the Carter administration and to national politics, Goldschmidt traded not only on his experience in transportation planning, but on his political acumen as well; following Carter's unsuccessful bid for re-election in 1980, Goldschmidt expressed doubts about the future of theDemocratic Partyif it couldn't learn to cultivate political allies more effectively.[15]Goldschmidt's time in Washington, DC, informed his own understanding of politics, as well.[16]He remained in office through the remainder of the Carter administration. In late 1979, Republican presidential hopefulJohn B. Andersoncalled for Goldschmidt's resignation, and members of theUnited States Senate Banking Committeelater chastised him,[17]for having suggested that he would withhold transportation funds from municipalities, such as Chicago andPhiladelphia,whose mayors supportedTed Kennedyin his primary election bid against Carter.[12]Goldschmidt resigned at the conclusion of Carter's term on January 20, 1981.[18]

Between positions in public office, Goldschmidt was aNikeexecutive during the 1980s,[19]serving as international Vice President and then as president of Nike Canada.[4]He was considered as a potential chair of theDemocratic National Committeein 1984.[20]

Governor of Oregon

[edit]

In June 1985 Goldschmidt announced his candidacy forGovernor of Oregon.His name familiarity and access to large donations through his business and political ties made him the Democratic front runner. He defeatedOregon State SenatorEdward Fadeleyin the May 1986 Democratic primary. Goldschmidt defeatedRepublicanSecretary of StateNorma Paulusin the1986 general election52% to 48%, succeeding two-term Republican GovernorVictor Atiyeh,[21]becoming the state's 33rd governor.

Goldschmidt's policy for economic development brought together Democratic liberals and Republican business leaders. His personal focus was on children's rights, poverty, and crime, but the challenge of meeting increasing needs with a decreasing budget overshadowed his tenure. Ananti-tax movementtook hold during his term, passing the landmarkMeasure 5in 1990, which restricted the generation of revenue byproperty tax.[22]He was credited with leading "The Oregon Comeback", bringing the state out of nearly eight years ofrecession,through regulatory reform and repair of the state's infrastructure.[4]

Goldschmidt oversaw a major expansion of the state's prison system. In May 1987, he hiredMichael Francketo modernize the state's prisons, which an investigator had described as overcrowded and operated as "independent fiefdoms".[23]Francke was charged with supervising a plan to add over 1000 new beds to the prison system.[24]Francke was murdered in theDepartment of Correctionsparking lot in 1989.[24]

In 1990, Goldschmidt brokered agreements between business, labor, and insurance interests that changed the state'sworkers' compensationregulations. Workers' compensation has been a contentious issue in Oregon for some time, as the state-runState Accident Insurance Fund(SAIF) insures approximately 35% of the workforce. Thelegislaturepassed a law as a result. The changes were considered to benefit the insurance industry and business interests, at the expense of claimants, who were required to establish more extensively that their employers were responsible for injuries. The issue was contentious for some time, involving lawsuits and various efforts to modify the law.[25]In 2000, GovernorJohn Kitzhaberattempted to reform the system again. This led to a new law in the 2001 Legislature, which was complicated by anOregon Supreme Courtruling that occurred during deliberations.[26][27]

Goldschmidt's Children's Agenda was important in Oregon with its community initiatives.[22]In 1991, he helped create the Oregon Children's Foundation, as well as theStart Making A Reader Today(SMART) literacy program, which puts 10,000 volunteers into Oregon schools to read to children.[28]

Goldschmidt declined to run for re-election in 1990, despite the widely held perception that he could have been easily re-elected; at the time, he cited marital difficulties.[29]Bernie Giusto,who was Goldschmidt's driver at the start of his term and later becameMultnomah County Sheriff,was widely rumored to be romantically involved with Goldschmidt's wife Margie (and later dated her openly after the Goldschmidts' divorce).[30]

Goldschmidt had hoped at one time to serve two terms, noting that most of predecessorTom McCall's accomplishments came during his second term.[22]In his farewell address to theCity Club of Portland,he stated: "After only four years, everything is left undone. Nothing is finished."[22]

After leaving elected office

[edit]

Goldschmidt founded a law and consulting firm, Neil Goldschmidt, Inc., in Portland in 1991, four days after leaving office as governor.[31]Even out of elected office, he was widely considered the most powerful political figure in the state for many years. His influence extended all over the state and the nation. As a member of theOregon Health & Science Universityboard, Goldschmidt was an early advocate of the controversialPortland Aerial Tram,which connected the research hospital to real estate projects by his longtime associatesHomer WilliamsandIrving Levinnear land whose owners Goldschmidt later represented.[32][33]He stayed active in Portland as well, advocating an expansion of thePark Blocks(a strip of open park space cutting through downtown Portland.)[34]Goldschmidt assisted in the deal that led to the construction of TriMet'sMAX Red LinetoPortland International Airportthat opened in 2001.[35]He also started the Start Making a Reader Today (SMART) volunteer program in Oregon schools.[35]

Goldschmidt drew criticism in recent years for some of his business activities. In 2002, helobbiedbusiness and political leaders to supportWeyerhaeuserin its hostile takeover ofWillamette Industries, Inc.,then the onlyFortune 500company headquartered in Portland.[35]In early 2004, he backed a purchase ofPortland General Electric(PGE) byTexas Pacific Groupwhich, though never consummated, put on hold city and county studies to acquire PGE bycondemnation.Criticism of Goldschmidt's business activities peaked when, on November 13, 2003, GovernorTed Kulongoskinominated him to theOregon State Board of Higher Education.[36]

Goldschmidt's appointment was initially expected to meet with little opposition. Severalstate senators,however, voiced concerns about Goldschmidt's involvement with SAIF and possible improprieties in the dealings he and his wife had with Texas Pacific.[37][38]SenatorVicki Walker,in particular, emerged as an outspoken critic of Goldschmidt.[39][40]

Revelation of sexual abuse

[edit]

The increased scrutiny on Goldschmidt's career, including reporters' difficulties accessing records from his time as governor,[41]ultimately led to the revelation of his years-long sexual abuse of a minor girl, which had occurred decades before, during his time as Mayor of Portland. These revelations ended Goldschmidt's extensive career at the center of Oregon politics and policymaking. In May 2004, a rapid series of events resulted in Goldschmidt's confession to repeatedly raping a young teenage girl in the mid-1970s; the quick demise of his political career, including resignations from several prominent organizations; and the transfer of his many documents from the privately runOregon Historical Societyto the state-runOregon State Archives.[42]

On May 6, under pressure fromWillamette Week,Goldschmidt publicly announced that he had repeatedly raped a 14-year-old girl (the victim later indicated she was 13)[43]for an extended period during his first term as Mayor of Portland.[2]Sex with a person under 16 years of age constitutesthird degree rapeunder Oregon law, afelonypunishable by up to five years in prison.[44][45]By the time the abuse had become public, however, thestatute of limitationsof three years had expired, making Goldschmidt immune from any prosecution over the matter.[46]

Goldschmidt's confessional letter was published on the front page ofThe Oregonianon May 7, 2004.[47]It differed from theWillamette Week's account, most notably in the length of the abuse ( "nearly a year" according to Goldschmidt, but three years according toWillamette Weekat the time; it was later revealed byWillamette Weekthat the abuse actually continued through 1991, after Goldschmidt's single term as governor) and in Goldschmidt's use of the term "affair" to characterize it.The Oregonianwas criticized for its coverage and use of the term "affair". Writers and editors atThe Oregonianacknowledged mistakes in their handling of the story, but denied that a desire to protect Goldschmidt motivated the mistakes.[1]TheWillamette Weekarticle, written byNigel Jaquiss,was awarded the2005 Pulitzer Prizeforinvestigative reporting.[48]

In his initial negotiations withWillamette Week,Goldschmidt agreed to resign his positions with the Texas Pacific Group and the Board of Higher Education, which he did.[1]His decision in 1990 not to run for a second term as governor, long the subject of speculation,[31]was finally explained.[49]Further developments revealed that Goldschmidt was assisted by businessman Robert K. Burtchaell in keeping hismolestationof the girl a secret. In return, Goldschmidt gave his support to Burtchaell's (unsuccessful) bid to extend aleasefor a houseboat moorage on theWillamette River.[50]

Goldschmidt'srabbimade an appeal inThe Oregonianfor forgiveness. Although Goldschmidt could no longer be prosecuted for the offense, theOregon State Barbegan an investigation into the matter. Goldschmidt submitted aForm B resignation,which was received by the bar on May 13, and rendered him ineligible for readmission.[49][51]

Following complaints from local media over limited access to Goldschmidt's public papers stored at theOregon Historical Society(OHS),[52]the state archivist announced May 29 that Goldschmidt would seize the 256 boxes of documents to guaranteepublic accessas defined in a state law passed in 1973. That law required that public access to such records be maintained, but did not specify where the records be kept.[53]Following Goldschmidt's decision to put the documents in the care of the OHS, thestate legislaturepassed a law requiring future governors to leave their documents in the state archives.[53]Many records were published on the state archives' website[54]in early 2005.[55]

The scandal has affected numerous people and organizations associated with Goldschmidt. Many people have been accused of knowing of the crime, but failing to act accordingly. Debby Kennedy, who worked for Goldschmidt while he was governor, recalled, "I just can't tell you how many rumors there were about him then."[56]Multnomah County SheriffBernie Giusto,who admitted knowing about the abuse,[56]announced his early retirement in February 2008.[57]

On March 7, 2011, the Oregon Senate President and Co-Speakers of the House released a statement that Goldschmidt's Governor's portrait had been removed from the walls of the State Capitol building in Salem and put into storage, out of respect for his victim, Elizabeth Lynn Dunham, who died from cancer on January 16, 2011, at the age of 49.[58]

Personal life

[edit]

Goldschmidt married Margaret Wood in 1965. They had two children, Joshua and Rebecca, and divorced in 1990.[6]Around the time he started his consulting firm, he met his second wife, Diana Snowden, who worked for PacifiCorp as a senior vice president.[59]

Goldschmidt died from heart failure at his home in Portland, on June 12, 2024, at the age of 83, four days before his 84th birthday.[60]

Publications by Goldschmidt

[edit]
  • Goldschmidt, Neil (January 1981).The U.S. Automobile Industry, 1980. Report to the President from the Secretary of Transportation(Report).United States Department of Transportation.RetrievedJune 15,2015.
  • Goldschmidt, Neil (January 21, 1981)."The Last Hurrah".The Washington Post.RetrievedJune 15,2015.
  • Goldschmidt, Neil (March 25, 1990)."As Highways Crumble, Bush Stumbles".Opinion.The New York Times.Section 4, p. 19.RetrievedJune 15,2015.
  • Goldschmidt, Neil (May 7, 2004)."Statement by Neil Goldschmidt".The Oregonian.Portland, OR. p. A01.RetrievedJune 15,2015.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcRosen, Jill (August–September 2004)."The Story Behind the Story".American Journalism Review.Archived fromthe originalon November 11, 2013.RetrievedNovember 22,2006.
  2. ^abJaquiss, Nigel;John Schrag (May 12, 2004)."The 30-Year Secret – A crime, a cover-up and the way it shaped Oregon".Willamette Week.Archivedfrom the original on July 30, 2013.RetrievedAugust 17,2013.
  3. ^Howard Kurtz (May 13, 2004)."Another Abuse Story".The Washington Post.Archivedfrom the original on October 22, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 6,2017.
  4. ^abcdef"Biography of Oregon political icon Neil Goldschmidt".KGW News. May 6, 2004. Archived fromthe originalon February 27, 2008.RetrievedFebruary 8,2008.
  5. ^abcd"Governor Neil Goldschmidt's Administration: Biographical Note".Oregon State Archives.Archivedfrom the original on December 5, 2018.RetrievedApril 6,2008.
  6. ^abcNeil Goldschmidt 1940: Born in Eugene.The Oregonian,November 21, 2003.
  7. ^Young, Bob (March 9, 2005)."Highway To Hell".Willamette Week.Archived fromthe originalon April 30, 2007.RetrievedAugust 17,2013.
  8. ^Buel, Ron."The Goldschmidt era".Willamette Week 25th Anniversary Edition.Archived fromthe originalon May 31, 2013.RetrievedAugust 17,2013.
  9. ^Wicker, Tom (May 25, 1972). "Mr. Mayor at 31".The New York Times.
  10. ^Jaquiss, Nigel (March 9, 2005)."Goldschmidt's Web of Power".Willamette Week.Archivedfrom the original on July 31, 2013.RetrievedAugust 17,2013.
  11. ^abcdThompson, Gregory L. (2005)."How Portland's Power Brokers Accommodated the Anti-Highway Movement of the Early 1970s: The Decision to Build Light Rail"(PDF).Business and Economic History On-Line.Archived(PDF)from the original on March 8, 2008.RetrievedApril 5,2008.
  12. ^abMoritz, Charles (1980). "Goldschmidt, Neil (Edward)".Current Biography.New York: H.W. Wilson Company.
  13. ^"A Chronology of Dates Significant in the Background, History and Development of the Department of Transportation".U.S. Department of Transportation. Archived fromthe originalon February 15, 2008.RetrievedDecember 26,2015.
  14. ^"Carter's Auto Rescue Sortie".Time.July 21, 1980. Archived fromthe originalon February 2, 2009.RetrievedFebruary 8,2008.
  15. ^Broder, David S. (January 25, 1981)."Democrats, Going Home".The Washington Post.
  16. ^Goldschmidt, Neil (January 21, 1981)."The Last Hurrah".The Washington Post.
  17. ^"Transportation secretary blasted for 'blackmail'".Lodi News-Sentinel.December 7, 1979.Archivedfrom the original on February 1, 2021.RetrievedJanuary 5,2021.
  18. ^FAA Historical Chronology, 1926–1996.ArchivedJune 24, 2008, at theWayback MachineFederal Aviation Administration. Retrieved on February 10, 2008.
  19. ^Peterson, Cass (March 3, 1981)."Staying in the transportation field".The Washington Post.RetrievedJuly 4,2007.
  20. ^Gailey, Phil (December 12, 1984). "Democrats' Party Chief Search Focusing on Ex-Carter Aide".The New York Times.
  21. ^Governor HistoryArchivedSeptember 26, 2007, at theWayback Machinefrom ourcampaigns. Retrieved March 31, 2008.
  22. ^abcdMapes, Jeff (December 23, 1990)."An uncertain legacy".The Oregonian.Archivedfrom the original on February 1, 2021.RetrievedJune 30,2007.
  23. ^"Prisons' director is slain in Oregon".The New York Times.January 19, 1989.Archivedfrom the original on February 2, 2009.RetrievedOctober 12,2007.
  24. ^abJaquiss, Nigel(October 10, 2007)."Should you believe this man?".Willamette Week.Archivedfrom the original on December 14, 2012.RetrievedAugust 17,2013.
  25. ^Zimmerman, Rachel (August 11, 1999). "Workers' Comp in Oregon May Be in for a Shake-Up".The Wall Street Journal.ProQuest398658579.
  26. ^Eure, Rob (November 1, 2000). "Workers' Comp Overhaul Has Both Sides Crying Foul".The Wall Street Journal.ProQuest398730939.
  27. ^"Straightening out workers' comp".The Oregonian.June 16, 2001.Archivedfrom the original on February 1, 2021.RetrievedFebruary 1,2021.
  28. ^"The 30-Year Secret".Willamette Week.May 12, 2004.Archivedfrom the original on August 17, 2021.RetrievedJune 12,2024.
  29. ^Hill, Gail Kinsey; Harry Esteve (May 9, 2004). "Secret's impact on a public life".The Oregonian.
  30. ^Sulzberger, Arthur Gregg;Les Zaitz (October 24, 2007). "Giusto's job tangled with his private life".The Oregonian.
  31. ^abHamilton, Don (July 20, 2001)."Hired grin".Portland Tribune.Archived fromthe originalon September 29, 2007.
  32. ^Jaquiss, Nigel (March 9, 2005)."Goldschmidt's Web of Power (chart)"(PDF).Willamette Week.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on July 28, 2013.RetrievedAugust 17,2013.
  33. ^Young, Bob (August 26, 1998)."Big Dog".Willamette Week.Archived fromthe originalon May 12, 2007.
  34. ^"Citizen Neil".Willamette Week.Archived fromthe originalon April 14, 2000.
  35. ^abcMapes, Jeff; Gordon Oliver; Scott Learn (November 21, 2003)."The power broker".The Oregonian.Archivedfrom the original on February 1, 2021.RetrievedJuly 3,2007.
  36. ^Oregonian/OregonLive, The (June 27, 2004)."Gov. Ted Kulongoski's relationship with Neil Goldschmidt cut both ways".oregonlive.Archivedfrom the original on January 10, 2023.RetrievedJune 12,2024.
  37. ^Varchaver, Nicholas (April 4, 2005)."One False Move".Fortune Magazine.Archivedfrom the original on July 27, 2018.RetrievedAugust 3,2020.
  38. ^Redden, Jim (December 26, 2003)."Ex-guv's new job anything but certain".Portland Tribune.Archivedfrom the original on September 29, 2007.RetrievedJune 30,2007.
  39. ^Redden, Jim (December 23, 2003)."Goldschmidt feels SAIF heat".Portland Tribune.Archivedfrom the original on September 29, 2007.RetrievedJune 30,2007.
  40. ^"Goldschmidt still defending SAIF".Statesman Journal.Salem, Ore. January 2, 2004.
  41. ^Redden, Jim (February 27, 2004)."Governor files pose a quandary".Portland Tribune.Archivedfrom the original on September 26, 2007.RetrievedJune 30,2007.
  42. ^"Goldschmidt documents to be sent to Oregon state archives | The Seattle Times".archive.seattletimes.Archivedfrom the original on June 13, 2024.RetrievedJune 12,2024.
  43. ^Boulé, Margie (January 31, 2011)."Neil Goldschmidt's sex-abuse victim tells of the relationship that damaged her life".The Oregonian.Archivedfrom the original on February 22, 2014.RetrievedFebruary 11,2014.
  44. ^Esteve, Harry; Kinsey Hill, Gail (May 7, 2004)."Facing exposure, Neil Goldschmidt admits sexual relationship with 14-year-old girl while he was mayor of Portland".The Oregonian.Archivedfrom the original on May 1, 2019.RetrievedApril 30,2019.
  45. ^"Or. Rev. Stat. § 161.605 (2007)".Archivedfrom the original on January 31, 2019.RetrievedJanuary 30,2019.
  46. ^Lucas, Dan."The toxic legacy of Neil Goldschmidt lives on".Statesman Journal.Archivedfrom the original on June 13, 2024.RetrievedJune 12,2024.
  47. ^Goldschmidt, Neil (May 7, 2004)."Statement from Neil Goldschmidt".Archivedfrom the original on July 11, 2004.RetrievedJuly 3,2007.
  48. ^"Shameless Self-Promotion".Willamette Week.May 25, 2005. Archived fromthe originalon September 29, 2007.RetrievedJuly 4,2007.
  49. ^abHarden, Blaine (May 18, 2004)."The downfall of a political legend".The Washington Post.Archivedfrom the original on February 1, 2021.RetrievedFebruary 1,2021.
  50. ^Christensen, Kim; Walth, Brent (June 17, 2004)."Confidant in scandal got help with SAIF".The Oregonian.Archivedfrom the original on February 1, 2021.RetrievedJuly 1,2007.
  51. ^Hogan, Dave (May 15, 2004)."Goldschmidt surrenders law license".The Oregonian.Archivedfrom the original on February 1, 2021.RetrievedFebruary 1,2021.
  52. ^Redden, Jim (June 4, 2004)."Goldschmidt digs in heels over his files".Portland Tribune.Archivedfrom the original on October 25, 2008.RetrievedApril 6,2008.
  53. ^ab"State Archives Makes Goldschmidt Records Available".June 16, 2004.Archivedfrom the original on December 5, 2018.RetrievedApril 6,2008.
  54. ^"Governor Neil Goldschmidt's Administration".Oregon State Archives.Archivedfrom the original on December 5, 2018.RetrievedApril 6,2008.
  55. ^Hogan, Dave (February 23, 2005). "Political notebook: Goldschmidt records now available on the Internet".The Oregonian.
  56. ^abJaquiss, Nigel(December 15, 2004)."Who knew".Willamette Week.Archivedfrom the original on September 14, 2013.RetrievedAugust 17,2013.
  57. ^"Embattled Sheriff Giusto says he will retire at the end of this year".KATU News.February 7, 2008.Archivedfrom the original on February 2, 2009.RetrievedFebruary 8,2008.
  58. ^"Neil Goldschmidt's Portrait Will Be Removed From Capitol".Willamette Week.March 7, 2011. Archived fromthe originalon October 21, 2012.RetrievedApril 6,2011.
  59. ^Oregonian/OregonLive, The (May 9, 2004)."Former Gov. Neil Goldschmidt's sexual abuse of an underage girl sets his periodic retreats from a high-profile path in a different light".oregonlive.Archivedfrom the original on November 20, 2023.RetrievedJune 12,2024.
  60. ^"Neil Goldschmidt, former governor forever tainted by sexual abuse of young girl, dies".The Oregonian. June 12, 2024.Archivedfrom the original on June 13, 2024.RetrievedJune 12,2024.
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Political offices
Preceded by Mayor of Portland
1973–1979 		Succeeded by
Preceded by United States Secretary of Transportation
1979–1981 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Governor of Oregon
1987–1991 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Democraticnominee forGovernor of Oregon
1986 		Succeeded by

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