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Nellore

Coordinates:14°27′N79°59′E/ 14.45°N 79.99°E/14.45; 79.99
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Nellore
Sri Potti Sri Ramulu Nelluru
Vikirama Simhapuri
City
SPSR Nellore
Nickname:
Shrimp Capital of India
Map
Interactive map
Nellore is located in India
Nellore
Nellore
Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
Nellore is located in Andhra Pradesh
Nellore
Nellore
Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)
Nellore is located in India
Nellore
Nellore
Nellore (India)
Nellore is located in Asia
Nellore
Nellore
Nellore (Asia)
Nellore is located in Earth
Nellore
Nellore
Nellore (Earth)
Coordinates:14°27′N79°59′E/ 14.45°N 79.99°E/14.45; 79.99
CountryIndia
StateAndhra Pradesh
DistrictNellore
Incorporated (Municipality)1 November 1866
Incorporated (Corporation)2004
Named forIndian gooseberry
Government
• TypeMunicipal Corporation
• BodyNellore Municipal Corporation
•MPVemireddy Prabhakar Reddy
Area
[1][2]
• City149.2 km2(57.6 sq mi)
Population
(2011)[1][2][3]
• City600,869
• Rank4th(in AP)
• Density4,000/km2(10,000/sq mi)
•Metro
[2]
600,869
DemonymNellorean
Literacy
Languages
• OfficialTelugu
Time zoneUTC+5:30(IST)
PIN
524001-524005
Area code+91–861
Vehicle registrationAP-39
Websitenellore.cdma.ap.gov.in

Nelloreis a city located on the banks ofPenna River,[4]inNellore districtof theIndian stateofAndhra Pradesh.[5]It serves as the headquarters of the district, as well asNellore mandalandNellore revenue division.[6]It is thefourth most populouscity in the state. It is at a distance of 279 kilometres (173 mi) fromVijayawadaand about 170 km (110 mi) north ofChennai,Tamil Nadu and also about 380 km (240 mi) east-northeast ofBangalore,Karnataka.

Etymology

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There are various theories linked to the origin of the name Nellore. According to a mythological story from the Sthala Purana, the name is connected to a sacred lingam in the form of a stone found beneath a Phyllanthus emblica tree, also known as the nelli tree (nelli,meaning 'emblica tree' in Proto-Dravidian). The presence of the nelli tree in this story is believed to be one of the etymological roots of the region's name.

The more widely accepted theory is that the name "Nellore" is derived from the Tamil word "நெல்லு" (nellu), which means "paddy" or "rice." The region is renowned for its vast rice cultivation, and the name reflects its agricultural heritage and the importance of rice production in the area. Over time, the original Tamil name "Nelluru" evolved into the modern form "Nellore," used in both Telugu and Tamil-speaking regions.[7]

Historically, the area was known as Vikrama Simhapuri during the reign of the Chola dynasty. The abundance of paddy fields eventually led to the name being changed to Nellore. The region has long been associated with agriculture, particularly rice cultivation, which continues to play a significant role in its economy today.[8][9]

History

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Nellore had been under the rule ofMauryas,Satavahanas,Cholas,Pallavas,Pandyas,KharavelaofChedi dynasty,Kakatiyas,Eastern GangasofKalinga Empire,Vijayanagara Empire,Arcot Nawabsand other dynasties.[citation needed]

Nellore was ruled byAshokaof the Mauryan dynasty in the 3rd century BCE. Nellore was conquered by the rulers of thePallava dynastyand it was under their rule till the 6th century CE, subsequently theCholarulers ruled Nellore for a long period of time. TheCholasmet their decline in the 13th century CE.Tamilinscriptions indicate that it formed part ofChola kingdomtill their decline in the thirteenth century CE.[10]It later became a part ofKakatiyas,Vijayanagara Empire,Sultanate ofGolconda,Mughal EmpireandArcot Nawab.In 1758 Marathas under the command of Balwant Rao Captured Nellore from Nazibulla.[11]In the 18th century, Nellore was taken over by the British from theArcot Nawabsand was part of theMadras PresidencyofBritish India.

British rule – Madras Presidency

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The first account was produced by John Boswell in 1873 as collector. This report by the British Includes Climate, agriculture, health statistics as well important taxation information. Social structure including important families of Nellore from the 1800s. These included Venketagiri Raja, kalhastri Rajah, The Chundi Zamindhar, The Mutiyalpad Zamindhar, Sayidapur Zamindhar, Jupalli Zamindhars of Udayagiri, Udayagiri Jaghirediar, the Vazella Zamidhars of Gudur, Zamindhars of Ongole, Turrawar Poligar, Tadeboyina Polighar, The Chettiars Polighar, The Udathawar Polighar, The Gangulawar Poighar and Buchireddypalem Family. These families under the British Raj were responsible for the villages and lands in their possession. The British recognized the importance of Nellore in cultivation as well as important port of Krishnapatam.[12] The city had an important role in the emergence of the Telugu language and the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh.Potti Sriramulu,who fasted until death for the formation of Andhra Pradesh, hailed from Nellore.[citation needed]

Geography

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Location

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Nellore is located at14°26′N79°59′E/ 14.44°N 79.98°E/14.44; 79.98.[13][14]It has an average elevation of 18 metres (59 ft).[14]

Climate

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The climate of Nellore city can be placed underTropical Savanna climatecategory according toKöppen climate classificationwhich has hot and humid summers and warm winters. April and May are the hottest months and the hot conditions generally last until the end of the June. December, January and February are the coolest months. As theBay of Bengalis at a distance of 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the city, thesea breezerenders the climate of the city moderate both in winter and in summer. Humidity level in the city is high due to its proximity to the coast. Nellore does not receive thesouth-west monsoon.Rainfall in Nellore occurs between the months of October and December due to thenorth-east monsoon.This period gives about 60 percent of the city's annual rainfall.Cyclonesare common in the city during this period, causing floods and havoc.[15]

The maximum temperature is 36 to 46 °C (97 to 115 °F) during summer[16]and the minimum temperature is 23 to 25 °C (73 to 77 °F) during winter. The rainfall ranges from 700 to 1,000 mm (28 to 39 in) through South West and North East Monsoons. Nellore is subject both to droughts and to floods based on the seasons.[17]

Climate data for Nellore (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.6
(96.1) 		39.4
(102.9) 		43.9
(111.0) 		45.6
(114.1) 		46.7
(116.1) 		46.7
(116.1) 		42.2
(108.0) 		40.6
(105.1) 		41.7
(107.1) 		40.7
(105.3) 		36.7
(98.1) 		35.0
(95.0) 		46.7
(116.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29.9
(85.8) 		32.4
(90.3) 		35.1
(95.2) 		37.8
(100.0) 		39.9
(103.8) 		38.2
(100.8) 		36.0
(96.8) 		35.1
(95.2) 		35.1
(95.2) 		32.8
(91.0) 		30.1
(86.2) 		29.0
(84.2) 		34.3
(93.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 20.7
(69.3) 		22.0
(71.6) 		23.9
(75.0) 		26.2
(79.2) 		28.4
(83.1) 		28.5
(83.3) 		27.2
(81.0) 		26.7
(80.1) 		26.4
(79.5) 		25.2
(77.4) 		23.2
(73.8) 		21.5
(70.7) 		25.0
(77.0)
Record low °C (°F) 15.0
(59.0) 		16.1
(61.0) 		17.2
(63.0) 		20.2
(68.4) 		20.2
(68.4) 		21.1
(70.0) 		22.2
(72.0) 		21.7
(71.1) 		21.5
(70.7) 		18.9
(66.0) 		16.7
(62.1) 		14.4
(57.9) 		14.4
(57.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 26.0
(1.02) 		1.7
(0.07) 		3.5
(0.14) 		8.7
(0.34) 		43.1
(1.70) 		28.9
(1.14) 		85.9
(3.38) 		96.0
(3.78) 		97.2
(3.83) 		287.1
(11.30) 		290.9
(11.45) 		100.4
(3.95) 		1,069.4
(42.10)
Average rainy days 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 1.6 3.0 6.1 6.4 5.4 8.7 9.1 3.7 46.0
Averagerelative humidity(%)(at 17:30IST) 64 61 61 62 55 51 56 56 62 71 74 71 62
Source:India Meteorological Department[18][19]

Nellore has been ranked 18th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.[20]

Demographics

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Religion in Nellore[21]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 78.72%
Islam
 
 19.03%
Christianity
 
 1.59%
Others
 
 0.66%
Others includeSikhs,Buddhist, Jains &Parsis

As of the 2011[a] census,Nellore city had a population of 505,258. The average literacy rate stands at 83.59% (male 87.53%; female 79.52%) with 387,192 literates, significantly higher than the state average of 73.00%.[24][25]The expanded city population, post-merger of 15gram panchayatsinto Nellore Municipal Corporation stands at 631,791[26]

Historical population[1]
Year Population Growth rate
1961 106776 ---
1971 133590 25.1%
1981 237065 77.5%
1991 316606 33.6%
2001 404775 27.8%
2011 558,548 35.29%

Education

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The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided, and private schools of theSchool Education Departmentof the state.[27][28]The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English andTelugu.[29]

Governance

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Tikkana Park in Nellore

Civic administration

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Nellore Municipal Corporationwas constituted as a municipality on 1 November 1866 by the Madras District Municipality Act.[30][31]It was upgraded to corporation on 18 October 2004 and has a jurisdictional area of 150.48 km2(58.10 sq mi) with 54 wards.[32]In 2013, fifteen gram panchayats namely, Allipuram, Ambhapuram, Buja Buja Nellore, Chinthareddypalem, Gudupallipadu, Gundlapalem, Kallurupalli, Kanaparthypadu, Kodurupadu, Narayanareddypeta, Navalakulathota, Nellore Bit-I (Kothuru), Peddacherukuru, Pottipalem, Vavilatepadhu were merged into the municipal corporation.[33]Presentmayorof the city is Sravanthi.[34]

The city is one among the 31 cities in the state to be a part of water supply and sewerage services mission known asAtal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation(AMRUT).[35]

Politics

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Nellore is represented byNellore City assembly constituencyandNellore Rural assembly constituencyforAndhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.Ponguru Narayanais the presentMLAof Nellore City assembly constituency representingTelugu Desam Party.[36]Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddyis the presentMLAof Nellore Rural assembly constituency representingTelugu Desam Party.[37][38]

Culture

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Nellore water tank
Further information:Sri Moolastaneswara Swamy Temple

The residents of the city are generally referred asNelloreans.[39]TheRottela Panduga(Rotifestival) is an annualursevent celebrated at theBara Shaheed Dargah(shrine of twelve martyrs) on the banks of Swarnala Cheruvu.[40]The event got its name after the practice of exchanging flat breads and attracts visitors from all religious backgrounds every year and from all over the country and also from foreign countries.[41]

Cuisine

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Chepala Pulusu (fish curry)is anon-vegetarianrecipe of the Nellore district, prepared fromKorramennu.[42]Malai Kaja Nellore Famous Sweet is a localsweetmade frommaida,milkandsugar.[43]

Amenities

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Media

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Zaminryotnewspaper, established in 1930,[44]and theLawyer Weeklynewspaper[45]are based out of Nellore. In addition,Eenadu,[citation needed]Vaartha AndhraJyothy[46]andSakshi[47]newspapers are also printing local editions in Nellore.

Transport

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Main article:Transport in Nellore
National Highway 16 at Nellore
Nellore Railway Station

Local transport in the city include, two, three and four wheelers.[48]Of these, privately operatedauto rickshawsnumbered around 6,000 in 2017, dominating most parts of the city for local commuting.[49]Nellore bus stationof the city operates district and long-distance services.[50]Nellore railway stationis classified as anA gradeandAdarsh stationin theVijayawada railway divisionofSouth Central Railway zone.[51]The city also has three small railway stations namely,Nellore South,[52]Vedayapalem.[53]andPadugupadu railway stationTheSouthern RailwayoperatesMEMUsregularly for commuting between Nellore andChennai Central.[54]There is also a proposal to build ano frillsairport for the city.[55]

The city has a total road length of 1,189.95 km (739.40 mi).[56]The proposed Outer Ring Road, existing arterial and internal roads helps reduce traffic congestion.[49]The city is connected with majorNational highwayssuch as,National Highway 16,a part ofAsian Highway 45andGolden Quadrilateral,bypasses the city.[57]

Notable people

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^The planned2021 census of Indiawas delayed due to the Covid pandemic. As general elections are due in April 2024, further postponement has become necessary. It is now envisaged it will commence in late 2024.[22][23]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcSwachha Andhra Corporation (October 2016). "4.0 Brief about the Project Area".Integrated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management Project: Draft Detailed Project Report for Nellore (CLUSTER V) Nellore Cluster(PDF)(Report). Government of Andhra Pradesh. p. 20. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 17 October 2020.Retrieved9 June2019.
  2. ^abcOffice of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India (June 2014),"District Census Handbook – Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore: Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA)",2011 Census of India,Directorate of Census Operations Andhra Pradesh, pp. 27, 427–441, Series 29 — Part XII B,retrieved14 November2015(PDF file download– 5MB)Archived2 June 2022 at theWayback Machine
  3. ^Ravikiran, G."Fertile lands turning into concrete jungle".The Hindu.Retrieved18 May2017.
  4. ^Ravikiran, G."Lakhs celebrate 'gobbemma festival'".The Hindu.Retrieved18 May2017.
  5. ^Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India (June 2014),"District Census Handbook – Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore: Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA)",2011 Census of India,Directorate of Census Operations Andhra Pradesh, p. 25, Series 29 — Part XII B,retrieved14 November2015(PDF file download– 5MB)Archived2 June 2022 at theWayback Machine
  6. ^"District Census Hand Book: Guntur (Part A)"(PDF).Census of India.Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh. 2011. p. 164.Retrieved1 June2019.
  7. ^Burrow, T.; Emeneau, M. B. (1984).A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary.Clarendon Press.
  8. ^Sastri, Nilakanta (1935).The Colas.University of Madras.
  9. ^Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007).Historical Dictionary of the Tamils.Scarecrow Press.
  10. ^(1908)The Imperial Gazetteer of India.Volume 19. Nayakanhatti to Parbhani. Clarendon Press. p. 9
  11. ^Madras, Government of (2004).Gazetteer of the Nellore District: Brought Upto 1938.Asian Educational Services. p. 70-71.ISBN978-81-206-1851-0.
  12. ^Boswell, John (1873).A Manual of the Nellore District(1 ed.). H. Morgan at the Government Press. p. 891.
  13. ^"Latitude and Longitude of Nellore, Andhra Pradesh | Nellore Coordinates".mapsofindia.Retrieved25 March2016.
  14. ^ab"Maps, Weather, and Airports for Nellore, India".fallingrain.
  15. ^"Welcome to Nellore".ap.nic.in.Archived fromthe originalon 31 January 2015.
  16. ^"Nellore and Ongole record season's highest temperatures".Deccan Chronicle.7 May 2019.Retrieved18 May2019.
  17. ^"District Profile | Nellore Municipal Corporation".Archived fromthe originalon 23 October 2019.Retrieved28 December2019.
  18. ^ "Station: Nellore Climatological Table 1981–2010"(PDF).Climatological Normals 1981–2010.India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 549–550. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 5 February 2020.Retrieved19 February2020.
  19. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)"(PDF).India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M16. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 5 February 2020.Retrieved19 February2020.
  20. ^"Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024"(PDF).Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024.7 September 2024.
  21. ^"Census of India – Socio-cultural aspects".Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived fromthe originalon 20 May 2011.Retrieved2 March2011.
  22. ^Singh, Vijaita (5 January 2023)."Decennial census exercise postponed till September 2023".The Hindu.
  23. ^"Census to be delayed again, deadline for freezing administrative boundaries pushed to January 1, 2024".The Indian Express.2 July 2023.
  24. ^"Cities having population 1 lakh and above"(PDF).Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.Retrieved26 March2012.
  25. ^"Literacy of AP (Census 2011)"(PDF).AP govt. portal. p. 43. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 14 July 2014.Retrieved11 June2014.
  26. ^"Smart wards: Nellore woos industrialists".The Hindu.Nellore. 26 January 2015.Retrieved25 August2015.
  27. ^"School Education Department"(PDF).School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 27 December 2015.Retrieved7 November2016.
  28. ^"The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal | AP State Portal".ap.gov.in.Archived fromthe originalon 7 November 2016.Retrieved7 November2016.
  29. ^"Nellore Municipal Corporation school outshines corporate".Deccan Chronicle.23 June 2015.Retrieved9 November2016.
  30. ^Ravikiran, G. (1 April 2014)."Fertile lands turning into concrete jungle".The Hindu.Retrieved31 October2016.
  31. ^"Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs"(PDF).Directorate of Town and Country Planning.Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 8 August 2016.Retrieved29 January2016.
  32. ^"Municipality Profile".Nellore Municipal Corporation.Retrieved18 May2017.
  33. ^"SPSR NELLORE-District Panchayat".nellorzp.appr.gov.in.Retrieved31 October2016.
  34. ^Ravi Kiran, G (12 April 2015)."Civic body gears up to tackle water woes".Th Hindu.Nellore.Retrieved30 April2015.
  35. ^Vadlapatla, Sribala (11 August 2015)."Amaravati among 31 AP cities selected for Amruth development".The Times of India.Hyderabad.Retrieved18 December2015.
  36. ^"Nellore City Assembly 2014 Election Results".Elections.in.Retrieved14 October2014.
  37. ^"MLA".AP State Portal. Archived fromthe originalon 8 October 2014.Retrieved14 October2014.
  38. ^"Nellore City Assembly 2014 Election Results".Elections.in.Retrieved14 October2014.
  39. ^Prasad, P. V. (30 November 2016)."Gutti Vankaya curry no more a delicacy".The Hans India.Retrieved9 June2019.
  40. ^G. Ravikiran (31 October 2014)."'Rottela Panduga' from Nov. 4 in Nellore ".The Hindu.
  41. ^G. Ravikiran (5 November 2014)."2 lakh devotees throng Bara Shahid dargah".The Hindu.
  42. ^Prasad, P. V. (4 March 2017)."Cultured korameenu takes sheen off fish curry".The Hans India.Retrieved9 June2019.
  43. ^Prasad, P. V. (21 April 2016)."Nellore Malai Kaja goes online".The Hans India.Nellore.Retrieved9 June2019.
  44. ^"ZaminryotHome: Longest Living Newspaper in Telegu Journalism ".Zaminryot(in Telugu).Retrieved9 October2023.
  45. ^
  46. ^"వార్త ఆంధ్రజ్యోతి Nellore main edition".epaper AndhraJyothy Vaartha-Telugu News(in Telugu).Retrieved9 October2023.
  47. ^"SPSR Nellore".Sakshi(in Telugu).Retrieved9 October2023.
  48. ^"Growing number of vehicles cause of traffic chaos in Nellore".The Hindu.Nellore. 13 February 2017.Retrieved4 July2017.
  49. ^ab"ORR proposed for Nellore to decongest city traffic".The Hans India.Retrieved4 July2017.
  50. ^"Bus stations across AP to be linked to PNBS".The Hindu.Retrieved4 July2017.
  51. ^"Vijayawada Division – a profile"(PDF).Indian Railways.Retrieved13 February2013.
  52. ^"Railways will help develop AP".The Hans India.Retrieved4 July2017.
  53. ^"Nellore South Railway Station".Indian Railways Trains & Stations – India Rail Info.Retrieved18 July2015.
  54. ^"Nellore-Central MEMU services from tomorrow".The Hindu.Chennai. 8 November 2002.Retrieved4 July2017.[dead link]
  55. ^Reddy, B. Dasarath (25 December 2015)."Traffic rise in old airports gives a boost to Andhra's plan to build 6 new runways".Business Standard India.Retrieved24 May2017.
  56. ^"Details of Roads in each ULB of Andhra Pradesh".Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department.Archived fromthe originalon 1 August 2016.Retrieved27 June2016.
  57. ^"NHAI Under Pressure to Lay Another Bypass Road".The New Indian Express.25 August 2014. Archived fromthe originalon 28 August 2014.Retrieved4 June2016.
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