Nemrik 9
 | |
  Shown within Iraq | |
| Location | Iraq |
|---|---|
| Region | Dohuk Governorate |
| Coordinates | 36°43′00″N42°51′00″E/ 36.716667°N 42.85°E |
| Type | Tell |
| Area | 1.8 hectares (18,000 m2) |
| History | |
| Material | Mudbrick |
| Founded | c. 9800 BC |
| Abandoned | c. 8270 BC |
| Periods | Khiamian,PPNA,PPNB |
| Site notes | |
| Excavation dates | 1985–1987 |
| Archaeologists | Stefan Karol Kozlowski Karol Szymczak |
Nemrik 9is an earlyNeolithicarcheological sitein theDohuk Governoratein the north of modern-dayIraq.[1]
The site covers an area of approximately 1.8 hectares (18,000 m2)[1]and was excavated between 1985 and 1989 on behalf of thePolish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology University of Warsawby Stefan Karol Kozlowski and Karol Szymczak (University of Warsaw) as part of the Eski Mosul (Saddam Dam) Salvage Project.[2][3][4]It is located on a terrace of theTigrisnear the Kurdish Mountains and sits at an altitude of 345 metres (1,132 ft) above sea level. Numerous rounded buildings were found along with evidence of communal courtyards. Buildings featured post holes and benches with walls that were made ofmudbrickand plastered with clay. Several graves were found containing anything fromskullfragments to fullskeletons.Stone tools found at the site includedpestles,mortars,quern-stones,grinders,axesand polishing stones. Some rare examples of worked stone were discovered including one piece made frommarble.Some decorative adornments were also found, including beads, pendants, shell and bone ornaments. Some stone and clay art objects were recovered in the shapes of heads and animals, these included a series of sixteen bird heads.[1]
Faunal analysis was carried out by A. Lasota-Moskalewska and found relatively few remains from domestic sheep, goats, pigs and cattle. Other bones found included variousantelope,jackal,deer,boar,badger,andhorse.Somesnailshells were found that were also considered to be a food source. There was also evidence ofpantherand Indianbuffalo.Plant remains at the site were floated by Mark Nesbitt and indicated evidence forbitter vetch,peaandlentil,the domestication of which was not determined. The site was well situated between the two terrain types of grassysteppeandforestand is considered of key importance for research into village structures in thePre-Pottery Neolithic Astage.[1]
References[edit]
- ^abcdKozlowski, Stefan Karol (1989)."Nemrik 9, a PPN Neolithic site in Northern Iraq".Paléorient.15(1): 25–31.doi:10.3406/paleo.1989.4482.
- ^Kozłowski, S. K., Kempisty, A., Mazurowski R., Reiche, A. & Szymczak, K., "Second report on the excavations of the Pre-pottery Neolithic site Nemrik 9 in 1986, Saddam’s Dam Salvage Project.", Sumer, vol. 46, pp. 13–18, 1990
- ^Kozłowski, S. K., Kempisty, A., Szymczak, K., Mazurowski R., Reiche, A. & Borkowski, W., "A preliminary report on the third season 1987 of the Polish excavations at Nemrik 9, Saddam’s Dam Salvage Project.", Sumer, vol. 46, pp. 19–24, 1990
- ^Kozłowski, S. K., Borkowski, W., Kempisty, A., Mazurowski, R., Szymczak, K. & Reiche, A., "Fourth report on the excavations of the Pre-pottery Neolithic site Nemrik 9.", Sumer, vol. 46, pp. 26–29, 1990