Print circulation

This article is about a principal type of circulation as a measure of readership. For the other principal type, seeLibrary circulation.

Part of a newspaper print circulation

Print circulationis the average number of copies of apublication.The number of copies of a non-periodical publication (such as a book) are usually calledprint run.Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often calledpaid circulation,since some issues are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy is read by more than one person.

Concept

Print circulation is a goodproxy measureof printreadershipand is thus one of the principal factors used to set printadvertisingrates (prices). In many countries, circulations areauditedby independent bodies such as theAudit Bureau of Circulationsto assure advertisers that a given newspaper does reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are internationalopen accessdirectories such asMondo Times,but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves.

World newspapers with the largest circulation

TheWorld Association of Newspapers and News Publishers(WAN-IFRA) publishes a list of newspapers with the largest circulation. In 2011, India led the world in terms of newspaper circulation with nearly 330 million newspapers circulated daily.In 2010, China topped the list in term of total newspaper circulation with 110.78 million a day, ahead of India in second with 100.993 million, followed by Japan, with 50.4 million; the United States, with 48.5 million; and Germany, with 19.7 million. In the 2019 survey, among the top 10 newspapers, all were Asian newspapers and four were Japanese newspapers.

The JapaneseYomiuri Shimbun(Đọc bán tin tức),Asahi Shimbun(Mặt trời mới mọc tin tức) are still thelargest circulatednewspapers in the world.The Times of Indiais thelargest circulatedEnglish-language daily newspaper in the world, across all formats (Broadsheet, Compact, Berliner and Online).Reference News(《 tham khảo tin tức 》) is the most popular paper in China.

According to theGuinness Book of Records,the daily circulation of the Soviet newspaperKomsomolskaya Pravdaexceeded 21,500,000 in 1990, while the Soviet weeklyArgumenty i Faktyboasted a circulation of 33,500,000 in 1991.

In many developed countries, print circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy.

Individual countries

Australia

For a more comprehensive list, seeList of newspapers in Australia by circulation.

The Herald Sunhas the highest circulation in Australia. Based in one of the country's two major cities,Melbourne,it is the result of the amalgamation of the originalSunandHeraldnewspapers.

Belgium

The Belgian institution CIM (Centre for Information about Media) publishes national circulation figures for all written, audiovisual and web-based media in Belgium. The top ten best-selling papers according to their website[1]areHet Laatste Nieuws,317,715;Het Nieuwsblad,245,209;SUD Presse(group of papers focused on community specific content), 147,749;Het Belang van Limburg,121,428;Le Soir,113,780; Vers l'avenir, 109,287 (group of papers focused on community specific content);La Dernière Heure,107,583;De Standaard,104,758.

Canada

For a more comprehensive list, seeList of Canadian newspapers by circulation.

The most widely read paper in the country is theToronto Star,which, as of the six-month period ending on March 31, 2007, averaged 634,886 copies sold on Saturday, 436,694 Monday to Friday, and 442,265 on Sunday.The second most widely read paper is Toronto-based national newspaperThe Globe and Mail,which averaged 374,000 copies on Saturdays, and 303,000 Monday to Friday. The most widely read French-language newspaper isLe Journal de Montréal,which averaged 319,899 copies on Saturday, 267,404 Monday to Friday, and 264,733 on Sunday. Unlike in the United States, newspapers in Canada published their biggest and mostly widely read editions on Saturdays.

India

For a more comprehensive list, seeList of newspapers in India by circulation.

TheAudit Bureau of Circulationsshows that the largest read local language newspapers to beDainik Bhaskar(with 4.320 million readers) andDainik Jagran(with 3.410 million readers), both published inHindi.TheTimes of Indiais the most widely readEnglish languagenewspaper ( 3.029 million), followed byMalayala Manorama(2.370 million),Amar Ujala(2.067 million),Hindustan Times(1.132 million),Eenadu(1.732 million),Daily Thanthiis a Tamil daily (1.498 million),Anandabazar Patrikais Bengali language newspaper(1.075 million).Malayala Manoramanewspaper which is published inMalayalamfrom Kerala, currently has a readership of over 2.370 million (with a circulation base of over 2.4 million copies) has the most circulation in other languages.

Japan

For a more comprehensive list, seeList of newspapers in Japan.

The 2022 circulation figures for the morning and evening editions of Japan's newspapers:Yomiuri Shimbun,6,870,000; TheAsahi Shimbun,5,890,000;Mainichi Shimbun,2,572,000;Nihon Keizai Shimbun,1,731,000;Chunichi Shimbun/Tokyo Shimbun,2,871,000;Sankei Shimbun,1,330,000;Nikkan Sports,1,661,828;Hokkaido Shimbun,1,896,594;Shizuoka Shimbun,1,479,000;.

Norway

TheNorwegian Media Businesses' Associationpublishes national circulation figures for every newspaper in Norway every year. In 2011 the most read newspaper was theOslo-based national newspaperAftenposten,with a circulation of 235,795 followed by the tabloidVerdens Gangwith 211,588. The local evening newspaperAftenaverages 101,574 and the tabloidDagbladethad 98,989 readers. The financial newspaperDagens Næringslivaveraged 82,595. In the top ten list it is followed by five local newspapers:Bergens Tidende,79,467;Adresseavisen,71,657;Stavanger Aftenblad,63,283;Fædrelandsvennen,36,604 andDrammens Tidende,33,352.

Turkey

For a more comprehensive list, seeList of newspapers in Turkey.

As of August 2016, the top 6 best-selling papers are respectively:Hürriyet,340,898;Sözcü,322,829;Sabah,313,989;Posta,302,919;Habertürk,253,256 andMilliyet,143,577.

United Kingdom

For a more comprehensive list, seeList of newspapers in the United Kingdom by circulation.

According to theAudit Bureau of Circulationsthe newspaper with the UK's highest paid circulation is theDaily Mailat 800,110 as of November 2022.

United States

For a more comprehensive list, seeList of newspapers in the United States by circulation.

The heyday of the newspaper industry was the 1940s, but the percentage of Americans reading newspapers began to decline with the increased competition from radio, television and, more recently, the Internet. A growing population helped the absolute circulation numbers continue to increase until the 1970s, where it remained stable until the 1990s, when absolute circulation numbers began declining.

Newspaper circulation numbers are reported to theAlliance for Audited Media.The best-selling papers in America, measured by combined daily average circulation as of March 31, 2013, are theWall Street Journalwith 2,378,827 in circulation;The New York Timesat 1,865,318; andUSA Todaywith 1,674,306. Overall, for the 593 reporting newspapers, daily circulation declined 0.7 percent year-over-year between March 2012 and March 2013. Sunday circulation was down 1.4 percent over the same period.

See also

• List of newspapers by circulation
• List of magazines by circulation
• Newspaper delivery:The circulation department of a newspaper, in addition to soliciting subscriptions, also distributes them to subscribers to the print edition. The last step is newspaper delivery consisting of newspaper routes run either by motor vehicle or traditional adolescent "paper boys."
• Printer's key

External links

• Newspaper Map (circulation worldwide)
• BPA Worldwide: Media Auditing
• The State of the Media 2004 from journalism.org
• Alliance for Audited Media web site
• The Front Pages of the Main Newspapers of the World
• Editor & Publisher Yearbook On-line with circulation statistics
• Searchable database of Canadian newspaper circulation figures from the Canadian Newspaper Association
• English Newspaper in Spain