Ngaju language
| Ngaju | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Kalimantan |
| Ethnicity | Ngaju |
Native speakers | 890,000 (2003)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nij |
| Glottolog | ngaj1237 |
Ngaju(alsoNgaju DayakorDayak Ngaju) is anAustronesianlanguage spoken along the Kapuas,Kahayan,Katingan, and Mentaya Rivers inCentral Kalimantan,Indonesia.It is closely related to theBakumpai language.There are three dialects—Pulopetak, Ba'amang, and Mantangai.[2]
Phonology[edit]
Consonants[edit]
Ngaju has the following consonants.
| Biabial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||
| Stop | p | b | t | d | c | ɟ | k | g | ||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||||||
| Approximant (Lateral) |
j | w | ||||||||
| l | ||||||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||
Vowels[edit]
Ngaju has the following vowels. All vowels exceptəcan be long.[3]
| Front | Central | Back rounded | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Low | a |
Orthography[edit]
Vowels and diphthongs[edit]
- a –[a]
- e –[e/ə]
- i –[i]
- o –[o]
- u –[u]
- ai –[aj]
- au –[aw]
- ei –[ej]
Consonants[edit]
- b –[b]
- c –[c]
- d –[d]
- g –[g]
- h –[h]
- j –[ɟ]
- k –[k/ʔ]
- l –[l]
- m –[m]
- n –[n]
- ng –[ŋ]
- ny –[ɲ]
- p –[p]
- r –[r]
- s –[s]
- t –[t]
- w –[w]
- y –[j][4]
Vocabulary[edit]
Vocabulary comparison between Bakumpai, Ngaju, Indonesian and English languages.
| Bakumpai | Ngaju | Indonesian | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jida | Dia | Tidak | No |
| Beken | Beken | Bukan | Not |
| Pai | Pai | Kaki | Foot/Leg |
| Kueh | Kueh | Mana | Which/Where |
| Si-kueh | Bara-kueh | Dari mana | Where from |
| Hituh | Hetuh | Sini | Here |
| Si-hituh | Intu-hetuh | Di sini | Here |
| Bara | Bara | Dari | From |
| Kejaw | Kejaw | Jauh | Far |
| Tukep/Parak | Tukep | Dekat | Near |
| Kuman | Kuman | Makan | Eat |
| Mihup | Mihop | Minum | Drink |
| Lebu | Lewu | Kampung | Village |
| Batatapas | Bapukan | Mencuci pakaian | To wash clothes |
Notes[edit]
- ^NgajuatEthnologue(18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
- ^Gordon, Raymond G. Jr. (2005).Ethnologue: Languages of the World(15th ed.). Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- ^abcMihing & Stokhof (1977)
- ^"Ngaju language".Omniglot.Retrieved30 August2021.
References[edit]
- Ashn E. Johannes (1971).An Introduction to Dayak Ngaju Morphology(MA thesis). Malang.
- Mihing, T. W. J.; Stokhof, W. A. L. (1977)."On the Ngaju Dayak sound system (Pulau Petak dialect)"(PDF).In Soepomo Poedjosoedarmo (ed.).Miscellaneous Studies in Indonesian and Languages in Indonesia, Part III.NUSA 4. Jakarta: Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. pp. 49–59.
