Ngardi
TheNgardi,also spelledNgarti,are anAboriginal Australianpeople of theNorthern TerritoryandWestern Australia.
Name and grouping
[edit]Arthur Capelltook the termNgardito refer, not to a distinct tribe, but to a branch of theWarlpiri,a point contested byNorman Tindale,who maintained they were distinct.[1]
TheWanjinaandWunggurrspirits are essential elements of the life of thecultural blocknown as theWanjina Wunggurr,generally consisting of theWorrorra,WunambalandNgarinyinpeoples of the Kimberley.[2]For the purpose of a mineral rights agreement with a mining company in 2006, the Worrorra were also grouped with the Ngardi, asDambimangari (Dambima-Ngardi), said to share the Wanjina-Wunggurr belief systems. Rock paintings depicting Wanjina, as well as theGwion Gwion( "Bradshaw" ) paintings, are evidence of the shared culture.[3]
Country
[edit]InNorman Tindale's calculations, the Ngarti's tribal territory stretched over approximately 25,000 square miles (65,000 km2), covering thesandhill countrywest of theTanami track,extending from Chilla Well, the Granites, and Gardiner Range over the border intoWestern Australiaat Ima Ima. They were present at Sturt Creek, and thePallottine Mission areaatBalgo Hill.Their southern extension, he adds, went as far as across themulga scrublandto Milidjipi and Tekkari north ofLake Mackay.[4]
Joint land claim
[edit]On 21 August 1980 a land claim was submitted by 90 claimants on behalf of theWarlpiri,Kukatjaand Ngarti peoples, astraditional owners,under theAboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976,for an area of about 2,340 square kilometres (900 sq mi). It was the 11th traditional land claim presented on behalf of Aboriginaltraditional ownersby theCentral Land Council.The land borders on areas in which each of the languages –Ngarti,Warlpiri,andKukatja– is dominant. People from the different language groups have been influenced by each other when residing atBalgo, Western AustraliaandLajamanu, Northern Territory.The claim was presented atBalgo Mission.The recommendation handed down byJustice Sir William Kearneyon 23 August 1985[5]and presented on 19 August 1986 was that "the whole of the claim area be granted to a Land Trust for the benefit of Aboriginals entitled by tradition to its use or occupation, whether or not the traditional entitlement is qualified as to place, time, circumstance, purpose or permission".[6]
Mineral rights agreement
[edit]in April 2006, the Aztec Resources (nowMount Gibson Iron[7]) mining company signed a co-existence agreement with theDambimangari(Dambima/Worrorra-Ngardi)traditional ownersofKoolan Islandregarding theiriron oremining operations on the island. The agreement aimed to ensure that 30% of the 220 person workforce is filled by Indigenous people by the eighth year of operation.[8]
Language
[edit]The Ngarti people spoke theNgardi language.[9]
Alternative names
[edit]- Bunara, Boonara
- Kolo.(Pintubiexonym)
- Kukuruba(Ngalia exonym)
- Manggai(toponym)
- Munga(?) (cited byR. H. Mathews)
- Ngadi
- Ngari
- Panara.(general term for grass seed winnowing tribes like the Ngarti)
- Puruwantung, Buruwatung
- Waiangara
- Waiangari(Ngaliaexonym)
- Waingara, Waiangadi
- Walmala(pejorative)
- Waringari,Warangari.(Warlpiri pejorative for the Ngarti)
- Wommana
- Woneiga, Wanayaga
Source:Tindale 1974,p. 234
See also
[edit]- Ngururrpa,a grouping of peoples of language groups including Ngardi
Notes
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^Tindale 1974,p. 234.
- ^"Wunambal Gaambera People".Wunambal Gaambera Country.Includes map. 14 February 2020.
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: others (link) - ^"Aztec Resources Ltd Announcements - Aztec Resources Ltd: Koolan Island Agreement".Investegate.24 April 2006.Retrieved10 November2020.
- ^Tindale 1974,pp. 233–234.
- ^"Warlpiri, Kukatja and Ngarti Land Claim".Central Land Council, Australia.March 1987.Retrieved15 October2020.
[From]Land Rights NewsVol 2, No 2, March 1987
- ^Australia. Office of the Aboriginal Land Commissioner; Kearney, William J.; Australia. Department of Aboriginal Affairs; Northern Territory. Administrator (1985),Warlpiri Kukatja and Ngarti land claim,Parliamentary Paper No. 191/1986, Australian Government Publishing Service,ISBN978-0-644-04273-4
- ^"Mount Gibson to swallow Aztec Resources".The Sydney Morning Herald.28 November 2006.Retrieved10 November2020.
- ^"Aztec Resources Ltd Announcements - Aztec Resources Ltd: Koolan Island Agreement".Investegate.24 April 2006.Retrieved10 November2020.
- ^A121Ngardi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
Sources
[edit]- Capell, Arthur(June 1940). "The Classification of Languages in North and North-West Australia (Continued)".Oceania.10(4): 404–433.doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1940.tb00304.x.JSTOR40327866.
- Tindale, Norman Barnett(1974)."Ngardi (NT)".Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names.Australian National University Press.ISBN978-0-708-10741-6.