Jump to content

Nicanor Duarte

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In thisSpanish name,the first or paternalsurnameisDuarteand the second or maternal family name isFrutos.
Nicanor Duarte
Duarte in 2006
47thPresident of Paraguay
In office
15 August 2003 – 15 August 2008
Vice PresidentLuis Castiglioni
Francisco Oviedo
Preceded byLuis González Macchi
Succeeded byFernando Lugo
Paraguayan Director of the Yacyretá Dam
Assumed office
15 August 2018
Preceded byÁngel María Recalde
Paraguayan Ambassador to Argentina
In office
25 October 2013 – 4 January 2016
PresidentHoracio Cartes
Preceded byGabriel Enciso López
Succeeded byFederico González
President of the Colorado Party
In office
15 May 2001 – 14 August 2003
Preceded byBader Rachid Lichi
Succeeded byJosé Alberto Alderete
Minister of Education and Culture
In office
30 March 1999 – 29 January 2001
PresidentLuis González Macchi
Preceded byCelsa Bareiro de Soto
Succeeded byDarío Zárate Arellano
In office
15 August 1993 – 13 February 1997
PresidentJuan Carlos Wasmosy
Preceded byHoracio Galeano Perrone
Succeeded byVicente Sarubbi
Personal details
Born
Óscar Nicanor Duarte Frutos

(1956-10-11)11 October 1956(age 67)
Coronel Oviedo,Paraguay
Political partyColorado Party
Spouse
​
(m.1984)​
Children6
Alma materUniversidad Católica de Asunción
Universidad Nacional de Asunción
Occupation
  • Lawyer
  • journalist
  • politician
Signature
NicknameEl tendota[1]

Óscar Nicanor Duarte Frutos(born 11 October 1956) is a Paraguayan lawyer, journalist and politician who served as the 47thPresident of Paraguayfrom 2003 to 2008. A member of theColorado Party,he became the central figure ofParaguayan politicsduring his presidency.

Born into a lower class rural family, Duarte pursued a career inlawand laterjournalism,becoming aradiosports commentatorandcolumnist.[2]In the 1990s he got into politics, serving in thecabinetsof PresidentsJuan Carlos WasmosyandLuis González Macchi,both times as Minister of Education. Duarte became one of the top allies of the Colorado Party politicianLuis María Argaña,inheriting his political clout after his assassination in March of 1999. Duarte was elected presidentin 2003,by a plurality of 37%, taking advantage of a three-way split in theoppositionto theincumbentColorado Party. Inaugurated at 46, Duarte was one of Paraguay's youngest presidents, as well as its first non-Catholic,being aprotestantconvert.[3][4][5]

Duarte's administration was marked by a rejection of the path his country and party had taken in the past decade, turning away fromneoliberalismto instead embrace thepink tideand21st century socialism.[6][7][8]Overall, the Paraguayan economy grew during his tenure, mostly as part of a recovery from the crisis of the 1990s. His support of and from Venezuelan PresidentHugo Chávez,as well as his proposal toamendthe constitutionto allow the reelection of the president, made large parts of the Paraguayan public see him as increasingly authoritarian, leading in part to the defeat of his protégé,Blanca Ovelar,in the2008 election.[9][10][11]

In said 2008 election Duarte was elected senator, but the Senate refused to swear him in, arguing that it would be unconstitutional, this happened again in 2018. After leaving office Duarte served asAmbassadortoArgentinafrom 2013 to 2016, under the presidency ofHoracio Cartes.He was later appointed director of theYacyretá Dam.Like all former presidents, Duarte currently holds the ceremonial and powerless title ofSenator for life.

Early life and career[edit]

Family[edit]

Óscar Nicanor Duarte Frutos was born on 11 October 1956 inCoronel Oviedo,Caaguazú,to a rural lower-classmestizofamily. His father was a police officer and his mother was a teacher, both were affiliated to theColorado Party.[12]Nicanor started working atsawmillswhen he was eleven, while attending school. At 14 he joined the Colorado Party, something that wasde factomandatory at the time, due tothe dictatorship.

Education and early career[edit]

In the 1970s Duarte moved toAsunción,where he studied law and journalism. He became asports commentator,working at a Caaguazúradio station.In the early 1980s he was hired by theeditor-in-chiefofÚltima Hora,where he started working as acolumnist.At this point in his life Duarte was fairly poor, he lived in a small apartment and had few material possessions.[13]In 1984 he obtained a law degree from theCatholic University of Asuncionand in 1989 a doctorate from theNational University of Asuncion.

Wife and children[edit]

In the 1970s he started datingMaría Gloria Penayo Solaeche,who he married in 1984. They had six children: José, Héctor, María, Martín, Santiago and Facundo.[14]Penayo is a member of aMennonite church,Duarte decided toconvertalongside her.

Political career[edit]

Afterthe fall of Alfredo Stroessnerin 1989, Duarte got more involved in politics and started climbing up the ladder of the Colorado Party throughout the 1990s. He became Vice Minister of Education during theRodríguezadministration and was later appointed Minister of Education by PresidentJuan Carlos Wasmosyin 1993.

Duarte became an opponent ofarmy generalandcoloradocaudilloLino Oviedo,who leda failed coupagainst Wasmosy in 1996. His opposition to Oviedo drifted Duarte increasingly closer to the general's main rival,Luis María Argaña,who led his own faction within the party, theColorado Reconciliation Movement.In 1997 Duarte left the Ministry of Education to instead be Argaña's running mate in the Colorado Partyprimaries,held to elect the party's nominee for president in the1998 election.[15]In an effort to unite the party, Argaña became the running mate of theoviedistaRaúl Cubas,who won the election.

In March of 1999 Vice President Argaña was assasinated. This sparked rage and fear of another coup by Oviedo, which led tolarge proteststhat eventually made Cubas resign. TheargañistaLuis González Macchiwas sworn in as president and quickly appointed Duarte back to the Ministry of Education. Duarte inherited Argaña's political faction and clout, effectively becoming his successor. In 2001 he resigned as Education Minister to become president of the Colorado Party.

2003 presidential election[edit]

Main article:2003 Paraguayan general election

Colorado Party primary elections[edit]

On 22 December 2002, Duarte won theColorado Party's nomination for president in the 2003 general election. He defeatedOsvaldo Domínguez Dibb,a wealthy businessman known for being president of theClub Olimpiafootball team.[15]Domínguez Dibb was the leader of theneoestronistamovement, having been a big supported of the dictator and related to him through marriage.

General election[edit]

On 27 April 2003, Duarte won the presidential election with a plurality, 37,1% of the vote. He beatJulio César "Yoyito" Francoof theAuthentic Radical Liberal Party(24%), Pedro Fadul of the recently createdBeloved Fatherland Party(21,3%) and Guillermo Sánchez of theoviedistaNational Union of Ethical Citizens(13,5%). This three-way split in the opposition to the Colorado Party played in his favor.

Presidency (2003–2008)[edit]

Duarte withArgentine PresidentNéstor Kirchnerin 2004
Duarte withUS Secretary of DefenseDonald Rumsfeldin 2005

Nicanor Duarte pursued policies which were somewhat more left-wing than has been the case for the Colorado Party over its 60-year rule of Paraguay. At least in speeches, he had opposedfree tradeand reached out to regional Latin American countries with left-leaning governments.

Later life[edit]

In two separate instances, Duarte Frutos ran for, was elected, and attempted to be sworn-in as an active, voting Senator, despite Paraguayan law stating that upon leaving office, presidents can only besenador vitalicio(senator for life), a ceremonial, non-voting post.

Duarte first announced his resignation as president,[16]in order to assume a position as Senator on 1 July 2008. He presented his resignation on 23 June 2008 to then President of theCongress of Paraguay,senator Miguel Abdón Saguier.[17]

Opposition and government-endorsed members of theParaguayan Congressimmediately announced they were going to boycott Duarte Frutos's resignation by not attending the extraordinary session of the Congress where it would be determined whether the President's resignation would be accepted or not. While some held positions in favour of Duarte Frutos assuming as senator, citing a sentence from the Superior Electoral Justice Tribunal, other congresspeople argued that Duarte Frutos's swearing-in senator would be illegal, and Congress would be violating the Constitution if swearing-in Duarte Frutos without the legal quorum.[18]If Congress did not accept the resignation, Duarte would have to continue his term until 15 August and would be unable to become an elected senator, becoming instead a non-voting senator for life as a former president.[19]As expected, thequorumwas not reached at the extraordinary session called for this reason for 24 June 2008.[20][21]Since Duarte Frutos could not occupy the seat belonging to him on 1 July, Jorge Cespedes, from the Colorado Party, was assigned and assumed as titular of the vacant seat of Duarte at the Senate.

On 26 August, another extraordinary session of Congress was called to swear-in Duarte Frutos, but once again many congresspeople left the session, which was declared "empty" or abandoned by Congress President Enrique Gonzalez Quintana. Nonetheless, Gonzalez Quintana proceeded to the swearing-in and swore Duarte Frutos, who arrived at the Legislative Palace followed by fellow Colorado Party supporters.[22]However, on 4 September, theParaguayan Senate,in session to discuss resolutions on the crisis concerning Duarte Frutos's swearing-in as senator, finally approved a bill, revalidating a previous bill that had not been approved the previous session of 28 August. On the session of the 28 August, Jorge Cespedes was confirmed as titular senator, instead of Duarte Frutos, who was in turn confirmed assenador vitalicio,orsenator for life,handing its seat upon Cespedes.[23]

In 2018, Duarte Frutos and then-outgoing Paraguayan President Horacio Cartes were elected as senators to represent the Colorado Party in the 2018 Paraguayan General elections, raising criticism from the opposition that their senate candidacies were unconstitutional, but the Superior Tribunal of Electoral Justice overruled that decision, claiming that both Cartes and Duarte Frutos were eligible to run for the Senate. Ultimately, neither were able to assume as Senators this time either.

References[edit]

  1. ^"El desconcierto del tendota".ABC Color(in Spanish).
  2. ^"De periodista pobre a político millonario".Última Hora(in Spanish). 2007-01-20.Retrieved2024-02-01.
  3. ^"Las edades de los últimos presidentes: Santiago Peña, el más joven en asumir el cargo".Diario HOY.23 May 2023.
  4. ^Gonzalez de Bosio, Beatrz (2017-03-11)."Galería de primeras damas paraguayas".ABC Color.Archivedfrom the original on 2021-02-26.Retrieved2021-07-01.
  5. ^"Las diferencias entre católicos y menonitas".ABC Color.2003-03-04.Archivedfrom the original on 2016-10-18.Retrieved2021-07-01.
  6. ^"Nicanor impone el socialismo" humanista "en seno colorado".Última Hora(in Spanish). 2007-04-29.Retrieved2024-02-01.
  7. ^"El socialismo" humanista "de Nicanor".Última Hora(in Spanish). 2007-05-06.Retrieved2024-02-01.
  8. ^"Cuando los colorados fueron de izquierda - Opinión - ABC Color".abc.py(in Spanish).Retrieved2024-02-01.
  9. ^"Chávez y Paraguay: Historia de una relación conflictiva".Última Hora(in Spanish). 2013-03-05.Retrieved2024-02-01.
  10. ^"El 2006: año perdido por la ambición de poder de Nicanor".Última Hora(in Spanish). 2006-12-31.Retrieved2024-02-01.
  11. ^"Six decades of one-party rule ended in Paraguay".NBC News.2008-04-21.Retrieved2024-02-01.
  12. ^"UN PRESIDENTE QUE BUSCA CAMBIAR LA HISTORIA".CADAL.ORG(in Spanish).Retrieved2024-02-03.
  13. ^"De periodista pobre a político millonario".Última Hora(in Spanish). 2007-01-20.Retrieved2024-02-03.
  14. ^"Primera dama, Gloria Penayo de Duarte - Locales - ABC Color".abc.py(in Spanish).Retrieved2024-02-03.
  15. ^ab"Cuarta victoria consecutiva de Nicanor en las elecciones - Política - ABC Color".abc.py(in Spanish).Retrieved2024-02-03.
  16. ^"Duarte Frutos renunciará mañana".ABC Color(in Spanish). 22 June 2008.
  17. ^"Nicanor entrega hoy su renuncia al cargo".ABC Color(in Spanish). 23 June 2008.
  18. ^"Sin quórum, harán jurar a Nicanor".ABC Color(in Spanish). 26 August 2008.
  19. ^Paraguay's president resigns – People's Daily Online
  20. ^Paraguayan Congress lacks quorum to vote on president's resignation: America World
  21. ^Paraguayan Congress Rejects Duarte "s Resignation – Prensa Latina[permanent dead link]
  22. ^"Nicanor juró como Senador".ABC Color(in Spanish). 26 August 2008.
  23. ^(in Spanish)Cespedes es titular, Nicanor vitaliciofromDiario ABC Color.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toNicanor Duarte.
Political offices
Preceded by
Jorge Cespedes
 Senator of Paraguay
August 26, 2008 – August 28, 2008 		Succeeded by
Jorge Cespedes
Preceded by President of Paraguay
2003–2008 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicanor_Duarte&oldid=1225195301"