Nonane
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
Nonane[1] | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| 1696917 | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.558 |
| EC Number |
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| 240576 | |
| MeSH | nonane |
PubChemCID
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
| UN number | 1920 |
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C9H20 | |
| Molar mass | 128.259g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Gasoline-like |
| Density | 0.718 g/mL |
| Melting point | −54.1 to −53.1 °C; −65.5 to −63.7 °F; 219.0 to 220.0 K |
| Boiling point | 150.4 to 151.0 °C; 302.6 to 303.7 °F; 423.5 to 424.1 K |
| logP | 5.293 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.59 kPa (at 25.0 °C) |
| 1.7 nmol Pa−1kg−1 | |
| -108.13·10−6cm3/mol | |
Refractive index(nD)
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1.405 |
| Thermochemistry | |
| 284.34 J K−1mol−1 | |
Std molar
entropy(S⦵298) |
393.67 J K−1mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of
formation(ΔfH⦵298) |
−275.7–−273.7 kJ mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of
combustion(ΔcH⦵298) |
−6125.75–−6124.67 kJ mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| GHSlabelling: | |
  
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| Danger | |
| H226,H304,H315,H319,H332,H336 | |
| P261,P301+P310,P305+P351+P338,P331 | |
| NFPA 704(fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | 31.0 °C (87.8 °F; 304.1 K) |
| 205.0 °C (401.0 °F; 478.1 K) | |
| Explosive limits | 0.87–2.9% |
| NIOSH(US health exposure limits): | |
PEL(Permissible)
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none[2] |
REL(Recommended)
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TWA 200 ppm (1050 mg/m3)[2] |
IDLH(Immediate danger)
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N.D.[2] |
| Related compounds | |
Related alkanes
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state(at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Nonaneis a linearalkanehydrocarbonwith thechemical formulaC9H20.It is a colorless, flammable liquid, occurring primarily in the component of thepetroleum distillate fractioncommonly calledkerosene,which is used as a heating,tractor,andjet fuel.[4]Nonane is also used as asolvent,distillation chaser,fuel additive,and a component inbiodegradabledetergents.[5]
Nonane has 35structural isomers.
Itssubstituentform isnonyl.Itscycloalkanecounterpart iscyclononane,(C9H18).
Unlike most alkanes, the numeric prefix in its name is fromLatin,notGreek.(A name using a Greek prefix would beenneane.)
Combustion reactions
[edit]Nonane undergoescombustionreactions that are similar to otheralkanes.In the presence of sufficient oxygen, nonane burns to formwaterandcarbon dioxide.
When insufficient oxygen is available for complete combustion, the burning products includecarbon monoxide.
- 2C9H20+ 19O2→ 18CO+ 20H2O
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^"nonane - Compound Summary".PubChem Compound.USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records.Retrieved6 January2012.
- ^abcNIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards."#0466".National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH).
- ^"NFPA Hazard Rating Information for Common Chemicals".Archived fromthe originalon 2015-02-17.Retrieved2015-03-13.
- ^"Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name".chemistryexplained.Retrieved2016-01-28.
- ^Health Council of the Netherlands: Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits. Nonane; Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits. The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands, 2005; 2000/15OSH/155.http:// gezondheidsraad.nl/sites/default/files/0015osh155.pdfArchived2018-02-28 at theWayback Machine
External links
[edit]- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards."#0466".National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH).
- MSDS at Oxford University
- List of isomers of nonane