Norse group
TheNorse groupis a large group ofretrogradeirregular satellitesofSaturn.Theirsemi-major axesrange between 12 and 27 Gm, theirinclinationsbetween 136° and 178° and theireccentricitiesbetween 0.06 and 0.63. Unlike theInuitandGallic groups,the orbital parameters are widely dispersed and the group is likely to be composed from a number of subgroups with more homogeneous orbital and physical parameters. TheInternational Astronomical Union(IAU) reserves names taken fromNorse mythology(mostly giants) for these moons. The exception is Phoebe (Greek mythology), the largest, which was discovered long before the others.
The discovery of 17 new moons in this group was announced in October 2019. A team led byScott S. Sheppardusing theSubaru Telescopeat Mauna Kea discovered 20 new moons, each about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) in diameter. 17 of these are thought to fit into the Norse group. One of these is the most distant moon of Saturn. A public naming contest for these moons was announced, restricted to names from Norse mythology.[1]Ten of these moons received official names in August 2022.[2]
The members of the group are (in order of increasing distance from Saturn according to JPL mean orbital elements):[3]
| Name | Diameter (km) | Period (days) | Subgroup |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phoebe | 213 | –550.30 | Phoebe |
| S/2006 S 20 |
5 | –567.27 | Phoebe?[4][5][a] |
| S/2006 S 9 |
3 | –647.89 | Phoebe?[6][a] |
| Skathi | 9 | –728.10 | |
| S/2007 S 5 | 4 | –746.88 | |
| S/2007 S 7 | 4 | –754.29 | |
| S/2007 S 2 | 5 | –754.90 | |
| S/2004 S 37 | 4 | –754.48 | |
| S/2004 S 47 | 4 | –762.49 | |
| S/2004 S 40 | 4 | –764.60 | |
| S/2019 S 2 | 3 | –799.82 | |
| S/2019 S 3 | 4 | –837.74 | |
| S/2020 S 7 | 3 | –861.70 | |
| Skoll | 6 | –878.44 | |
| S/2020 S 2 | 3 | –897.60 | |
| S/2019 S 4 | 3 | –904.26 | |
| S/2004 S 41 | 4 | –914.61 | |
| S/2004 S 42 | 4 | –925.91 | |
| Hyrrokkin | 9 | –931.89 | |
| Greip | 6 | –936.98 | |
| S/2004 S 13 | 4 | –942.57 | |
| S/2007 S 6 | 3 | –949.50 | |
| Mundilfari | 8 | –952.95 | |
| S/2006 S 1 | 5 | –964.14 | |
| S/2004 S 43 | 4 | –980.08 | |
| S/2006 S 10 | 3 | –983.14 | |
| S/2019 S 5 | 3 | –990.38 | |
| Gridr | 5 | –1004.75 | |
| Bergelmir | 6 | –1005.58 | |
| Jarnsaxa | 5 | –1006.92 | |
| Narvi | 8 | –1003.84 | |
| Suttungr | 8 | –1016.71 | |
| S/2007 S 3 | 5 | –1026.35 | |
| S/2004 S 44 | 5 | –1026.16 | |
| S/2004 S 45 | 4 | –1038.70 | |
| Hati | 6 | –1040.29 | |
| S/2004 S 17 | 4 | –1040.86 | |
| S/2006 S 11 | 3 | –1042.28 | |
| S/2004 S 12 | 4 | –1048.57 | |
| Eggther | 6 | –1052.33 | |
| S/2006 S 13 | 4 | –1060.63 | |
| S/2007 S 9 | 4 | –1078.07 | |
| S/2019 S 7 | 4 | –1080.29 | |
| S/2019 S 8 | 4 | –1088.68 | |
| Farbauti | 5 | –1087.29 | |
| Thrymr | 9 | –1091.84 | |
| Bestla | 8 | –1087.46 | |
| S/2019 S 9 | 4 | –1093.11 | |
| S/2004 S 46 | 3 | –1107.58 | |
| Angrboda | 4 | –1114.05 | |
| S/2019 S 11 | 4 | –1115.00 | |
| Aegir | 5 | –1119.33 | |
| Beli | 4 | –1121.76 | |
| S/2019 S 10 | 3 | –1123.04 | |
| S/2019 S 12 | 4 | –1138.85 | |
| Gerd | 4 | –1142.97 | |
| S/2019 S 13 | 3 | –1144.92 | |
| S/2006 S 14 | 3 | –1152.68 | |
| Gunnlod | 5 | –1157.98 | |
| S/2019 S 15 | 3 | –1161.54 | |
| S/2020 S 6 | 3 | –1168.86 | |
| S/2004 S 7 | 5 | –1173.93 | |
| S/2006 S 3 | 5 | –1174.76 | |
| S/2005 S 5 | 3 | –1177.82 | |
| Skrymir | 5 | –1185.15 | |
| S/2006 S 16 | 3 | –1207.52 | |
| S/2006 S 15 | 4 | –1213.96 | |
| S/2004 S 28 | 5 | –1220.68 | |
| S/2020 S 8 | 3 | –1228.12 | |
| Alvaldi | 5 | –1232.19 | |
| Kari | 8 | –1231.01 | |
| S/2004 S 48 | 4 | –1242.40 | |
| Geirrod | 4 | –1251.14 | |
| Fenrir | 4 | –1260.25 | |
| S/2004 S 50 | 3 | –1260.44 | |
| S/2006 S 17 | 4 | –1264.58 | |
| S/2004 S 49 | 4 | –1264.25 | |
| S/2019 S 17 | 4 | –1291.39 | |
| Surtur | 5 | –1296.49 | |
| S/2006 S 18 | 4 | –1298.40 | |
| Loge | 6 | –1311.83 | |
| Ymir | 22 | –1315.16 | |
| S/2019 S 19 | 3 | –1318.05 | |
| S/2004 S 21 | 4 | –1325.43 | |
| S/2019 S 18 | 3 | –1327.06 | |
| S/2004 S 39 | 4 | –1336.17 | |
| S/2019 S 16 | 3 | –1341.17 | |
| S/2004 S 53 | 4 | –1342.44 | |
| S/2004 S 36 | 4 | –1352.93 | |
| Thiazzi | 4 | –1366.68 | |
| S/2019 S 20 | 3 | –1375.45 | |
| S/2006 S 19 | 4 | –1389.33 | |
| S/2004 S 34 | 4 | –1420.77 | |
| Fornjot | 6 | –1494.03 | |
| S/2004 S 51 | 4 | –1519.43 | |
| S/2020 S 10 | 3 | –1527.22 | |
| S/2020 S 9 | 4 | –1534.97 | |
| S/2004 S 26 | 5 | –1603.95 | |
| S/2019 S 21 | 4 | –1636.32 | |
| S/2004 S 52 | 3 | –1633.98 |
Notes
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^NASA (October 7, 2019)."Saturn surpasses Jupiter after the discovery of 20 new moons—and you can help name them".phys.org.
- ^"Names Approved for 10 Small Satellites of Saturn".usgs.gov.USGS. 24 August 2022.Retrieved30 August2022.
- ^"Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters".Jet Propulsion Laboratory.Retrieved7 June2023.
- ^Sheppard, Scott S.; Gladman, Brett J.; Alexandersen, Mike A.; Trujillo, Chadwick A. (May 2023)."New Jupiter and Saturn Satellites Reveal New Moon Dynamical Families".Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society.7(5): 100.Bibcode:2023RNAAS...7..100S.doi:10.3847/2515-5172/acd766.100.
- ^"S/2006 S 20".Tilmann Denk.Retrieved18 January2024.
- ^"S/2006 S 9".Tilmann Denk.Retrieved6 January2024.
External links
[edit]- S. Sheppard's classificationof Saturn's irregular moons
