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Norsk Air

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Norsk Air
IATA ICAO Callsign
— — Norseman
Founded1961
Ceased operations1996
Operating basesSandefjord Airport, Torp(1961–1996)
Skien Airport, Geiteryggen(1987–1991)
Fleet size4 (1996)
Destinations5 (1996)
Parent companyKosmos(1985–1990)
Widerøe(1990–1996)
HeadquartersSandefjord,Norway

Norsk Airwas aNorwegianairline based atSandefjord Airport, Torp.At its height from the mid-1980s and onwards it operated scheduled flights toStavanger,Bergen,TrondheimandCopenhagen,and for shorter periods also other Norwegian and international destinations. The airline had 156 employees and 150,000 annual passengers in 1989. The company was established as a sole proprietorship by Øyvind Skaunfelt asVestfoldflyin 1961, after purchasing Thor Solberg's aviation school atTønsberg Airport, Jarlsberg.In addition to an aviation college, the company operated various charter services using mostlyCessnaaircraft. The company split into a flying school and an airline in 1972, with the latter taking the nameNorsk Flytjeneste.Three 50-passengerDouglas DC-6were subsequently bought and were among other places flown withaidcharters to Bangladesh. Both the DC-6 and later charter flights with business jets proved unprofitable and were quickly terminated.

The company turned to regular charter services to Bergen and Stavanger in the 1980s, and from 1984 served the routes with scheduled flights, using seven-passengerBeechcraft 200 King Air.In 1985 the company was converted to a limited company and bought byKosmos.It subsequently acquired four 30-passengerEmbraer EMB 120 Brasilias—as the second European airline. It introduced several new routes, including international flights to Denmark and the United Kingdom, and took the name Norsk Air. The company boughtNorving'sSkien Airport, Geiteryggendivision in 1987 and started operations from a second base. Kosmos failed in 1988 and Norsk Air was eventually given for free toWiderøein 1990.Skienoperations were discontinued the following year and the airline changed name toWiderøe Norsk Air.It remained a subsidiary until being amalgamated in 1996.

History[edit]

Vestfoldfly[edit]

The airline was established as Vestfoldfly by Øyvind Skaunfelt in 1961. He had been working at Thor Solberg's aviation school atTønsberg Airport, Jarlsberg,and offered to purchase the school and airplanes when Solberg retired. Two years earlier, Sandefjord Airport, Torp had opened a civilian sector and Skaunfelt decided to establish his company there. In May 1961, he received government permission for commercial flying. He started a newspaper route toOslo Airport, Fornebu,and could also carry three passengers in his single-enginedCessna.The route continued onwards from Sandefjord toTønsberg,Larvikand atSkien Airport, Geiteryggen.Vestfoldfly also started offering scenic trips and charter. During the summer, the airline also flew seaplanes south along the coast toKragerø,RisørandArendal.Other activities involvedcrop dustingof forest forFelleskjøpet.The airline also provided a target service for the military. Four aircraft were permanently used totow a targetabout 1,000 to 2,000 meters (3,300 to 6,600 ft) behind the aircraft, and military personnel would practice shooting at the target.[1]

During the 1960s, Vestfoldfly never received aconcessionfor a regular, scheduled flight from Sandefjord to Oslo. The reason was that the Skien-basedFjellflyheld the concession for the routes from Oslo to Sandefjord, Tønsberg and Skien. Fjellfly never used its landing rights at Sandefjord, but nevertheless still hindered Vestfoldfly from starting a competing route. Skaunfelt eventually split his activity in two, demerging the aviation school and renaming it Den Norske Luftfartsskole, which remained in operation until 1999. The other activity was renamed Norsk Flytjeneste. In 1969, Norsk Flytjeneste andJotun,a large Sandefjord-based industrial company, established Penguin Air Service, where Norsk Flytjeneste owned 25 percent of the shares. Penguin Air Service company bought a six-seatPiper PA-31 Navajoand started charter services for Jotun. In 1975,Bugge Supplyshipalso joined the joint venture and a second aircraft was bought. Most of the traffic was for the oil industry toStavanger.[2]

Norsk Flytjeneste[edit]

Beechcraft Super King Airin 1985

In 1972, Norsk Flytjeneste purchased two 50-passengerDouglas DC-6Bs fromBraathens SAFEand leased one fromSterling Airways.They were used for domestic and international charter. The largest contract was from theNorwegian Church Aid,who contracted Norsk Flytjeneste to flyaidto Bangladesh. However, the airline failed to make money on the DC-6s, mostly because of the high operating costs, and sold them after a year. The company followed up with purchasing a ten-seatCessna Citationbusiness jet that they offered in the charter market. However, the market was not large enough, and the jet was sold.[3]

The main market for the charter services wasStavanger Airport, Sola,mainly serving transport of personnel in the oil industry. By the 1980s, Norsk Air had up to four daily round trips between the two cities. In 1983, the airline received concession to start a regular scheduled service to Stavanger. A ten-seat Beechcraft Super King Air was bought and services started on 12 January 1984. Services toBergen Airport, Fleslandstarted on 10 July. Soon there were four daily round trips to both cities, supplemented by charter trips operated by Penguin. Starting on 26 March 1984, Norsk Flytjeneste experienced competition on the routes from Sandefjord to Bergen and Stavanger, whenBusy Bee,on contract with Braathens SAFE, started flights using 50-passengerFokker F27s.However, they operated only one round trip, with the same aircraft serving Sandefjord–Stavanger–Haugesund–Bergen.[4]

In 1984, Norsk Flytjenesete started negotiations with the Sandefjord-based conglomerateKosmos,who were seeking to invest in a local airline. Kosmos had decided to start adiversification strategyto spread their risk. Norsk Flytjeneste was at the time not making money on its routes, but Kosmos was willing to carry the loss as an investment. The airline was sold to Kosmos on 15 April 1985. At the time of the take-over, Norsk Flytjeneste had fourCessna 310sand one Piper Navajo. The airline's seven-passenger Beechcraft 200 andC90King Airs were already owned by Kosmos. The company was changed from asole propriatorishipto alimited company.Kjell Riege from Kosmos was appointed managing director while Tor Lundstrøm continued as chief pilot.[5]

Norsk Air[edit]

Embraer EMB 120 BrasiliaatAberdeen Airportin 1989

On 30 July 1985, Norsk Flytjeneste opened their first international route, toCopenhagen Airportin Denmark. The concessions had a limitation on not using aircraft with more than ten seats. However the limitation was lifted later in the year.[6]Under Kosmos' management, Norsk Flytjeneste started an aggressive expansion. Applications were made for concessions from Sandefjord toGothenburgin Sweden, and from Oslo viaHamarandRørostoTrondheim.Norsk Flytjeneste also needed larger aircraft, and the airline evaluated several types, including the Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia, the 30-passengerSaab 340and the Fokker F27. The company chose to order four 30-passenger Brasilias. During the negotiations with Embraer, the company realized that Norsk Flytjeneste was a difficult name for foreigners, since the Brazilians could not pronounce "Flytjeneste". When the new aircraft were delivered, the airline rebranded as Norsk Air.[7]

The company also joined the joint ventureCommuter Servicealong with other Norwegian regional airlines,Coast Aero Center,MøreflyandTrønderfly.The intention was to create a cooperative company which could compete in a more diversified market. The group's lawyer stated that the organizational structure among regional airlines was 15 years out of date and that the group would take market shares in a growing market, especially by starting new niche direct services.[8]

Norsk Air was the second airline in Europe to order the Brasilia, afterAir Excel.Three were financed with loans fromBanco de Brasiland the last wasleased.With the introduction of the Brasilias in 1986, the airline started a route from Sandefjord toTrondheim Airport, Værnes.From 1985 to 1986, the airline's costs doubled, but not their income. In 1987, Terje Røsjode, former bank chief forChristiania Bankin Sandefjord, took over as managing director. The Brasilias had state-of-art technology, and although airlines purchase new aircraft to reduce their maintenance costs, this was not the reality for Norsk Air because they did not have sufficient competence to maintain the aircraft. In particular, they lacked sufficient electronic expertise, due to the increase of electronic components in the aircraft.[9]All the other aircraft were sold.[10]

In 1986, the company established aduty-free shopat Torp.[11]By 1987, Norsk Air was losing NOK 20 million per year. The company established a route from Sandefjord toGöteborg Landvetter Airportand toLondon Stansted Airport,but neither were profitable, and were quickly terminated.[12]Norsk Air started a route fromFagernes Airport, Leirinto Oslo and Bergen on 4 November 1987.[13]The route turned out to be unprofitable, and was terminated on 1 June 1988, after the company had lost NOK 5 million on the route.[14]

To develop the company, Kosmos and Norsk Air bought theKirkenes-based airlineNorving,which also operated flights from Skien Airport, Geiteryggen—about one hour's drive from Sandefjord—to Bergen, Trondheim and Stavanger. Norving had seven types of aircraft, but was losing large amounts of money, although theNorwegian Ministry of Transport and Communicationscovered their losses on some state-subsidized regional routes. The purchase of Norving caused an internal organization conflict between the two organizations. The operations from Skien were merged into Norsk Air, while the rest of Norving was sold. The latter went bankrupt in 1993. Norsk Air also showed interest in purchasing Widerøe, but none of the large owners were interested in selling.[15]

Widerøe Norsk Air[edit]

Kosmos was bought by theSkaugen Groupin 1988, and on 21 October, Kosmos' Chief Executive Officer (CEO)Bjørn Bettumand ChairmanOtto Grieg Tidemandwere fired. The Skaugen Group decided to integrate Kosmos' shipping and oil-related activities into their group. All other investments, including Norsk Air, were to be sold or closed.[16]At the time, Norsk Air had 140 employees.[17]Norsk Air's CEO, Mr. Røsjodet, made contact withBård Mikkelsen,who was CEO of Widerøe, to try to convince them to purchase Norsk Air. Widerøe was at that time solely occupied with flying on the subsidized regional routes. The company was interested in having some non-subsidized routes to betterbenchmarkits operations. The two largest owners,Scandinavian Airlines System(SAS) and Braathens SAFE, did not want to purchase Norsk Air, but the third-largest owner,Fred. Olsen & Co.liked the idea, and bought SAS' and Braathens SAFE's 62.3 percent stake in Widerøe to make the deal possible. Other possible purchasers who had negotiated with Norsk Air wereSterling Airlines,Partnairand Jan Einar Johansen, former owner ofScandi Line.[18]

By 1989, the airline had 156 employees and 150,000 annual passengers. On 9 February 1989, Norsk Air's board decided to start the termination process if a sale was not made. The employees agreed to cut their wages 10 percent and not take sick days during the sales process. One of the main difficulties in the sales process was that Widerøe could not afford to purchase Norsk Air'shangarat the airport. Widerøe intended to continue operations at both Torp and Geiteryggen for a year to see where to establish its base. In fear that the airline would move to Skien, the municipalities of Sandefjord andStokke,who owned the majority of the airport, agreed to purchase the hangar, which had been built for NOK 20 million in 1987, for NOK 11.5 million. Half the hangar would be rented to Widerøe for NOK 500,000 per year. This was insufficient to cover the NOK 1.2 million in annual interest costs.[19]

Widerøe took over Norsk Air free of charge on 1 May 1989, and changed the company's name to Widerøe Norsk Air. The company was kept as a subsidiary to avoidcross-subsidizationof the subsidized routes. Widerøe started negotiations with Busy Bee, and agreed to lease theFokker 50used by Busy Bee to Sandefjord, in exchange for Busy Bee terminating the route in 1990. Widerøe Norsk Air also decided that it was not profitable to fly from both Skien and Sandefjord, and terminated all Skien services. Starting on 28 October 1991, the airline also started a route from Sandefjord viaKristiansand Airport, Kjevikto London. This route was terminated one year later.[20]In 1993, Widerøe sold its Fokker 50 toNorwegian Air Shuttle.[21]On 1 May 1996, Widerøe Norsk Air was merged with Widerøe and ceased to exist.[22]After the merger, Widerøe phased out the Brasilias and replaced them withde Havilland Canada Dash 8aircraft.[23]

Destinations[edit]

The following is a list of destinations served by Norsk Air in regular scheduled services. It includes the city, country, airport and the period in which the airline served the airport.Hubsare denoted with a dagger (†).

City Country Airport Begin End Ref
Bergen Norway Bergen Airport, Flesland 1983 1996 [4]
Copenhagen Denmark Copenhagen Airport 1985 1996 [6]
Gothenburg Sweden Göteborg Landvetter Airport 1987 1987 [12]
Fagernes Norway Fagernes Airport, Leirin 1987 1988 [14]
Kristiansand Norway Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik 1991 1992 [12]
London United Kingdom London Stansted Airport 1987 1992 [12]
Sandefjord Norway Sandefjord Airport, Torp† 1983 1996 [4]
Skien Norway Skien Airport, Geiteryggen† 1987 1991 [19]
Stavanger Norway Stavanger Airport, Sola 1983 1996 [4]
Trondheim Norway Trondheim Airport, Værnes 1986 1996 [9]

References[edit]

Bibliography
  • Tjomsland, Audun (2005).Høyt spill om Torp(in Norwegian). Sandefjord: Tjomsland Media.ISBN82-997212-0-2.
Notes
  1. ^Tjomsland, 2005: 87–93
  2. ^Tjomsland, 2005: 88–92
  3. ^Tjomsland, 2005: 95–96
  4. ^abcdTjomsland, 2005: 102–105
  5. ^Tjomsland, 2005: 105–107
  6. ^abTjomsland, 2005: 102–103
  7. ^Tjomsland, 2005: 110–112
  8. ^"Fire flyselskaper går sammen".Aftenposten(in Norwegian). 27 August 1985. p. 60.
  9. ^abTjomsland, 2005: 112–114
  10. ^Tjomsland, 2005: 150
  11. ^Tjomsland, 2005: 251
  12. ^abcdTjomsland, 2005: 128–130
  13. ^"NorskAIR skal fly på Valdres".Aftenposten(in Norwegian). 21 October 1987. p. 38.
  14. ^ab"Norsk Air legger ned ruter" (in Norwegian).Norwegian News Agency.4 May 1988.
  15. ^Tjomsland, 2005: 143–144
  16. ^Tjomsland, 2005: 128–132
  17. ^Tjomsland, 2005: 145
  18. ^Tjomsland, 2005: 149–150
  19. ^abTjomsland, 2005: 150–159
  20. ^Tjomsland, 2005: 177–181
  21. ^Airfleets."Fokker 50 in Wideroe history"(in Norwegian).Retrieved24 September2009.
  22. ^Tjomsland, 2005: 186
  23. ^"Større Widerøe".Aftenposten(in Norwegian). 14 December 1996. p. 14.

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