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Nuyorican

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For the production company, seeNuyorican Productions.
Nuyoricans
Total population
Nuyoricans
1,112,123 Americans (2017)[1]
23.15% of nationwidePuerto Ricanpopulation in 2010
5.5% ofNew Yorkstate population in 2010[2]
Regions with significant populations
New York City,New York
Languages
American English(Puerto RicanandNew York Latino English),Puerto Rican Spanish,Spanglish
Religion
PredominantlyRoman CatholicandProtestant
Part of a series on
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Latino Americans
National origin groups
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TheNuyorican Poets CaféinAlphabet City, Manhattan

Nuyoricanis aportmanteau wordblending "New York" (or "Nueva York" in Spanish) and "Puerto Rican", referring toPuerto Ricans located in or around New York City,their culture, or their descendants (especially those raised or currently living in theNew York metropolitan area). This term is sometimes used forPuerto Ricansliving in other areas in theNortheastern US MainlandoutsideNew York Stateas well. The term is also used by Islander Puerto Ricans (Puerto Ricans from Puerto Rico) to differentiate those of Puerto Rican descent from the Puerto Rico–born.

The termNuyoricanis also sometimes used to refer to theSpanishspoken by New York Puerto Ricans. An estimated 1,800,000 Nuyoricans are said to live in New York City, the largest Puerto Rican community outside Puerto Rico. Nuyoricans are not considered Puerto Ricans by some island Puerto Ricans due to cultural differences, which remains a point of controversy among both groups of Puerto Ricans.[3]Nuyorican has a broad meaning; originally it meant Puerto Ricans, both island-born and mainland-born, living in New York, but many island-born Puerto Ricans use the term to describe assimilated Americans of Puerto Rican descent living in any US state, or very assimilated people of Puerto Rican ancestry who may be more culturally aligned with African Americans, though still identifying as Puerto Rican.[4]Ethnic enclavescentered on Puerto Ricans includeSpanish Harlem,Manhattan;Williamsburg,Brooklyn;Bushwick,Brooklyn; and theSouth Bronx.

Although Florida has received some dispersal of the population, there has been a resurgence in Puerto Rican migration to New York andNew Jerseyprimarily due to economic and cultural considerations,[5][6]topped by another surge of arrivals afterHurricane Mariadevastated Puerto Rico in September 2017. Consequently, the New York City metropolitan area has witnessed a significant increase in its Nuyorican population, individuals in the region of Puerto Rican descent, increasing from 1,177,430 in 2010 to a Census-estimated 1,494,670 in 2016,[7]maintaining New York's status by a significant margin as the most important cultural and demographic center for Puerto Ricans outsideSan Juan.

Etymology

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TheOxford English Dictionarycites this word as evolving slowly through roughly the last third of the 20th century, with the first cited reference being poet Jaime Carrero usingneorriqueñoin 1964 as aSpanish-languageadjective combiningneoyorquinoandpuertorriqueño.Many other variants developed along the way, includingneoricano,neorican(also written asNeo-RicanandNeorican), andnewyorican(also written asNew Yorrican).Nuyoricanitself dates at least from 1975, the date of the first public sessions of theNuyorican Poets Café.Some of the best known "Nuyoricans" who have written and performed their experiences of being a Puerto Rican in New York are:Miguel Piñero,Miguel Algarín,Piri Thomas,Sandra María Esteves,Willie Colón,Pedro Pietri,andGiannina Braschi.[8]Some of the newer poets includeWillie Perdomo,Flaco Navaja,Nancy Mercado,Emanuel Xavier,Edwin Torres,J.L. Torres,Caridad de la Luzaka La Bruja,Lemon Andersen,and Bonafide Rojas.[[[9]]]

Historically, the term has been used as a derogatory term by native Puerto Ricans when describing a person that has Puerto Rican ancestry but is born outside of Puerto Rico.[10]It also can sometimes include those born in Puerto Rico who now live elsewhere in the United States (other than New York). This changed from the original meaning with the increase in travel back and forth to different parts of the United States and the globe. The definition includes those born in New York who have moved to Puerto Rico as well.[11]

The term is used by some members of this community to identify their history and cultural affiliation to a common ancestry while being separated from the island, both physically and through language and cultural shifts. This distance created a dual identity that, while still somewhat identifying with the island, recognizes the influences both geography and cultural assimilation have had.[12]Puerto Ricans in other cities have coined similar terms, including "Philly Rican" for Puerto Ricans inPhiladelphia,and "Chi-Town Rican" for Puerto Ricans inChicago.

History

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Many Nuyoricans are second- and third-generation Puerto Rican Americans whose parents or grandparents arrived in theNew York metropolitan areaduring theGran Migración(Great Migration). Puerto Ricans began to arrive in New York City in the nineteenth century but especially following the passage of theJones-Shafroth Acton March 2, 1917, which granted U.S. citizenship to virtually all Puerto Ricans.[13]TheGran Migraciónaccelerated migration from Puerto Rico to New York during the 1940s and 1950s, but such large-scale emigration began to slow by the late 1960s.[14]

In 2000, the Puerto Rican population of New York was over 1,050,000.[15]As of the 2010 census, Puerto Ricans represented 8.9 percent of New York City alone (32% of the city's Hispanic community), and 5.5% of New York State as a whole.[16]Of over a million Puerto Ricans in the state, about 70% are present in New York City, with the remaining portion spreading increasingly within the city's suburbs and other major cities throughout New York State. Although Florida has received some dispersal of the population, there has been a resurgence in Puerto Rican migration to New York andNew Jersey,primarily for economic and cultural considerations,[5][17]topped by another surge of arrivals afterHurricane Mariadevastated Puerto Rico in September 2017 – consequently, theNew York City Metropolitan Areahas witnessed a significant increase in its Nuyorican population, individuals in the region of Puerto Rican descent, increasing from 1,177,430 in 2010 to a Census-estimated 1,494,670 in 2016.[7]

Historically, Nuyoricans resided in the predominantlyHispanic/Latinosection ofUpper Manhattanknown asSpanish Harlem,and around theLoisaidasection of theEast Village,but later spread across the city into newly created Puerto Rican/Nuyorican enclaves inBrooklyn,Queens,and theSouth Bronx.Today, there are fewer island-born Puerto Ricans than mainland-born Puerto Ricans in New York City.

Prominent figures of the Nuyorican movement include poets and novelistsPiri ThomasandGiannina Braschi,whileMiguel Algarín,Miguel Piñero,andPedro Pietrico-founded theNuyorican Poets Café,a performance space for Nuyorican poets and musicians.[18]

Notable Nuyoricans

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See also:List of Puerto Ricans

Nuyoricans have made breakthrough contributions in government, science, law, culture, and the humanities, including those who have broken records, significantly impacted U.S.pop culture,won landmark cases that changed laws, or have been recognized by national awards.

See also

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References

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  1. ^https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_1YR_DP05&prodType=table=AmericanArchived2020-01-22 atarchive.today,United States Census Bureau.Retrieved February 20, 2019.
  2. ^"2010 Census".census.gov.2010. Archived fromthe originalon June 11, 2010.
  3. ^The Nuyorican's Dilemma: Categorization of Returning Migrants in Puerto Rico
  4. ^Meraji, Shereen Marisol (January 22, 2014)."English Only? For Mainland Puerto Ricans, The Answer Is Often 'Yes'".NPR.Archivedfrom the original on April 27, 2015.RetrievedApril 3,2018.
  5. ^abCindy Y. Rodriguez (March 22, 2014)."Why more Puerto Ricans are living in mainland U.S. than in Puerto Rico".CNN.RetrievedMarch 22,2014.
  6. ^Dolores Prida (June 8, 2011)."The Puerto Ricans are coming!".New York Daily News.RetrievedMarch 22,2014.
  7. ^ab"Selected Population Profile in the United States, 2016 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates".United States Census Bureau.Archived fromthe originalon February 14, 2020.RetrievedSeptember 22,2017.
  8. ^"Revista, Harvard Review of Latin America".2000.Archivedfrom the original on 2015-07-03.Retrieved2015-07-02."Giannina Braschi, a celebrated member of the Nuyorican Poets group"
  9. ^"Bonafide Rojas".
  10. ^"The Unlinking of Language & Puerto Rican Identity".The Library of Congress.22 June 2017.Retrieved4 June2020.
  11. ^"Héctor Olivencia rememora el pasado de gloria del BSN".El Nuevo Día(in Spanish). 2017-02-18.Retrieved2020-08-01.
  12. ^"Reconnecting The Circuit Of Puerto Rican Identity Through Music".NPR.org.2 November 2014.Archivedfrom the original on 8 January 2019.Retrieved4 June2020.
  13. ^Jones-Shafroth ActArchived2011-11-25 at theWayback Machine,U.S. Library of Congress, accessed May 25, 2010.
  14. ^TheGran MigraciónArchived2017-01-20 at theWayback Machine,Maura Isabel Toro-Morn, Marixsa Alicea, Migration and Immigration: A Global View.
  15. ^Atlas of Stateside Puerto Ricans: Abridged Edition without Maps.Archived2019-04-12 at theWayback MachineAngelo Falcon. Puerto Rico Federal Affairs Administration. ca. 2002. Page 3. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  16. ^"Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010 Census Summary File 1".U.S. Census Bureau.2011.
  17. ^Dolores Prida (June 8, 2011)."The Puerto Ricans are coming!".New York Daily News.RetrievedMarch 22,2014.
  18. ^'Photographing Puerto Rican New York, With A 'Sympathetic EyeArchived2015-02-27 at theWayback Machine', NPR News, October 26, 2013.
  19. ^"Marc Anthony Scores Guinness World Record".Billboard.Retrieved2020-11-02.The Latin superstar was awarded the title of the solo artist with most year-end best-selling albums on the Tropical Albums chart.
  20. ^"Marc Anthony Just Beat a Guinness World Record".NBC News.9 February 2016.Retrieved2020-11-02.
  21. ^Pogrebin, Robin; Reyburn, Scott (May 19, 2017)."A Basquiat Sells for 'Mind-Blowing' $110.5 Million at Auction (Published 2017)".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Retrieved2021-01-12.
  22. ^Dwyer, Colin (May 19, 2017)."At $110.5 Million, Basquiat Painting Becomes Priciest Work Ever Sold By A U.S. Artist".NPR.Retrieved2021-01-12.
  23. ^"About Giannina Braschi: Academy of American Poets".poets.org.Academy of American Poets.Retrieved2020-11-02.Her literary works include the Postmodern poetry classic Empire of Dreams and Yo-Yo Boing! credited with being the first novel to be written in Spanglish.
  24. ^"Giannina Braschi".World Literature Today.Retrieved2020-11-02.
  25. ^"AIDS activists fought for public recognition. This exhibit shows their lives at home".PBS NewsHour.2017-07-09.Retrieved2020-11-02.
  26. ^Courts, Author Historical Society of the New York (2019-09-12)."The Braschi Breakthrough: 30 Years Later, Looking Back on the Relationship Recognition Landmark".Historical Society of the New York Courts.Retrieved2020-11-02.{{cite web}}:|first=has generic name (help)
  27. ^"Appellate Division - First Judicial Department".nycourts.gov.Retrieved2020-11-02.
  28. ^"The cosmos",Fusion,CRC Press, pp. 40–53, 1999-12-01,doi:10.1201/9781482268669-13,ISBN978-0-429-17612-8,retrieved2020-11-02
  29. ^"Luis Ferré-Sadurní - the New York Times".nytimes.RetrievedMarch 9,2021.
  30. ^"Jennifer Lopez".Forbes.Retrieved2020-11-02.The Latina performer may be the most powerful entertainer on the planet. She raked in an estimated $52 million last year with projects in almost every corner of the industry (fragrance, clothing lines, film and television).
  31. ^"New York pols' coming out stories".CSNY.June 12, 2018.
  32. ^"Documentary On HBO Provides A Look Into The Miranda Family".NPR.org.Retrieved2020-11-02.
  33. ^"Pearls of Resistance: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez shares her skincare routine".30 August 2020.
  34. ^Chan, Sewell (26 January 2009)."Antonio Pagán, 50, Ex-Councilman, Is Dead".The New York Times.RetrievedApril 20,2021.
  35. ^Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (2009-05-26)."Sotomayor, a Trailblazer and a Dreamer (Published 2009)".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Retrieved2020-11-02.
  36. ^"Sotomayor Shaped By Her 'Nuyorican' Roots".NPR.org.Retrieved2020-11-02.
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