Jump to content

Nyasvizh

Coordinates:53°13′N26°40′E/ 53.217°N 26.667°E/53.217; 26.667
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nyasvizh
Нясвіж(Belarusian)
Несвиж(Russian)
Town
Flag of Nyasvizh
Flag
Coat of arms of Nyasvizh
Coat of arms
Nyasvizh is located in Belarus
Nyasvizh
Nyasvizh
Location of Nyasvizh, shown withinMinsk Region
Coordinates:53°13′N26°40′E/ 53.217°N 26.667°E/53.217; 26.667
CountryBelarus
RegionMinsk Region
DistrictNyasvizh District
First mentioned1223
Town rights since1586
Population
(2024)[1]
• Total15,968
Time zoneUTC+3(MSK)
Postal code
222603, 222620
Area code+375 1770
Websitewww.nesvizh.minsk-region.by

NyasvizhorNesvizh(Belarusian:Нясвіж,romanized:Niasviž,[a]IPA:[nʲaˈsʲvʲiʐ];Russian:Несвиж;Lithuanian:Nesvyžius;Polish:Nieśwież;Yiddish:ניעסוויז;Latin:Nesvisium) is a town inMinsk Region,Belarus.[1]It serves as the administrative centre ofNyasvizh District.[1]Nyasvizh is the site ofNesvizh Castle,aWorld Heritage Site.In 2009, its population was 14,300.[2]As of 2024, it has a population of 15,968.[1]

History

[edit]
Timeline of Nyasvizh
Historical affiliations

Grand Duchy of Lithuania13th c.–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth1569–1793
Russian Empire1793–1812
Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission1812
Russian Empire1812–1917
Bolsheviks1917–1918
German Empire,1918–1919
SSR Byelorussia,1919
LitBel,1919
Poland,1919–1939
USSR(BSSR), 1939–1941
Nazi Germany(occupation), 1941–1944
Soviet UnionUSSR(BSSR), 1944–1991
Belarus,1991–present

Nesvizh was first documented in 1223. It was part of theGrand Duchy of Lithuaniauntil 1793, but the Grand Duchy was part of thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealthsince 1569. In the 15th century, while still a minor town, it belonged to theKiszka familyand later to theRadziwiłł family,and remained the family's seat until 1813.

17th-century view of the town

In 1561 or 1562 Maciej Kawęczyński founded the print works of thePolish Brethren.[3]The firstBelarusian languagebook printed inLatin script,acatechismbySymon Budny,was published in Nesvizh in 1562.[4]TheNieśwież Bible(Biblia nieświeska), one of the oldestPolish translations of the Bible,also by Budny, was completed there in 1571 and published in 1572.

Nesvizh Castlewas erected in 1583, and between 1584 and 1598 theBenedictinesandJesuitreligious orders founded monasteries and a college.[5]At the request ofMikołaj "the Orphan" RadziwiłłNieśwież was grantedMagdeburg town rightsby KingStephen Báthoryin 1586.[6]Two epidemics affected the city early in the 17th century which led to the establishment of a pharmacy in 1627.

During theGreat Northern Warof 1700–21, the city was significantly damaged by Swedish troops. It was rebuilt in the 1720s byMichał "Rybeńko" Radziwiłł.In the aftermath of the war, in the 1740s and 1750s he founded aPas sluckifactory which was later moved toSluck.He introduced a military school, several textile factories and restored theCorpus Christi Churchand opened a print works. Michał's wife,Franciszka Urszula Radziwiłłowa,founded theNieśwież Radziwiłł Theatre,including a choir and a ballet school.

19th-century view of the town

Between 1764 and 1768 the city was occupied by Russian troops, and in 1772, at theFirst Partition of Lithuania-Poland,the library, which comprised circa 10,000 volumes, along with paintings and other art objects, was seized and transferred toSt. Petersburg.Some books from the library were passed to theRussian Academy of Sciences.

After theSecond partition of Lithuania-Polandin 1793, Nieśwież was annexed byRussia,and renamedNesvizh.In 1906, thePolish Society "Oświata"( "Education" ) in Nesvizh was established, but its activities were hampered by the Russian administration, before banning it at the start of 1910.[6]In 1912 the Russian authorities also liquidated theRoman Catholic Charity Societyin Nesvizh.

After the fall of tsarist Russia, fighting broke out for control over the city and surrounding region. The city came under Soviet rule in early 1919 (Polish–Soviet War), the unsuccessfulNieśwież uprisingby Polish residents took place during March 14–19, 1919.[6]Nevertheless, Nieśwież was captured by the Poles on April 19, 1919, and was integrated into the reestablished Polish state. It became apowiatin theNowogródek Voivodeship.In the 1921 census, 45.4% people declared Jewish nationality, 44.4% declaredPolishnationality, 9.4% declared Belarusian nationality.[7]

Nesvizh Castlein interwar Poland

Following theSoviet invasion of Polandat the start ofWorld War IIin September 1939, it was part of theByelorussian Soviet Socialist Republicfrom 1939 to 1941, then was occupied from 1941 to 1944 by the Germans in accordance withOperation Barbarossa.The town was re-occupied by the Soviets duringOperation Bagrationin 1944. Nyasvizh's status as part of theByelorussian Soviet Socialist Republicwas solidified in accordance with thePotsdam Agreement.

Nesvizh Castle

The Jews of Nesvizh

[edit]

The Jewish population in 1900 stood at 4,687, and approx. 4,500 on the eve of the German invasion,Operation Barbarossa.[8]With the occupation from June 27, 1941, aJudenratwas established. On October 30, 4,000 of the town's Jews were murdered and the rest confined to a ghetto. On July 20, 1942, the ghetto was surrounded by Belarusian police and the German commander announced that the ghetto's population would be liquidated with the exception of 30 essential skilled workers. The ghetto's underground organization, based on a Soviet-era Zionist group, called an uprising armed only with one machine gun, small arms but mostly knives. Most of the Jews were killed. A few escaped to nearby forests and joined partisan units, such as the Zhukov Jewish partisan unit.[9]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
18978,400—
19216,840−18.6%
19317,357+7.6%
19596,700−8.9%
19709,008+34.4%
YearPop.±%
197911,979+33.0%
198914,039+17.2%
200613,883−1.1%
201815,808+13.9%
202315,907+0.6%
Source:[7][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]

Main sights

[edit]

International relations

[edit]
See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Belarus

Nyasvizh is twinned with:[18]

Notable residents

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Official transliteration.

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcd"Численность населения на 1 января 2024 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2023 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа".belsat.gov.by.Archived fromthe originalon 2 April 2024.Retrieved9 April2024.
  2. ^"Region information on the official website of the Nesvizh Regional Executive Committee (in Russian)".Retrieved2009-10-02.
  3. ^Józef Łukaszewicz,Dzieje kościołów wyznania helweckiego w Litwie,t. 2, Poznań 1822, p. 180-181
  4. ^"Minsk celebrates 440th anniversary of first Belarusian book printed in Cyrillic Alpha bet".Ministry of Foreign Affairs of theRepublic of Belarus.Retrieved2009-06-16.[permanent dead link]
  5. ^Г. П. Пашкоў, ed. (2006). "Нясвіж".Энцыклапедыя "Вялікае княства Літоўскае" (том 2).Мінск: Беларуская Энцыклапедыя. pp. 368–369.
  6. ^abcMaciej Rysiewicz (14 March 2019)."Powstanie w Nieświeżu – z cyklu" Droga do niepodległości "".Kurier Ostrowski(in Polish).Retrieved9 October2019.
  7. ^abSkorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Tom VII. Część I(in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1923. p. 37.
  8. ^"Jewish Gen Town Locator".Archived fromthe originalon 2012-02-29.Retrieved2010-07-01.
  9. ^Shalom Cholawski,Nesvizhin theEncyclopedia of the Holocaust,vol. 3, pp.1043-1044
  10. ^Drugi Powszechny Spis Ludności z dnia 9 grudnia 1931 r: alfabetyczny wykaz miast w Polsce w granicach administracyjnych z dn. 1.V.1933 r: wyniki tymczasoweArchived2020-09-18 at theWayback Machine.— Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny, 1933. — S. 1-5.
  11. ^Беларуская Савецкая Энцыклапедыя: у 12 т. / гал. рэд. П. У. Броўка. — Т. 12: БССР. — Мн.: Беларуская Савецкая Энцыклапедыя, 1975. — С. 697.
  12. ^"Всесоюзная перепись населения 1970 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик (кроме РСФСР), их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу".Демоскоп Weekly.Archivedfrom the original on 2011-03-09.Retrieved2019-02-06.
  13. ^"Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик (кроме РСФСР), их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу".Демоскоп Weekly.Archivedfrom the original on 2012-05-21.Retrieved2019-02-06.
  14. ^"Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик, их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу".Демоскоп Weekly.Archivedfrom the original on 2006-10-21.Retrieved2019-02-06.
  15. ^Статистический ежегодник Минской области. — Мінск: Национальный статистический комитет Республики Беларусь, 2018. — С. 45-48.
  16. ^Статистический ежегодник Минской области. — Мінск: Национальный статистический комитет Республики Беларусь, 2013. — С. 44-48.
  17. ^"Численность населения на 1 января 2023 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2022 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа".belsat.gov.by.Archived fromthe originalon 17 April 2023.Retrieved14 August2023.
  18. ^"Города-партнёры".nesvizh.gov.by(in Russian). Nyasvizh.Retrieved2020-01-14.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toNyasvizh.

Further reading

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nyasvizh&oldid=1241991443"