Venezuelan wood quail
| Venezuelan wood quail | |
|---|---|
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| Illustration byJohn Gould&H. C. Richter | |
Scientific classification
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Galliformes |
| Family: | Odontophoridae |
| Genus: | Odontophorus |
| Species: | O. columbianus
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| Binomial name | |
| Odontophorus columbianus Gould,1850
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TheVenezuelan wood quail(Odontophorus columbianus) is abirdspecies in the familyOdontophoridae,the New World quail. It is found in theVenezuelan Coastal Range.[2]
Taxonomy and systematics
[edit]Some authors have suggested that the Venezuelan wood quail andgorgeted wood quail(Odontophorus strophium),Tacarcuna wood quail(O. dialeucos),black-fronted wood quail(O. atrifons), andblack-breasted wood quail(O. lecuolaemus) are actually a single species, but this treatment has not been accepted by the major avian taxonomic systems. The species ismonotypic.[2][3][4][5][6]
Description
[edit]The Venezuelan wood quail is 25 to 30 cm (9.8 to 11.8 in) long. Males are estimated to weigh 343 g (12.1 oz) and females 336 g (11.9 oz). Adult males have a white throat and chin with black streaks. The rest of the plumage is reddish brown with large white marks on the breast, belly, and flanks. The female has paler brown underparts with less conspicuous white marks, and the juvenile is similar to the female.[7]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The Venezuelan wood quail is principally found in the central part of Venezuela's Coastal Range, fromCaraboboeast to northwesternMiranda.There are also two sight records fromTáchirain the west near the Colombian border. It inhabits the floor of subtropicalcloudforestat elevations between 800 and 2,400 m (2,600 and 7,900 ft).[7]
Behavior
[edit]Feeding
[edit]The Venezuelan wood quail forages by scratching litter and bare soil to feed on seeds, fruits, insects, worms, and roots.[7]
Breeding
[edit]The Venezuelan wood quail's breeding season begins in March and is thought to extend to the end of July. One nest has been found; it was at the base of palms, had a roof of vegetation, and contained six eggs.[7]
Vocalization
[edit]
The Venezuelan wood quail's advertising call is "a rapidly repeated antiphonal duet" rendered as "churdole-chur-it, churdole-chur-it...".[7]
Status
[edit]TheIUCNhas assessed the Venezuelan wood quail as Near Threatened "because it has a small extent of occurrence within which it is presumed to be declining owing to habitat loss and hunting pressure".[1]
References
[edit]- ^abBirdLife International(2016)."Venezuelan Wood-quailOdontophorus columbianus".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2016.Retrieved13 September2021.
- ^abGill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021)."IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)".RetrievedJuly 14,2021.
- ^Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded fromhttps:// birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/Retrieved August 25, 2021
- ^"Check-list of North and Middle American Birds".American Ornithological Society. June 29, 2021.RetrievedAugust 9,2021.
- ^Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society.https:// museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htmretrieved August 24, 2021
- ^HBW and BirdLife International (2020)Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the worldVersion 5. Available at:http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip[.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved May 27, 2021
- ^abcdeCarroll, J. P., G. M. Kirwan, and C. J. Sharpe (2020). Venezuelan Wood-Quail (Odontophorus columbianus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.venwoq1.01retrieved September 13, 2021