Offshore wind port
Anoffshore wind portdescribes several distinct types ofportfacilities that are used to support manufacturing, construction and operation of anoffshore wind powerproject. Offshore wind turbine components are larger than onshore wind components. Handling of such large components requires special equipment. Transporting of components between manufacturing and assembling facilities is to be minimized. As a result, a number of offshore wind port facilities have been built in areas with a high concentration of offshore wind developments.[1]For large offshore wind farm projects, some offshore wind ports have become strategic hubs of the industry's supply chain.[2]
ThePort of Esbjergin Denmark is considered the world's largest offshore wind port.[3][4]
Types
[edit]
Small oceanic ports
[edit]These are small port facilities to launchsurvey vesselsused in an early stage of an offshore wind farm development.[5]
Manufacturing ports
[edit]Large offshore wind turbine components are difficult to transport over land. Locating a manufacturing facility at a port is more desirable. Subcomponents and materials may be brought through roads or railways. After components are built, they are typically shipped to a marshaling port for the final assembly.[5]
Marshaling ports
[edit]Marshaling ports (also known as staging ports[1]) are used to collect and store wind turbine components prior to loading them on towind turbine installation vessels.They are preferably located where there is unrestrictedair draftto thewind farmsite.[5]
Operating and maintenance ports
[edit]Operating and maintenance ports house facilities and vessels that are required for ongoing operating and maintenance of offshore wind farms. This may include part warehouse, offices, and training facilities.[5]
By region
[edit]Europe
[edit]The six leading offshore wind ports in Europe service wind farms in theNorth Sea.Their respective countries signed the Ejsberg Declaration in 2022 in which they agreed to coordinatesupply chainactivities to optimize the manufacture and delivery of wind turbine components.[6][7]
- Port of Esbjerg,(DK), the world's largest offshore wind port[3]
- Port of Ostend,(BE)[8]
- Groningen Seaports/Eemshaven,(NL)[6]
- Niedersachsen Ports/Cuxhaven,(DE)[6]
- Nantes/Saint-Nazaire,(FR)[6]
- Humber/Port of Hull(UK)[9][10]
United States
[edit]As of 2021,offshore wind power in the United Stateswas described as a "burgeoning" industry.[11]At that time, a number of ports were proposing to build or convert facilities to handle the large components needed to build potentialoffshore wind farms.[12][13][14]Among those on theEast Coast,from north to south are:
- Salem Harbor(MA)[15]
- Port of New Bedford(MA)[16]
- Brayton Point Commerce Center/Mount Hope Bay(MA)[16][17]
- Port of Providence(RI)[18]
- State PierPort of New London(CT)[19][20]
- Arthur Kill Terminal(NY)[15]
- Port of Paulsboro(NJ)
- New Jersey Wind Port,the "first offshore wind port" in the United States, which broke ground in late 2021[21]
- Port of Baltimore(MD)[16]-Sparrows Point
- Portsmouth Marine Terminal(VA)[22]
References
[edit]- ^abSupply chain, port infrastructure and logistics study for offshore wind farm development in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu(PDF).June 2016.Retrieved29 April2022.
- ^U.S. Offshore Wind Port Readiness(PDF).Garrad Hassan America. 16 October 2013.Retrieved29 April2022.
- ^abAnnual report Port of Esbjerg 2018(PDF).2018.Retrieved29 April2022.
- ^"Components for 4,000 offshore wind turbines pass through Port of Esbjerg".Project Cargo Journal.
- ^abcdParkison, Sara B.; Kempton, Willett (April 2022)."Marshaling ports required to meet US policy targets for offshore wind power".Energy Policy.163:112817.doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112817.S2CID246922755.
- ^abcd"European ports join forces to boost offshore wind rollout".renews.biz.18 January 2023.Retrieved28 February2023.
- ^"Six European wind ports signed mutual declaration".Ocean Energy Resources.January 19, 2023.
- ^A 2030 Vision for European Offshore Wind Ports - Trends and opportunities(PDF)(Report).WindEurope.May 2021.
- ^"European Offshore Wind Ports Ally to Mitigate Port Capacity Issues Brought by Higher 2030 Targets".offshorewind.biz.29 September 2022.Retrieved28 February2023.
- ^"Is the wind still in Hull's sails?".investmentmonitor.ai.11 March 2021.Retrieved28 February2023.
- ^Anderson, Jared (December 27, 2021)."FEATURE: Burgeoning US offshore wind industry will hit important milestones in 2022".spglobal.
- ^Ford, Neil (May 19, 2021)."US port spend brings offshore wind factories closer".reutersevents.Archivedfrom the original on June 27, 2021.
- ^Lewis, Michelle (October 21, 2021)."Ørsted is going big on US offshore wind and this is what it needs to succeed".Electrek.Archivedfrom the original on October 22, 2021.
- ^Lewis, Michelle (October 25, 2021)."The US is getting its first offshore wind blade factory".Electrek.Archivedfrom the original on October 26, 2021.
- ^abDurakovic, Adnan (October 31, 2022)."Three US Ports Secure Federal Financing for Offshore Wind Projects".offshoreWIND.biz.
- ^abc"East Coast ports gear up for offshore wind development".professionalmariner.August 1, 2021.
- ^Mohl, Bruce (February 16, 2022)."Brayton Point finally lands offshore wind supplier".
- ^"Latest News - ProvPort".provport.[not specific enough to verify]
- ^"State Pier Infrastructure Improvement Project".Connecticut Port Authority.RetrievedDecember 10,2022.
- ^"Port of New London critical component of Offshore Wind Industry Cluster".theday.Retrieved2022-11-05.
- ^"America's First Offshore Wind Port Breaks Ground".offshorewind.biz.September 10, 2021.
- ^"First U.S. Offshore Wind Blade Facility Will be Built in Virginia".maritime-executive.October 25, 2021.
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