Open front rounded vowel
| Open front rounded vowel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɶ | |||
| IPA Number | 312 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity(decimal) | ɶ | ||
| Unicode(hex) | U+0276 | ||
| X-SAMPA | & | ||
| Braille |   | ||
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Legend:unrounded•rounded |
The(near) open front rounded vowel,or(near) low front rounded vowel,[1]is a type ofvowelsound that has not been confirmed to bephonemicin anyspokenlanguage.[citation needed]The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabetthat represents this sound is ⟨ɶ⟩, and the equivalentX-SAMPAsymbol is&.The letter ⟨ɶ⟩ is asmall capsrendition of⟨Œ⟩.⟨œ⟩, the lowercase version of the ligature, is used for theopen-mid front rounded vowel.
While the IPA chart lists it as a fully open vowel, the rounded equivalent of[a],Ladefoged[2]characterizes it as near-open, the rounded equivalent of[æ].
A phoneme generally transcribed by this symbol is reported from theBavariandialect of Amstetten.However, it is phoneticallyopen-mid,[œ].[3]
It occurs allophonically in Weert Limburgish[4]as well as in some speakers ofDanish[5]andSwedish.[6]Certain transcriptions ofDanishuse ⟨ɶ⟩ to denote anopen-midfront rounded vowel[œ].[5]
InMaastrichtian Limburgish,the vowel transcribed with ⟨ɶː⟩ in theMestreechter Taoldictionary is phonetically near-open central[ɐ̹ː].It is a phonological open-mid front rounded vowel, the long counterpart of/œ/.[7]
Riad (2014)reports that[ɶː]in Stockholm Swedish is sometimes difficult to distinguish from[ɒː],which is the main realization of the/ɑː/phoneme, a sign that both vowels are phonetically very close.[6]
Features[edit]
- Itsvowel heightisopen,also known as low, which means the tongue is positioned far from the roof of the mouth – that is, low in the mouth.
- Itsvowel backnessisfront,which means the tongue is positioned forward in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as aconsonant.Rounded front vowels are oftencentralized,which means that often they are in factnear-front.
- It isrounded,which means that the lips are rounded rather than spread or relaxed.
Occurrence[edit]
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Danish | Some speakers[5] | grøn | [ˈkʁɶ̝nˀ] | 'green' | Near-open;[8]allophone of/ø/between/ʁ/and/v/as well as an allophone of/œ/between/ʁ/and a nasal.[9]Other speakers pronounce it the same as[œ].[5]SeeDanish phonology |
| Limburgish | Weert dialect[4] | bui | [bɶj] | 'shower' | Allophone of/œ/before/j/.[4]SeeWeert dialect phonology |
| Swedish | Stockholm[6] | öra | [ˈɶ̂ːra̠] | 'ear' | Pre-/r/allophone of/øː/(sometimes also/œ/) for younger speakers.[6]Open-mid[œː,œ]for other speakers.[6]SeeSwedish phonology |
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^While theInternational Phonetic Associationprefers the terms "close" and "open" forvowel height,many linguists use "high" and "low".
- ^Ladefoged, Peter;Maddieson, Ian(1996).The Sounds of the World's Languages.Oxford: Blackwell. p. 290.ISBN0-631-19815-6.
- ^Traunmüller (1982),cited inLadefoged & Maddieson (1996:290)
- ^abcHeijmans & Gussenhoven (1998:110)
- ^abcdBasbøll (2005:46)
- ^abcdeRiad (2014:38)
- ^Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999:159, 161–162, 164)
- ^Grønnum (1998:100)
- ^Grønnum (2005:288)
References[edit]
- Basbøll, Hans(2005),The Phonology of Danish,Taylor & Francis,ISBN0-203-97876-5
- Grønnum, Nina (1998), "Danish",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,28(1–2): 99–105,doi:10.1017/S0025100300006290,S2CID249412109
- Grønnum, Nina (2005),Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk(3rd ed.), Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag,ISBN87-500-3865-6
- Gussenhoven, Carlos; Aarts, Flor (1999),"The dialect of Maastricht"(PDF),Journal of the International Phonetic Association,29(2), University of Nijmegen, Centre for Language Studies: 155–166,doi:10.1017/S0025100300006526,S2CID145782045
- Heijmans, Linda; Gussenhoven, Carlos (1998),"The Dutch dialect of Weert"(PDF),Journal of the International Phonetic Association,28(1–2): 107–112,doi:10.1017/S0025100300006307,S2CID145635698
- Ladefoged, Peter;Maddieson, Ian(1996).The Sounds of the World's Languages.Oxford: Blackwell.ISBN0-631-19815-6.
- Riad, Tomas (2014),The Phonology of Swedish,Oxford University Press,ISBN978-0-19-954357-1
- Traunmüller, Hartmut (1982), "Vokalismus in der westniederösterreichischen Mundart.",Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik,2:289–333