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Opera (web browser)

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Opera
Developer(s)Opera
Initial release10 April 1995;29 years ago(1995-04-10)[1]
Stable release
113.0.5230.47[2]Edit this on Wikidata / 29 August 2024;4 days ago(29 August 2024)
Preview release
Opera beta

107.0.5045.11 (February 1, 2024;7 months ago(2024-02-01)[3][4][5])

Opera developer
108.0.5063.0 (January 31, 2024;7 months ago(2024-01-31)[6][7][8])
Written inC++[9]
EnginesBlink(formerlyPresto),V8
Operating systemWindows 10 or later,[10]macOS,Linux, (FormerlyFreeBSD,Nintendo Wii,Nintendo DS,andNintendo DS Lite)
Available in42 languages
TypeWeb browser
LicenseFreeware
WebsiteOpera

Operais a multi-platformweb browserdeveloped by its namesake companyOpera.[11][12][13]The current edition of the browser is based onChromium.Opera is available onWindows,macOS,Linux,Android,andiOS(SafariWebKitengine).[14][15]Two mobile versions are still active, calledOpera Mobile[16]andOpera Mini.[17][18]Opera also has a news aggregator app calledOpera Newswith an AI search-engine.[19]

Opera was initially released on 10 April 1995, making it one of the oldest desktop web browsers to ever exist. It wascommercial softwarefor its first ten years and had its own proprietary layout engine,Presto.In 2013, it switched from the Presto engine toChromium.In 2016, Opera, developed in Norway, became a subsidiary of an investment group led by a Chinese consortium.[20]In 2018, Opera Software went public on the NASDAQ stock exchange. By the end of 2022, the consortium sold all of its shares, and Opera in turn committed to repurchase all of its American Depository Shares to reestablish its corporate autonomy.[21][22]As of the end of 2023, Opera Software was 72.4% owned by Kunlun, a Chinese public company, making it a subsidiary of that company. Opera CEO James Yahui Zhou is a controlling shareholder in Kunlun.[23]

In 2019, Opera introducedOpera GX,a browser marketed towards gamers, claiming to have better performance and a built-in tracker and ad blocker and also has aCPUandRAMusage limiter.[24]

History

[edit]
Main article:History of the Opera web browser

In 1994,Jon Stephenson von TetzchnerandGeir Ivarsøystarted developing the Opera web browser while working atTelenor,aNorwegiantelecommunications company.[25][26]

In 1995, they foundedOpera Software AS.[27]Opera was initially released on 10 April 1995, and then it was released publicly in 1996 with version 2.10,[28]which ran onMicrosoft Windows 95.[29]Development for mobile device platforms started in 1998.[30]

Opera 4.0, released in 2000,[28]included a new cross-platform core that facilitated the creation of editions of Opera for multipleoperating systemsand platforms.[31]

To this point, Opera wastrialwareand had to be purchased after the trial period. With version 5.0, released in 2000, Opera becamead-sponsored,displaying ads to users who had not paid for it.[32]Subsequent versions have given users the choice of seeingbanner adsor targeted text ads fromGoogle.

With version 8.5, released in 2005, the ads were completely removed, and the browser's primary financial support came through revenue from Google (by contract, Opera's defaultsearch engine).[33]

Among new features introduced in version 9.1, released in 2006, was fraud protection using technology fromGeoTrust,adigital certificateprovider, andPhishTank,an organization that tracks knownphishingweb sites.[34]This feature was further expanded in version 9.5, when GeoTrust was replaced withNetcraft,and malware protection from Haute Secure was added.[35]

In 2006, Opera Software ASA was released as well asNintendo DS BrowserandInternet Channelfor Nintendo'sDSandWiigaming systems, respectively, which were Opera-based browsers.[36][37][38][39]

A newJavaScriptengine, calledCarakan(after theJavanese Alpha bet), was introduced with version 10.50.[40]According to Opera Software, it made Opera 10.50 more than seven times faster inSunSpiderthan Opera 10.10.[41][42][43]

On 16 December 2010, Opera 11 was released, featuringextensions,[44]tab stacking (where dragging one tab over another allowed creating a group of tabs), visual mouse gestures and changes to the address bar.[45]Opera 12 was released on 14 June 2012.[46]

On 12 February 2013, Opera Software announced that it would drop its ownPrestolayout engine in favor ofWebKitas implemented by Google'sChromebrowser, using code from theChromiumproject. Opera Software planned as well to contribute code to WebKit.[47]On 3 April 2013, Google announced it would fork components from WebKit to form a new layout engine,Blink.That day, Opera Software confirmed it would follow Google in implementing Blink.[48]

On 28 May 2013, a beta release of Opera 15 was made available,[49]the first version based on the Chromium project.[50][51]Many distinctive Opera features of the previous versions were dropped, andOpera Mailwas separated into a standalone application derived from Opera 12.[52]

In 2016, Opera was acquired by an investment group led by a Chinese consortium, the consortium included several Chinese companies such as Kunlun Tech and Qihoo 360. On July 27, 2018, Opera Software wentpublicon theNASDAQstock exchange, raising $115 million in itsinitial public offering.[53]Opera began repurchasing its shares in 2022 following the closure of 360 Security Technology Inc. that year.[54][55]

In January 2017, the source code of Opera 12.15, one of the last few versions still based on the Presto layout engine, was leaked.[56]

To demonstrate how radically different a browser could look, Opera Neon, dubbed a "concept browser", was released in January 2017.PC Worldcompared it to demo models that automakers and hardware vendors release to show their visions of the future. Instead of aSpeed Dial Browsingfeature it displays the frequently accessed websites in resemblance to adesktopwith computer icons scattered over it in an artistic formation.[57][58]

On 10 May 2017, Opera 45 was released. Notably this was the last version of the browser compatible with32-bit Linuxdistributions, with later versions requiring a64-bit Linuxdistribution. This version, inspired by the previous Opera Neon design, was called "Opera Reborn" and which redoes parts of the user interface, such as adding light and dark modes, and integrates the messenger applicationsFacebook Messenger,WhatsApp,andTelegram.Additionally, new ad-blocking settings were added along with security changes.[59]

On 4 January 2018, Opera 50 was released. This version updated the browser to utilize the built-in ad blocker to providecryptocurrency miningprotection that stops sites from running scripts that attempt to use the CPU to mine cryptocurrency. Additionally the browser addedChromecastsupport, VR support enhancements, saving pages as PDFs, and improved VPN performance with region-based locations rather than country-based.[60]

On 9 April 2019, Opera 60 was released. This version, codenamed Reborn 3, focused on moving the browser towards a more minimal design, further improving the free VPN service, and was marketed as being the "World's firstWeb3ready browser ", as it included out of the box integrations with blockchain and cryptocurrency applications.[61]

On 21 May 2019, Opera GX is announced and opened for early-access. The only information available in this announcement is that the browser would be a special version of the browser aimed at those who play games. The early-access program was opened on 11 June 2019.[62][63]

On 24 June 2021, Opera 77, codenamed Opera R5 was released. As one of the larger updates to the browser, it added more music streaming services in the sidebar, integrating native support forApple Music,Spotify,YouTube Music,Tidal,SoundCloud,andGaana.The "Pinboards" feature was also added, letting users create a shareable collection of websites, images, links, and notes in a visual form. A video popout feature was also added for video conferencing, which happens automatically when switching tabs, popping out of the window when navigating away and popping back in when navigating back.[64]Later, in Opera 83 released on 19 January 2022, this feature would be implemented for all video players, not just video conferencing platforms.[65]

On 31 Jan 2023, Opera announced that given the discontinuation of support forWindows 7and8.1byMicrosoft,Chromium based browsersare also ending support, so Opera will no longer get updates on those versions, but older versions will continue to function on those versions of Windows.[66]

On 22 March 2023, Opera and Opera GX incorporated features with AI-powered tools. These features include AI Prompts that are suggested to the user, and sidebar access toChatGPTand ChatSonic. The prompts show up on sites that contain content like articles, offering to shorten the text or summarize them.[67]

On 20 June 2023, Opera launched Opera 100, codenamed Opera One, a version of the browser built from the ground up around AI which was unveiled on 25 April 2023. This browser includes a native AI called Aria, aGPT-basedAI engine that was developed collaboratively withOpenAIthat sifts through web information, generates text and code, and much more in the browser. Tab islands were also introduced, allowing browser tabs to be grouped together, bookmarked, collapsed, and more. Major UI changes were made, and a Multithreaded Compositor was introduced, allowing the browser to function and render in animations much smoother than it was previously capable.[68][69][70]

Features

[edit]
Main article:Features of the Opera web browser

Opera has originated features later adopted by other web browsers, including: Speed Dial, pop-up blocking, reopening recently closed pages,private browsing,andtabbed browsing.[71][72]Additional features include a built-in screenshot tool, Snapshot, which also includes an image-markup tool;[73]built-in ad blockers, and tracking blockers.[74]

Usability and accessibility

[edit]

Opera includes abookmarksbar and adownload manager.It also has "Speed Dial" which allows the user to add an unlimited number of pages shown inthumbnailform in a page displayed when a new tab is opened.[71][72][75]

Opera was one of the first browsers to supportCascading Style Sheets(CSS) in 1998.[76]

Opera Turbo, a feature that compresses requested web pages (exceptHTTPSpages) before sending them to the users,[77]is no longer available on the desktop browser. Opera Turbo is available inOpera Mini,the mobile browser.[78]

Privacy and security

[edit]
See also:Browser security

One security feature is the option to delete private data, such asHTTP cookies,browsing history, items incacheand passwords with the click of a button.[79]

When visiting a site, Opera displays a security badge in the address bar which shows details about the website, including security certificates.[80]Opera'sfraudandmalwareprotection warns the user about suspicious web pages and is enabled by default. It checks the requested page against several databases of knownphishingand malware websites, called blacklists.[80]

In 2016, a free virtual private network (VPN) service was implemented in the browser.[81]Opera said that this would allow encrypted access to websites otherwise blocked, and provide security on public WiFi networks.[82][83]It was later determined that the browser VPN operated as aweb proxyrather than a VPN, meaning that it only secured connections made by the browser and not by any other apps on the computer.[84]

Crypto-wallet support

[edit]

In 2018, a built-incryptocurrency walletto the Opera Web Browser was released,[85]announcing that they would be the first browser with a built-in Crypto Wallet.[86]On 13 December 2018, Opera released a video showing many decentralized applications likeCryptokittiesrunning on the Android version of the Opera Web Browser.[87]

In March 2020, Opera updated itsAndroidbrowser to access.cryptodomains (IPFS), making it the first browser to be able to support adomain name system(DNS) which is not part of the traditional DNS directly without the need of a plugin or add-on.[88]This was through a collaboration with aSan Franciscobased startup, Unstoppable Domains.[89][90]In 2021 iOS and desktop versions have support ofIPFS.[91]

In January 2022, Opera introduced Opera Crypto Browser into public beta, combining a non-custodial wallet with a dedicated browser for blockchain-enabled services and Web3 technologies.[92]On 14 April 2022, Opera launched its Crypto Browser available on iOS devices.[93]As of 2023, Opera Crypto Browser has been discontinued, with the browser's features being integrated into Opera and Opera GX.

AI chatbot

[edit]

In 2023, Opera added anAI chatbotwhich it calls Aria, into the browser. This is powered by Opera's Composer AI engine and connects toOpenAI'sGPTmodel.

Other versions

[edit]

Opera GX

[edit]
Opera GX
Developer(s)Opera Software Poland
Initial release11 June 2019;5 years ago(2019-06-11)
Stable release(s)
Windows112.0.5197.60Edit this on Wikidata/ 8 August 2024;25 days ago(8 August 2024)
Mac112.0.5197.60Edit this on Wikidata/ 8 August 2024;25 days ago(8 August 2024)
Android2.5.4Edit this on Wikidata/ 10 June 2024;2 months ago(10 June 2024)
iOS2.5.2Edit this on Wikidata/ 4 August 2024;29 days ago(4 August 2024)
EnginesBlink,V8
Operating systemWindows 10or later
macOS 10.13or later
Android 9.0or later
iOS 15.5or later
TypeWeb browser
LicenseFreeware
Websitewww.opera/gx

Opera GX is a gaming-oriented alternative to Opera. The browser was announced on 21 May 2019 and released inearly accessfor Windows on 11 June 2019, duringE3 2019.The macOS version was released in December of the same year.[94][95][62]

Opera GX adds features geared toward gamers and other audiences, with the regular Opera browser features included. The limiter allows users to limit network, CPU, and memory usage to preserve system resources. GX Cleaner is a tool that is said to allow users to clearcache,cookies,and other unwanted files etc. The browser also adds integrations with other websites such asTwitch,Discord,Twitter,andInstagram.The browser also has a built-in page called the GX Corner, which combines gaming-related releases, deals, and news articles.[96][97][98]

On 5 September 2019, Opera won aRed Dotaward in the Interface and User Experience Design category for Opera GX. Around the same time, Opera GX also marked its first one million downloads.[99]

On 20 May 2021, a mobile version of Opera GX was released oniOSandAndroid.[100]

On 12 November of the same year, Opera GX Mobile was awarded anotherRed Dotaward in both the Apps category and theInterfaceandUser Experience Design:Mobile UIs category.[101]

On August 19, 2023, Opera GX introduced aVTubernamed GX Aura for their social media accounts; she later became the mascot for the browser.[102][103]

On November 28 of the same year, Opera GX launched a new advertising campaign titled "Bury Boring", featuring actor and comedianEric Andrésmashing and burying computers not using Opera GX.[104][105]The advertising campaign also included a splash screen whenever the browser is launched during the campaign with slashing sounds and André yelling out the browser's name. While well received by many of its user base, many criticized Opera GX's actions. In the browser'ssubreddit,many users complained about the loud volume of the splash screen and that the splash screen could not be bypassed unless the execution file was deleted.[106][107][108][109]

Development stages

[edit]

Opera Software uses a release cycle consisting of three "streams", corresponding to phases of development, that can be downloaded and installed independently of each other: "developer", "beta", and "stable". New features are first introduced in thedeveloper build,then, depending on user feedback, may progress to thebeta versionand eventually bereleased.[110]

The developer stream allows early testing of new features, mainly targeting developers, extension creators, and early adopters. Opera developer is not intended for everyday browsing as it is unstable and is prone to failure or crashing, but it enables advanced users to try out new features that are still under development, without affecting their normal installation of the browser. New versions of the browser are released frequently, usually a few times a week.[111]

The beta stream, formerly known as "Opera Next", is afeature completepackage, allowing stability and quality to mature before the final release. A new version is released every couple of weeks.[112]Both streams can be installed alongside the official release without interference. Each has a different icon to help the user distinguish between the variants. [113]

Market adoption

[edit]
Further information:Usage share of web browsers
Desktop/laptop/tablet browser statistics
Google Chrome
 
 63.62%
Edge
 
 13.08%
Safari
 
 10.84%
Firefox
 
 6.29%
Opera
 
 2.32%
Desktop and tablet web browser market share according toStatcounterfor August 2024[114]

Integrations

[edit]

In 2005,Adobe Systemsintegrated Opera's rendering engine, Presto, into itsAdobe Creative Suiteapplications. Opera technology was employed inAdobe GoLive,Adobe Photoshop,Adobe Dreamweaver,and other components of theAdobe Creative Suite.[115][116]Opera's layout engine is also found in Virtual Mechanics SiteSpinner Pro.[117]The Internet Channel is a version of the Opera 9 web browser for use on theNintendo Wiicreated by Opera Software and Nintendo.[118]Opera Software is also implemented in theNintendo DS BrowserandNintendo DSi Browserfor Nintendo's handheld systems.

Opera is the fifth most popular web-browser.[119][120]As of April 2021, Opera's offerings had over 320 million active users.[121]

Reception

[edit]

The Opera browser has been listed as a "tried and tested direct alternative to Chrome".[122]It scores close to Chrome on the HTML5test, which scores browsers' compatibility with different web standards.[120]

Versions with the Presto layout engine have been positively reviewed,[123][124][125]although they have been criticized for website compatibility issues.[126][127]Because of this issue, Opera 8.01 and higher had included workarounds to help certain popular but problematic web sites display properly.[128][129]

Versions with the Blink layout engine have been criticized by some users for missing features such asUIcustomization, and for abandoning Opera Software's own Presto layout engine.[130][131][132][133]Despite that, versions with the Blink layout engine have been noted for being fast and stable, for handling the latest web standards and for having a better website compatibility and a modern-style user interface.[134][135][136]

See also

[edit]

Opera browser platform variants:

Related other browsers:

Related topics:

References

[edit]
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