Oxygen-16
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| General | |
|---|---|
| Symbol | 16O |
| Names | oxygen-16, 16O, O-16 |
| Protons(Z) | 8 |
| Neutrons(N) | 8 |
| Nuclide data | |
| Natural abundance | 99.76% |
| Half-life(t1/2) | stable |
| Isotope mass | 15.99491461956Da |
| Spin | 0 |
| Excess energy | −4737.00135(16)[1]keV |
| Isotopes of oxygen Complete table of nuclides | |
Oxygen-16(symbol:16O or16
8O
) is anuclide.It is astableisotope of oxygen,with 8neutronsand 8protonsin itsnucleus,and when not ionized, 8 electrons orbiting the nucleus. Oxygen-16 has a mass of15.99491461956u.It is the most abundant isotope of oxygen and accounts for 99.762% of oxygen'snatural abundance.[2]
The relative and absolute abundances of oxygen-16 are high because it is a principal product ofstellar evolutionand because it is aprimordial isotope,meaning it can be made by stars that wereinitially made exclusively of hydrogen.
Most oxygen-16 is synthesized at the end of thehelium fusionprocess in stars; thetriple- Alpha processcreates carbon-12, which captures an additional helium-4 to make oxygen-16. Theneon-burning processalso makes it.
Oxygen-16 isdoubly magic.
Solid samples (organic and inorganic) for oxygen-16 studies are usually stored in silver cups and measured withpyrolysisandmass spectrometry.[3]Researchers need to avoid improper or prolonged storage of the samples for accurate measurements.[3]
Originally, oneatomic mass unitwas defined as one sixteenth of the mass of oxygen-16, but the atomic mass unit has since been redefined as one twelfth of the mass ofcarbon-12.
References
[edit]- ^Wang, M.; Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Xu, X. (2017)."The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs, and references"(PDF).Chinese Physics C.41(3): 030003–8.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030003.
- ^"Table of Isotopic Masses and Natural Abundances"(PDF).1999.
- ^abTsang, Man-Yin; Yao, Weiqi; Tse, Kevin (2020). Kim, Il-Nam (ed.)."Oxidized silver cups can skew oxygen isotope results of small samples".Experimental Results.1:e12.doi:10.1017/exp.2020.15.ISSN2516-712X.
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