Paleohispanic languages

Paleohispanic
Paleohispanic
(geographic)
Geographic; distribution	Mainly,Iberiaand southwesternFrance(includingAndorra)
	Paleohispanic languages according to inscriptions (except Aquitanian – according toanthroponymsand theonyms used inLatininscriptions).
	; Pre-Roman languages of Iberia by 300 BCE.

Thepaleo-Hispanic languages^[2]are the languages of thePre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula,excluding languages of foreign colonies, such asGreekinEmporionandPhoenicianinQart Hadast.After theRoman conquest of Hispaniathe Paleohispanic languages, with the exception ofProto-Basque,were replaced byLatin,the ancestor of the modernIberian Romance languages.

Languages[edit]

Some of these languages were documented directly through inscriptions, mainly inPaleohispanic scripts,that date for sure between the 5th century BC, maybe from the 7th century in the opinion of some researchers, until the end of the 1st century BC or the beginning of the 1st century AD.

Vasconic languages
- Proto-Basque— Unattested, partiallyreconstructedthroughinternal analysisofmodern Basque.Proto-Basque is also the ancestor or sibling of the Aquitanian language (see below).
- Aquitanian— Close relative of modernBasque.Some scholars characterise Aquitanian as an ancestor of Basque, while others describe Aquitanian and Basque as siblings both descended from Proto-Basque.
Unclassified languages
- Iberian— Shares many obvious similarities with the Vasconic languages. However, lack of data has thus farprevented scholars from determiningwhether these similarities arose fromconvergencedue tointense contact,or whether Iberian does in fact possess agenetic relationshipto the Vasconic languages.
- Tartessian— Scholarly opinion places Tartessian definitely outside of theIndo-European family,butfurther classification remains uncertain.Tartessian seems to have borrowed manyplace namesfrom someCelticand/or otherIndo-Europeanlanguages; but its syllable structure is totally incompatible with the phonology of any Indo-European language, and much more compatible with the phonology of the Vasconic languages and Iberian. Despite this phonological compatibility, a lack of data has thus far made it impossible to clarify any relationship with theVasconic languagesor Iberian.
Indo-European languages
- Celtic languages
  - Celtiberian
  - Gallaecian
- (Internally unclassified languages)
  - Lusitanian— Definitely an Indo-European language. PossiblyCelticor Italic, but a lack of data has prevented scholars from determining exactly where Lusitanian fits within the Indo-European family.
  - Sorothaptic^[3](from Greek σορόςsorós'funerary urn' and θαπτόςthaptós'buried') is a hypothetical pre-Celtic language.Joan Corominesidentified problematic words in Catalan with inscriptions on lead tablets, from ca. 2nd century CE, found atAmélie-les-Bainson the Catalan–French border. The inscriptions include some Latin but also a non-Latin and non-Celtic component that Coromines identifies with theUrnfield culturefrom a millennium earlier, claiming to have found such "Sorothaptic" place names across Europe.^[4]^[5]Like the better-knownVasconic substrate hypothesis,Coromines' Sorothaptic hypothesis has not been well received.^[6]

Other Paleohispanic languages can only be identified indirectly throughtoponyms,anthroponymsortheonymscited byRomanandGreeksources.

Classification[edit]

Of these languages, Celtiberian, Gallaecian, Lusitanian, and presumably Sorothaptic wereIndo-European languages;Celtiberian and Gallaecian wereCeltic languages,and Lusitanian may also have been, but the hypothetical Sorothaptic was not. Aquitanian was a precursor ofBasque,while Tartessian and Iberian remainunclassified.^[7]

References[edit]

^"Populi",Iberia(map), Arkeotavira, archived fromthe originalon 2011-02-26,retrieved2007-10-31
^Sinner, Alejandro G.; Velaza, Javier (5 March 2019).Palaeohispanic Languages and Epigraphies.Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/oso/9780198790822.001.0001.ISBN 978-0-19-879082-2.
^"Sorothaptic".ISO 639-3.Summer institute of linguistics. "MultiTree entry for Sorothaptic".
^Coromines, Joan(1976).Els ploms sorotàptics d'Arles[The sorotaptic leads of Arles] (in Catalan). pp. 142–216.
^Brill's New Pauly,2008, p. 50
^Martines, Josep (2020)."General Lexicon".In Argenter, Joan A.; Lüdtke, Jens (eds.).Manual of Catalan Linguistics.Berlin:Walter de Gruyter.pp. 311–350.ISBN 978-3-11-044831-3.
^Broderick, George (2010). "Die vorrömischen Sprachen auf der iberischen Halbinsel" [The pre-Roman languages of the Iberian Peninsula]. In Hinrichs, Uwe (ed.).Das Handbuch der Eurolinguistik[The Eurolinguistics Handbook] (in German) (1st ed.). Wiesbaden, Germany: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 304–305.ISBN 978-3-447-05928-2.

External links[edit]

[1] "Populi",Iberia(map), Arkeotavira, archived fromthe originalon 2011-02-26,retrieved2007-10-31

[2] Sinner, Alejandro G.; Velaza, Javier (5 March 2019).Palaeohispanic Languages and Epigraphies.Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/oso/9780198790822.001.0001.ISBN 978-0-19-879082-2.

[3] "Sorothaptic".ISO 639-3.Summer institute of linguistics. "MultiTree entry for Sorothaptic".

[4] Coromines, Joan(1976).Els ploms sorotàptics d'Arles[The sorotaptic leads of Arles] (in Catalan). pp. 142–216.

[5] Brill's New Pauly,2008, p. 50

[6] Martines, Josep (2020)."General Lexicon".In Argenter, Joan A.; Lüdtke, Jens (eds.).Manual of Catalan Linguistics.Berlin:Walter de Gruyter.pp. 311–350.ISBN 978-3-11-044831-3.

[7] Broderick, George (2010). "Die vorrömischen Sprachen auf der iberischen Halbinsel" [The pre-Roman languages of the Iberian Peninsula]. In Hinrichs, Uwe (ed.).Das Handbuch der Eurolinguistik[The Eurolinguistics Handbook] (in German) (1st ed.). Wiesbaden, Germany: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 304–305.ISBN 978-3-447-05928-2.

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Paleohispanic languages

Languages[edit]

Classification[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]