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Palm OS

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the modern smartphone operating system by Palm, seewebOS.
Palm OS
Garnet OS
Palm m505, running Palm OS 4.0
DeveloperPalm, Inc.,ACCESS(Garnet OS)
Written inC++
OS familyPalm OS
Working stateDiscontinued since 2009[1]
Source modelClosed-source
Initial release1996;28 years ago(1996)
Final releaseGarnet OS 5.4.9 / October 14, 2007;16 years ago(2007-10-14)
Available inEnglish, French, Japanese and more
PlatformsARM
Motorola 68k
LicenseProprietaryEULA
Official websiteGarnet OS
Support status
Unsupported

Palm OS(also known asGarnet OS) is a discontinuedmobile operating systeminitially developed byPalm, Inc.,forpersonal digital assistants(PDAs) in 1996. Palm OS was designed for ease of use with atouchscreen-basedgraphical user interface.It was provided with a suite of basic applications forpersonal information management.Later versions of the OS were extended to supportsmartphones.The software appeared on the company's line ofPalm deviceswhile several other licenseeshave manufactured devicespowered by Palm OS.

Following Palm's purchase of the Palm trademark, the operating system was renamedGarnet OS.In 2007,ACCESSintroduced the successor to Garnet OS, calledAccess Linux Platform;additionally, in 2009, the main licensee of Palm OS, Palm, Inc., switched from Palm OS towebOSfor their forthcoming devices.

Creator and ownership

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Palm OS was originally developed under the direction of Jeff Hawkins atPalm Computing, Inc.[2]Palm was later acquired byU.S. Robotics Corp.,[3]which in turn was later bought by3Com,[4]which made the Palm subsidiary an independent publicly traded company on March 2, 2000.[5]

In January 2002, Palm set up a wholly owned subsidiary to develop and license Palm OS,[6]which was namedPalmSource.PalmSource was then spun off from Palm as an independent company on October 28, 2003.[7]Palm (then called palmOne) became a regularlicenseeof Palm OS, no longer in control of the operating system.

In September 2005, PalmSource announced that it was being acquired byACCESS.[8]

In December 2006, Palm gained perpetual rights to the Palm OS source code from ACCESS.[9]With this Palm can modify the licensed operating system as needed without paying further royalties to ACCESS. Together with the May 2005 acquisition of full rights to thePalmbrand name,[10]only Palm can publish releases of the operating system under the name 'Palm OS'.

As a consequence, on January 25, 2007, ACCESS announced a name change to their current Palm OS operating system, now titledGarnet OS.[11]

OS overview

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Palm OS was aproprietarymobile operating system.Designed in 1996 for Palm Computing, Inc.'s newPilot PDA,it has been implemented on a wide array of mobile devices, includingsmartphones,wrist watches,handheld gaming consoles,barcode readersandGPSdevices.

Palm OS versions earlier than 5.0 run onMotorola/Freescale DragonBallprocessors. From version 5.0 onwards, Palm OS runs onARM architecture-based processors.

The key features of the current Palm OS Garnet are:

  • Simple, single-tasking environment to allow launching of full screen applications with a basic, commonGUIset
  • Monochrome or color screens with resolutions up to 480x320 pixel
  • Handwriting recognitioninput system calledGraffiti 2
  • HotSync technology fordata synchronizationwith desktop computers
  • Sound playback and record capabilities
  • Simple security model: Device can be locked by password, arbitrary application records can be made private
  • TCP/IPnetwork access
  • Serial port/USB,infrared,BluetoothandWi-Ficonnections
  • Expansionmemory cardsupport
  • Defined standard data format forpersonal information managementapplications to store calendar, address, task and note entries, accessible by third-party applications.

Included with the OS is also a set ofstandard applications,with the most relevant ones for the four mentioned PIM operations.

Version history and technical background

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Manufacturers are free to implement different features of the OS in their devices or even addnew features.This version history describes the officially licensed version from Palm/PalmSource/ACCESS.

All versions prior to Palm OS 5 are based on top of the AMX 68000[12]kernellicensed fromKADAK Products Ltd.While this kernel is technically capable of multitasking, the "terms and conditions of that license specifically state that Palm may not expose theAPIfor creating/manipulating tasks within the OS. "[13]

Palm OS 1.0

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Palm OS 1.0 is the original version present on thePilot 1000 and 5000.It was introduced in March 1996.

Version 1.0 features the classic PIM applicationsAddress,Date Book,Memo Pad,andTo Do List.Also included is a calculator and the Security tool to hide records for private use.

Palm OS 1.0 does not differentiate betweenRAMandfile systemstorage. Applications are installed directly into RAM and executed in place. As no dedicated file system is supported, the operating system depends on constant RAM refresh cycles to keep its memory. The OS supports 160x160 monochrome output displays. User input is generated through theGraffitihandwriting recognitionsystem or optionally through avirtual keyboard.The system supportsdata synchronizationto another PC via its HotSync technology over a serial interface. The latest bugfix release is version 1.0.7.

Palm OS 2.0

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Palm OS 2.0 was introduced on March 10, 1997 with thePalmPilot Personal and Professional.[14]This version addsTCP/IPnetwork, network HotSync, and display backlight support. The last bugfix release is version 2.0.5.

Two new applications,MailandExpenseare added, and the standard PIM applications have been enhanced.

Palm OS 3.0

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Palm OS 3.0 was introduced on March 9, 1998 with the launch of thePalm IIIseries.[15]This version addsIrDAinfrared and enhanced font support. This version also features updated PIM applications and an update to the application launcher.

Palm OS 3.1adds only minor new features, like network HotSync support. It was introduced with thePalm IIIxandPalm V.[16]The last bugfix release is version 3.1.1.

Palm OS 3.2adds Web Clipping support, which is an early Palm-specific solution to bring web-content to a small PDA screen. It was introduced with thePalm VIIorganizer.

Palm OS 3.3adds faster HotSync speeds and the ability to do infrared hotsyncing. It was introduced with thePalm Vxorganizer.

Palm OS 3.5is the first version to include native 8-bit color support. It also adds major convenience features that simplify operation, like a context-sensitive icon-bar or simpler menu activation. The datebook application is extended with an additional agenda view. This version was first introduced with thePalm IIIcdevice.[17]The latest bugfix release is version 3.5.3.

As a companion, Palm later offered aMobile Internet Kitsoftware upgrade for Palm OS 3.5.[18]This included Palm's Web Clipping software, MultiMail (which was later renamed to VersaMail) Version 2.26 e-mail software, handPHONE Version 1.3SMSsoftware, and Neomar Version 1.5WAPbrowser.

Palm OS 4.0

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Palm OS 4.0 was released with the newPalm m500 serieson March 19, 2001.[19]This version adds a standard interface for externalfile systemaccess (such asSD cards). External file systems are a radical change to the operating system's previous in-place execution. Now, application code and data need to be loaded into the device's RAM, similar to desktop operating system behavior. A newUniversal ConnectorwithUSBsupport is introduced. The previous optional Mobile Internet Kit is now part of the operating system. Version 4.0 adds an attention manager to coordinate information from different applications, with several possibilities to get the user's attention, including sound, LED blinking or vibration. 16-bit color screens and different time zones are supported. This version also has security and UI enhancements.

Palm OS 4.1is a bugfix release. It was introduced with the launch of thePalm i705.The later minor OS update to version 4.1.2 includes a backport ofGraffiti 2from Palm OS 5.2.

Palm OS 4.2 Simplified Chinese Editionis targeted especially for the Chinese market with fullySimplified Chinesesupport, co-released with Palm OS 5.3. No device has been manufactured with this version up to now.

Palm OS 5.0

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Palm OS 5.0 was unveiled by the Palm subsidiary PalmSource in June 2002[20]and first implemented on the PalmTungsten T.It is the first version to supportARMdevices and replaced the Kadak AMX68000 kernel with the custom MCK kernel, named for its developer, that was written in-house by Palm.[21]Applications written for the prior OS versions use the olderDragonBall68K instruction set and are supported via thePalm Application Compatibility Environment(PACE) emulator in Garnet. Even with the additional overhead of PACE, Palm applications usually run faster on ARM devices than on previous generation hardware. New software can take advantage of the ARM processors with small units of ARM code, referred to asARMlets.

With a more powerful hardware basis, Palm OS 5 adds substantial enhancements for multimedia capabilities. High density 320x320 screens are supported together with a full digital sound playback and record API. Palm's separate Bluetooth stack is added together with anIEEE 802.11b Wi-Fistack. Secure network connections overSSLare supported. The OS can be customized with different color schemes.

For Palm OS 5, PalmSource developed and licensed a web browser calledPalmSource Web Browser[22]based on ACCESS'NetFront3.0 browser.

Palm OS 5.2is mainly a bugfix release, first implemented in theSamsungSGH-i500 in March 2003.[23]It added support for 480x320 resolutions and introduced the new handwriting input system calledGraffiti 2;the new input system was prompted byXerox'lawsuit winagainst Palm. Graffiti 2 is based onJotfromCIC.The last bugfix release is version 5.2.8.

Palm OS 5.3 Simplified Chinese Editionreleased in September 2003, added fullSimplified Chinesesupport,[24]further support forQVGAresolutions, and a standard API for virtual Graffiti calledDynamic Input Area.This version first shipped onLenovo's P100 and P300 handhelds.[25]

Palm OS Garnet(5.4) added updated Bluetooth libraries and support for multiple screen resolutions ranging from 160x160 up to 480x320. It first shipped on theTreo 650in November 2004. This version also introduced theGarnetmoniker to distinguish it from Palm OS Cobalt 6.0. The last bugfix release is version 5.4.9.

Garnet OS 5.5dropped thePalmmoniker[26]and, as of 2007,is the current version developed by ACCESS. This version is dedicated for use inside theGarnet VMvirtual machine.

Garnet VMwas announced and released by ACCESS in November 2007[27]as a core part of theAccess Linux Platformand as an emulator allowingNokia Internet Tabletsto run applications written for the Garnet OS. In June 2010, ACCESS release Garnet VM version 6 (a.k.a. Garnet VM Beta 6 1.05b).[28]

Palm OS Cobalt

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Palm OS Cobalt (6.0) was the designated successor for Palm OS 5. It was introduced on February 10, 2004,[29]but is no longer offered by ACCESS (see next section). Palm OS 6.0 was renamed to Palm OS Cobalt to make clear that this version was initially not designated to replace Palm OS 5, which adopted the name Palm OS Garnet at the same time.

Palm OS Cobalt introduced modern operating system features to an embedded operating system based on a new kernel with multitasking and memory protection, a modern multimedia and graphic framework (derived from Palm's acquiredBeOS), new security features, and adjustments of the PIM file formats to better cooperate withMicrosoft Outlook.

Palm OS Cobalt 6.1[30]presented standard communication libraries for telecommunication, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth connectivity. Despite other additions, it failed to interest potential licensees to Palm OS Cobalt.

Third-party OS enhancements

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Several licensees have made custom modifications to the operating system. These are not part of the official licensed version.

  • Palm developed aBluetoothAPI for external Bluetooth SDIO Cards for Palm OS 4.0 devices. The Bluetooth stack was later included in Palm OS 5[31]
  • Palm added a virtual graffiti input area API especially for theirTungsten T3device. This API was later superseded by the official Dynamic Input Area API in Palm OS 5.3.
  • Palm added theNon-Volatile File Systemin Palm OS 5.4, and used Flash for storage instead ofDRAM,preventing data-loss in the event of battery drain. However, this fundamentally changed the way programs were executed from the Execute-in-Place system that Palm OS traditionally used, and has been the source of many compatibility problems, requiring many applications to add explicit NVFS support for correct operation.
  • For their camera-equipped devices, Palm added the CameraLib API.
  • Sony added a library to support JogDial input available on theirCLIÉorganizers.

Modernization

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For several years,PalmSourcehad been attempting to create a modern successor for Palm OS 5 and have licensees implement it. Although PalmSource shipped Palm OS Cobalt 6.0 to licensees in January 2004, none adopted it for release devices. PalmSource made major improvements to Palm OS Cobalt with the release of Palm OS Cobalt 6.1 in September 2004 to please licensees, but even the new version did not lead to production devices.

In December 2004, PalmSource announced a new OS strategy. With the acquisition of the mobile phone software company China Mobilesoft, PalmSource planned to port Palm OS on top of aLinux kernel,while still offering both Palm OS Garnet and Palm OS Cobalt.[32]This strategy was revised in June 2005, when still no device with Palm OS Cobalt was announced. PalmSource announced it was halting all development efforts on any product not directly related to its future Linux based platform.[33]

With the acquisition of PalmSource by ACCESS, Palm OS for Linux was changed to become theAccess Linux Platformwhich was first announced in February 2006.[34]The initial versions of the platform and software development kits for the Access Linux Platform were officially released in February 2007.[35]As of January 2011, the Access Linux Platform had then yet to ship on any devices, however development kits then existed and public demonstrations had been showcased.

Palm, Inc., the main licensee of Palm OS Garnet, did not license Access Linux Platform for their own devices. Instead, Palm developed another Linux-based operating system calledPalm webOS.[36]On February 11, 2009, Palm CEO Ed Colligan said there would be no additional Palm OS devices (excepting the Centro being released to other carriers). Palm was focusing on Palm webOS and Windows Mobile devices.[37]On April 1, 2009, Palm announced the availability of a Palm OS emulator for itswebOS.[38]

Built-in applications

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Palm OS licensees decide which applications are included on their Palm OS devices. Licensees can also customize the applications.

Standard Palm OS applications

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Note: On the newer models, the standard PIM apps "Address", "Date Book", "Memo Pad" and "ToDos" were replaced by their improved counterparts "Contacts", "Calendar", "Memos" and "Tasks".

The Palm'sAddressprogram stores contact information, keyed by any of several user-definable categories. Entries are displayed and sorted in last name, first name order (this can be changed only to Company, Last Name order). There are five slots for phone or e-mail, each of which may be designated Work, Home, Fax, Other, E-mail, Main, Pager or Mobile (the slot designations cannot be changed) The newerContactsapp adds the following features: several addresses, 9 new fields: Website, Birthday, More phone numbers, Instant Messaging with quick connect.

Calculator as seen on Palm OS 4.1

Calcturns the Palm into a standard 4-function pocketcalculatorwith three shades of purple and blue buttons contrasting with the two red clear buttons. It supports square root and percent keys and has one memory.

It also has an option to display a running history of the calculations, much like the paper-tape calculators that were once common.

Date Book

Date Bookshows a daily or weekly schedule, or a simple monthly view. The daily schedule has one line per hour, between user-selected begin and end times. Clicking on an empty line creates a new event. Empty lines are crowded out by actual events, whose start and stop times are shown by default bracketed in the left margin. The newerCalendarapp adds the following features: New Day view, use of categories for events, event location, event can span midnight, event details, birthdays as timeless events. It supports time zone designation for events, a feature lacking in some more recent competitors.

An event, or appointment, can be heralded by an alarm, any number of minutes, hours or days before it begins. These alarms sound even when the unit is switched off.

Appointments can recur in a specified number of days, weeks, months or years and can contain notes.

Expensetracks common business expenses. No totals are calculated on the Palm. The user must sync with a host computer and view the expense data in a worksheet (templates for Microsoft Excel are supplied).

HotSync

HotSyncintegrates with the user's PC. Usually activated by a press of the physical HotSync button on the Palm's cradle (a dock station), this application communicates with various conduits on the desktop PC to install software, backup databases, or merge changes made on the PC or the handheld to both devices. It can communicate with the PC through a physical connection (USB on newer models), Bluetooth or IrDA wireless connections, and direct network connections on devices with networking capability.

In addition to the conduits provided by the licensee, developers can create their own conduits for integration with other Palm OS applications and desktop products. For example, a time tracking package could provide a conduit to communicate information between Palm OS and Windows executables.

A Backup conduit included with the HotSync software backs up (and restores, if necessary) most of the data on a Palm OS device. This allows users to hard reset their Palm—thus clearing all of the data—with few noticeable consequences. This also allows users to migrate to new Palm devices of the same Palm OS version, a feature that is helpful to those who lose or damage their device.

Some models of Palm keep their data storage involatile memoryand require constant power to maintain their memory. Although these handhelds attempt to save the contents of memory in low battery situations by not "turning on," leaving a "dead" handheld for an extended period of time can cause this reserve power to be used up and the contents of storage memory to be lost. Some later Palms useNVRAMormicrodrivefor storage.

Memo Padcan hold notes of up to 4,000 characters each; the newerMemosapp increases field size from 3 to 30 kB. Memos are ordered in two ways: Alpha betically, and manually (which allows the user to choose the order of the memos), and memos can be grouped in user-configurable categories. Memo Pad is for text only, not for drawings, and text can be entered using theGraffitiAlpha bet, using hardware or software keyboards, or using the 'paste' function. When Palm devices first became available, some Palm users started to create and exchange Memo Pad documents containing generally useful information, which came to be known asMemoware.

To Do list

To do listcreates personal reminders and prioritizes the things the user has to do. Each To Do List item may also have: a priority, categories (to organize and view items in logical groups), attached Note (to add more description and clarification of the task).
To Do List item can be sorted by: due date, priority or category The newerTasksapp features the following improvements: new interface, repeating tasks, alarms, etc.

Preferences(also referred to as Prefs) shows program files with a special preference panel type which are not shown by the normal launcher. Programs can be changed by switching the 'appl' type to 'panl' and vice versa. Palm OS contains approximately 15 preference panels by default and new preference panels can be added just like any other application.

Preference panels allow users to manage a number of settings, includingGraffitisettings, sound settings, text shortcuts, network settings and the system time.

Security(which is a panel on newer Palm OS devices) is used to configure Palm OS's security settings. These include the password needed to display hidden records and unlock the device when locked, as well as set up an automatic lockdown time or inactivity threshold. On the PC, only Palm Desktop honors this password but other PC programs can view everything—in other words, all the data protected by this password can be seen by anyone opening the.dat files using a text editor or word processor.

Common third-party core OS applications

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Starting with Palm OS version 5.2, Palm created customized versions of the common PIM application. Some new features have been added, e.g. support for Address categories, Ringtone associations to users, longer memo texts, etc.. They were also renamed to reflect designations from Microsoft Outlook, thus Address becameContacts,Datebook becameCalendar,Memo Pad becameMemosand To do list becameTasks.

Blazeris aweb browserforPalmhandhelds. The versions 1.0 and 2.0 run on Palm OS 3.1 or higher handhelds, but they needed aproxy serverwhich has been shut down, so they can no longer be used. Version 3.0 is used on theTreo600smartphone.The current version of Blazer is Blazer 4.5, which is compliant with most major standards. It is generally bundled with newersmartphonesand newer Palm devices capable of accessing theInternet.

Note Pad

Palm'sNote Padcan be used for quick drawings. With neat handwriting, 20–30 words will fit on one page; for more text, Memo Pad is the better choice. There are three sizes of pen width, plus an eraser and a background color change feature in some models. It is possible to draw a very simple map. The more "advanced" desktop version saves the Memo pad drawings to the desktop.

As of 2006, most new Palm handhelds includePhotos,which creates a digital photo album used to view pictures on a Palm OS device. As with all the other photo programs, photos can be beamed to other mobile devices. Each photo can be labeled and organized into separate photo albums. A slideshow can also be shown for a specific album, and each photo in the album will be shown full screen.

Photos can be edited with the Palm Photos PC software (Windows only), and when the photos are transferred to the handheld they will contain all changes made to the photo.

The Palm Photos software is available in the Zire 71, Tungsten C, Tungsten E, Tungsten T2, Tungsten T3 and several others.

With the support for Video, Palm Photos was later renamed toMediaand even later toPics& Videos.

Some models feature the ability to make voice recordings which are synced using the Voice conduit and can be viewed on a desktop with theVoice Memoapplication which is part of the Palm Desktop Suite.

Third-party applications

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There are many successful applications that can be installed on a Palm OS device. As of 2008, there were more than 50,000 third-party applications available for the Palm OS platform,[39]which have various licensing types, includingopen-source,and various closed licensing schemes such asfreeware,[40]shareware,and traditional pay-up-front purchase.

HackMaster is an extension manager for Palm OS[41]that includes several patches improving OS features. Other third party OS extensions also require HackMaster to work.[42]

In November 2022, theInternet Archivelaunched 565 Palm OS applications in its archives that can be accessed through a browser. The applications also launch CloudpilotEmu, an emulator for the PalmPilot Palm OS, when accessed.[43]

Application development

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Palm OS Garnet applications are primarily coded inC/C++.Two officially supported compilers exist: a commercial product,CodeWarriorDevelopment Studio for Palm OS, and an open source tool chain calledprc-tools,based on an old version ofgcc.CodeWarrior is criticized for being expensive and is no longer being developed, whereas PRC-Tools lacks several of CodeWarrior's features. A version of PRC-Tools is included in a free Palm OS Developer Suite (PODS).

OnBoardCis a C compiler, assembler, linker and programming editor that runs on the Palm itself.

Palm OS Cobalt applications are also coded in a variation of gcc, but the Cobalt compilers have fewer limitations.

There are development tools available for Palm programming that do not require low-level programming in C/C++, such asPocketC/PocketC Architect,CASL,AppForge Crossfire(which usesVisual Basic,Visual Basic.NET,orC#),Handheld Basic,Pendragon Forms,Satellite Forms andNSBasic/Palm(Visual Basic like languages). AJava Virtual Machinewas previously available for the Palm OS platform, however on 12 January 2008, Palm, Inc. announced that it would no longer be available. Palm, Inc. further said "There is no alternate Java Virtual Machine that we are aware of for Palm OS."[44]Wabaand a derivative of it,SuperWaba,provide a Java-like virtual machine and programming language. A version of theLualanguage, calledPlua,is also available for Palm; however, due to the fact that it requires an additional runtime to be installed along with the application, it is only used for mainstream applications by a minority of software companies. Quartus Forth is an ISO/ANSI StandardForthcompiler that runs on the Palm itself. It also has an interactive console for dynamic development and debugging.

Three environments allow programming inPascalfor Palm OS. The freePP Compilerruns directly on the handheld computer, while PocketStudio is aDelphi-likeIDEfor Windows Computers that has a visual form designer and generatesPRCfiles for being transferred to handhelds viaHotSync.The third option was HSPascal, developed by Danish developer Christen Fihl, based on his experience with the High Speed Pascal compiler for various 16-bit computer systems, including theCommodore Amiga.

As Palm has no connection drivers that enable the transfer of data with a server DBMS (Oracle, mySQL, MS SQL Server), the programmer can use Middleware software that enables this connectivity.

A roughly R4RS-compatible implementation ofScheme,LispMe,provides the Palm platform with aGPL-licensed onboardLispREPLwith some Palm OS-specific adaptations, but although it is functionally a compiler it does not produce code that operates outside the development environment, so its use is restricted to prototyping.

[edit]

Palm OS has been involved in various lawsuits over the years.

  • Xeroxvs. Palm Computing(1997) – In 1997, Xerox was grantedU.S. patent 5,596,656covering the "Unistroke" input system developed by David Goldberg,Xerox PARCin 1993.[45]Xerox filed suit against Palm (thenU.S. Robotics), alleging thatPalm's Graffitiinfringed on this patent. The Palm OS switch from Graffiti 1 to Graffiti 2 was triggered in part by Palm losing this lawsuit to Xerox. The patent was invalidated in May 2004 due toprior artdeveloped atBell Laboratoriesin 1982.[46][47]
  • Pilot Pen Corporationvs. Palm Computing(1998) – The original name for Palm OS handhelds was Pilot. However, a lawsuit from Pilot Pen Corporation forced a name change[48]to PalmPilot, then eventually to Palm.[citation needed]
  • Palm vs.Microsoft(1998) – In 1998, Microsoft planned to name the next version of their handheldcomputing platform"Palm PC". Palm filed suit against Microsoft, forcing the name change to, first,Palm-sized PC,and later,Pocket PC.[citation needed]
  • E-Pass Technologies vs. Palm, Microsoft and HP(2000) – In 2000, E-Pass Technologies filed suit against Palm, alleging that its handhelds infringed on an E-Pass's patent (#5,276,311) for a multi-function, credit card-sized computer that allows users to securely store account numbers, PIN codes, etc.
  • NCRvs.Handspringand Palm(2001) – In 1987, NCR was granted a patent for a portable e-commerce terminal. In 2001, NCR sued Handspring and Palm. This case was ruled without merit in 2002, a decision that was upheld on appeal.[citation needed]
  • RIMvs. Handspring(2002) – In 2002,Research In Motion(makers of theBlackBerry), sued Handspring. By year end, both Handspring and Palm licensed the patents and the suit was dropped.[citation needed]
  • Peer-to-Peer Systems vs. Palm(2002) – Also in 2002, Peer-to-Peer systems filed lawsuit against Palm that alleges Palm infringed on its patent for wireless gaming. This lawsuit was settled as of February 9, 2005.[citation needed]
  • Forgent Networksvs. HP, Toshiba, palmOne, etc., etc.(2004) – Starting in 2002,Forgent Networksbegan offering licenses for a patent that encumbersJPEG.In 2004, it filed suit against various companies, including palmOne. The JPEG or 672 patent has been reviewed by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, which has rejected 19 of the 47 claims based onprior art.[49]

See also

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References

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  2. ^Piloting Palm,Andrea Butter&David Pogue,Wiley 2002, p. 82.
  3. ^Piloting Palm,chapter 8,passim.
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