Paman languages
| Paman | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Cape York Peninsula,Queensland |
| Linguistic classification | Pama–Nyungan
|
| Glottolog | pama1251 |
 Paman languages (green) among other Pama–Nyungan (tan) | |
ThePaman/ˈpæmən/languages are anAustralian language familyspoken onCape York Peninsula,Queensland.First noted byKenneth Hale,Paman is noteworthy for the profoundphonologicalchanges which have affected some of its descendants.[1][2]
Classification
[edit]Variousclassificationsof the Paman languages exist. The one outlined below is that ofR. M. W. Dixon,though he does not accept that these branches are necessarily related to each other.[3]
Geographically, running down the east coast, they are:
- North Cape York
- Umbindhamu†
- Lamalamic
- Yalgawarra†
- Yalanjic
- Mbariman-Gudhinma†
- Djabugay†
Down the west coast, they are:
- North Cape York
- Northern Paman
- Wik
- Southwestern
- Upper Southwest Paman
- Kuuk Thaayorre
- Kuuk Yak†
- Kunjen(incl. Ogh Undjan)
- Yir-Yoront(incl.Yirrk-Thangalkl)†
- Koko-Bera(incl.Gugu Dhaw)
- Upper Southwest Paman
- Kok-Nar†
- Norman Paman
- Gugadj†
In the interior, south of Wik, they are:
- Thaypan
- Gugu Thaypan(?Rarmul)†
- Aghu Tharrnggala†
- Ikarranggal-Alungul-Angkula
- Takalak†
- Southern
The nameGugu Minimeans 'good speech', and has been applied to several languages in the Thaypan area.[4]'Possum language'(Koko-Possum, Gugu Yawa)is another generic name of this area.[5]
The unclassifiedMarrett River language(†) was presumably Paman, though distinct from its neighbors, as presumably wasWik Paach(†). TheMayabic languages(†) to the southwest were once classified as Paman, but have been excluded in Bowern (2011).[6]Alodjamay have been another Thaypan / Rarmul Pama language.[7]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^Hale, Kenneth L.(1964). "Classification of Northern Paman Languages, Cape York Peninsula, Australia; A Research Report".Oceanic Linguistics.3(2). Oceanic Linguistics, Vol. 3, No. 2: 248–265.doi:10.2307/3622881.JSTOR3622881.
- ^Hale, Kenneth L.(1966). "The Paman group of the Pama–Nyungan phylic family. Appendix to Languages of the World: Indo-Pacific Fascicle Six, by G.N. O'Grady, C. F. & F.M. Voegelin".Anthropological Linguistics.8(2): 162–197.
- ^See Dixon (2002), pp. xxx–xlii.
- ^Y94Gugu Mini at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^Y199Alungul at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies,
Y74Gugu Yawa at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies - ^Bowern, Claire. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?",Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web,23 December 2011 (corrected6 February 2012)
- ^Y219Alodja at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
References
[edit]- Dixon, R. M. W.(2002).Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development.