Jump to content

Panko Brashnarov

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Panko Brashnarov
Born(1883-07-27)July 27, 1883
Veles,Ottoman Empire
DiedJuly 13, 1951(1951-07-13)(aged 67)
Goli Otok,Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Panko Brashnarov's death record

Panko Brashnarov(MacedonianandBulgarian:Панко Брашнаров,romanized:Panko Brašnarov;27 July 1883 – 13 July 1951) was a revolutionary and member of the left wing of theInternal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization(IMARO) andIMRO (United)later. As with many other IMARO members of the time, historians fromNorth Macedoniaconsider him an ethnicMacedonian,[1]whereas historians inBulgariaconsider him aBulgarian.[2]The name of Brashnarov was a taboo in Yugoslav Macedonia, but he was rehabilitated during the 1990s, after the country gained its independence.

Biography

[edit]

He was born inVeles(then known by the name Köprülü) in theKosovo vilayetof theOttoman Empire(present-dayNorth Macedonia) where he graduated fromBulgarian Exarchate's school. Brashnarov graduated from the Bulgarian pedagogical school in Skopje.[3]In 1903 he took part in theIlinden Uprising.In 1908 he joined thePeople's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section).In 1903-1913 Brashnarov worked as a Bulgarian teacher. In 1914-1915 he completed a two-year higher educational course inPlovdiv.He was mobilized in the Bulgarian army during the First World War and participated in the battles of Doiran. After Bulgaria lost the war, theBulgarian occupation of Vardar Macedoniaended and Brashnarov remained in the newKingdom of Yugoslavia.In 1919, he joined theYugoslav Communist Party.In 1925 inVienna,Brashnarov was elected as one of the leaders ofInternal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (United).[4]Because of his political convictions, he was sentenced to seven years in prison in theKingdom of Yugoslavia.In a report from 2 July 1929, the Vienna newspaperArbeiter Zeitungstated that the 50-year-oldMacedonian BulgarianPanko Brashnarov, was imprisoned inMaribor.[5]After his release in 1936 he remained politically passive.

When Bulgaria occupied and later annexedVardar Banovinain 1941, he was one of the founders of theBulgarian Action Committees.[6]Until 1943 Brashnarov worked again as a Bulgarian teacher. Till then there was no real communist resistance in Vardar Macedonia, but in the middle of 1943 it became obvious that Germany and Bulgaria would be defeated.[7]In the same year Brashnarov became politically active again and joined the Yugoslav Communist partizan's movement there fighting against theAxis Powers.At that time the Yugoslav communists recognized a separate Macedonian nationality to stop the fears of the local population that they would continue the former Yugoslav policy of forcedserbianization,but they didn't support the view that the Macedonian Slavs are Bulgarians, because that meant in practice, the area should remain part of the Bulgaria after the war.[8]On 2 August 1944, theAntifascist Assembly of the National Liberation of Macedoniatook place at the St.Prohor Pčinjskimonastery. Brashnarov served as the first speaker.[9]The modern Macedonian state was officially proclaimed as a federal state withinJosip Broz Tito's Yugoslavia, receiving recognition from theAlliesin 1945.

Panko Brashnarov at a rally in liberated Veles, November 1944. To his left is the formerIMROactivist Krsto Germov, and to his right is the first president ofASNOMMetodija Andonov-Čento.

The new Macedonian authorities had a primary goal to de-Bulgarize the Macedonian Slavs and to create a separate Macedonian consciousness that would inspire identification with Yugoslavia.[8]From the start of the newYugoslavia,these authorities organized frequent purges and trials of Macedonian communists and non-party people were charged with autonomist deviation. Many of the former left-wing IMRO government officials were purged from their positions, then isolated, arrested, imprisoned or executed on various (in many cases fabricated) charges including pro-Bulgarian leanings, demands for greater or complete independence of Yugoslav Macedonia, collaboration with theCominformafter theTito-Stalin splitin 1948, forming of conspirative political groups or organizations, demands for greater democracy and the like.

Initially, he cooperated with the new regime, but soon after had realized the defeats brought about by theYugoslavMacedonism,[10]Brashnarov returned to the IMARO's ideas forpro-BulgarianIndependent Macedonia.[11]In 1948, being fully disappointed by the policy of the authorities, Brashnarov complained of it in letters toJoseph Stalinand toGeorgi Dimitrovand asked for help, maintaining better relations with Bulgaria and the Soviet Union, and opposing theserbianizationand de-Bulgarization of the Macedonian people. He did so together withPavel Shatev.As a result, he was arrested in 1950 as a Cominform agent under the accusation of "organizing an illegal group to support the Soviet Union in its conflict with Yugoslavia".[12]Afterwards he was sent to theGoli Otoklabor campin the next year where he served for ten days until his death.[13]According toVenko Markovski,his family honored him with a communist-style inscription in the Veles cemetery.[14]Initially, Brashnarov was buried in the labor camp, but two years later his remains were transferred somewhere. His grave was found in 2011 inZagreb,where he was reburied in a mass grave of prisoners from Goli Otok.

Legacy

[edit]

The name of Brashnarov was taboo in theSR Macedoniaduring the period 1950–1990, because of the obligatory pro-Serbian and anti-Bulgarian tendency among the "socialist"Yugoslav Macedonian historians,but he was rehabilitated in North Macedonia during the 1990s after the country gained its independence.[15]Although he was liked by the historiography in Communist Bulgaria as a left-wing pro-Bulgarian politician, after the fall of communism he has been criticized by some right-wing nationalist historians there as a late repented Macedonian Communist apostate.[16][better source needed]In 2004, theSDSMlocal government erected a statue of him in Veles.[13]

In July 2023, the council ofVeles Municipalityunanimously adopted a proposal to have Brashnarov's remains brought to Veles from Croatia.[17]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Му ставивме споменик, не му го најдовме гроботArchived16 July 2011 at theWayback Machine
  2. ^В концентрационния лагер "Голи Оток" завършва трагично своя живот изтъкнатият български патриот Панко Брашнаров от Велес.For more see: Славе Гоцев, Борби на българското население в Македония срещу чуждите аспирации и пропаганда 1878-1945, Университетско издателство "Св. Климент Охридски", София, 1991, стр. 190.
  3. ^Енциклопедичен речник за Македония и македонските работи, Цанко Серафимов, Орбел, 2004, стр. 183.
  4. ^Размисли върху революцията в Европа, Красимир Узунов, Център за изследване на демокрацията, 1992, София, стр. 74.
  5. ^Newspaper Makedonsko Delo, Vienna, No. 93-94, July 25, 1929; the original is in Bulgarian.
  6. ^Minchev, Dimitre. Bulgarian Campaign Committees in Macedonia - 1941 (Минчев, Димитър. Българските акционни комитети в Македония - 1941, София 1995, с. 28, 96-97)
  7. ^Viktor Meier, Yugoslavia: A History of Its Demise, Routledge, 2005,ISBN1134665113,p. 181.
  8. ^abStephen E. Palmer, Robert R. King, Yugoslav communism and the Macedonian question, Archon Books, 1971,ISBN0208008217,Chapter 9: The encouragement of Macedonian culture.
  9. ^Entangled Histories of the Balkans: Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies, Roumen Dontchev Daskalov, Tchavdar Marinov, BRILL, 2013, p. 328.,ISBN900425076X
  10. ^Because the Communists as well as the whole left wing of the Macedonian national-revolutionary movement treated the Macedonian Slavs as a regional section of the Bulgarian nation up to the middle of the 1930s, the main reason forCominformismin Macedonia was opposition to the new national policy in Yugoslav Macedonia and support for the old pro-Bulgarian option. For more see: Ivo Banac: With Stalin Against Tito. Cominformist Splits in Yugoslav Communism, Ithaca/London, 1988, p. 192.
  11. ^Църнушанов, Коста. Македонизмът и съпротивата на Македония срещу него, Университетско издателство "Св. Климент Охридски", София, 1992, стр. 275-282, 390-393.
  12. ^Heinz Willemsen, The Labour Movement and the National Question: The Communist Party of Yugoslavia in Macedonia in the Inter-War Period, Vol. 33 (2005): Social Movements in Southeast Europe, p. 102.
  13. ^abCorina Dobos, Marius Stan, History of Communism in Europe vol. 1 / 2010: Politics of Memory in Post-communist Europe, Zeta Books, 2010,ISBN9789731997858,p. 200.
  14. ^Goli Otok: The Island of Death: a Diary in Letters, Venko Markovski, Social Science Monographs, Boulder, 1984,ISBN0880330554,р. 42.
  15. ^Stefan Troebst, Historical Politics and Historical 'Masterpieces' in Macedonia before and after 1991, New Balkan Politics, issue 6, 2003.
  16. ^Цочо В. Билярски, Закъснялото осъзнаване на разкаялите се родоотстъпници Павел Шатев и Панко Брашнаров, 24.04.2010, Сите българи заедно.
  17. ^"Едногласно прифатен предлогот на Левица за враќање на моштите на Панко Брашнаров".Večer. 4 July 2023.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panko_Brashnarov&oldid=1240046381"