Panulirus versicolor
| Panulirus versicolor | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
| Family: | Palinuridae |
| Genus: | Panulirus |
| Species: | P. versicolor
|
| Binomial name | |
| Panulirus versicolor (Latreille,1804)
| |
| Synonyms | |
Panulirus versicoloris a species ofspiny lobsterthat lives in tropical reefs in theIndo-Pacific.Other names includepainted lobster,common rock lobster,bamboo lobster,blue lobster,andblue spiny lobster.P. versicoloris one of the three most common varieties of spiny lobster inSri Lanka,alongsidePanulirus homarusandPanulirus ornatus.[4]
Etymology
[edit]The genus namePanulirusderives from the Greek wordpalin(meaningbackwards) andoura(meaningtailand can be translated intowhich stands with the tail folded under the abdomen.The species nameversicoloris a Latin word meaningof different colors.[3]
Morphology
[edit]Panulirus versicolorgrows up to 40 centimetres (16 in) long, but is typically no more than 30 cm (12 in).[5]It has no claws, two spinyrostraover the eyes, and two pairs of large antennae, like all spiny lobsters. The first pair ofantennaeare double ended, the second hard and spiny, both are usually white. Thecarapaceis cylindrical, made of chitin, very solid and not extensible. The coloration is white, pink and black, with horizontal bands and a reticule. The abdomen is green with transverse black and white bands. The legs are dark blue to black with white stripes and the tail is blue-green. The tail is made up of five yellowish appendages yellowish at its base, with an apical blue area and a white margin. Also juveniles have a bright blue coloration with white lines, while the base of the antennas is white instead of pink.[3]This species is rather similar toPanulirus femoristrigaandPanulirus longipes.[3]
Biology and behaviour
[edit]InP. versicolorthe reproduction usually takes place in summer, but it can happen all year around. Mating occurs belly to belly after a love parade. Thespermatophorereleased by the males adheres to the female's sternum for several weeks. Females carry their eggs, about several hundred thousand, under their abdomen. A long oceanic larval phase follows, with several moults.[3]These spiny lobster are nocturnal and solitary.[5]In the daytime they hide in small caves and crevices in reefs or under coral.[5]They arecarnivores,eating bothcarrionand fresh caughtarthropods,othercrustaceans,and occasional small fish.
Geographic distribution
[edit]Panulirus versicoloris present in the westernPacificand the Indian Ocean.[6]In the Indian Ocean it occurs from as far south on the east coast of Africa asNatal,up through theRed SeaandPersian Gulf,in theArabian Seaacross toIndia,Myanmar,Thailand,andMalaysia,down throughIndonesiato the waters of north-western Australia. In the western and central Pacific, it occurs as far north as southern Japan, throughoutMicronesia,Melanesia,Polynesiaand in the waters of north-eastern Australia.[7]
A singleP. versicolorwas found in shallow coastal waters ofGeorgia,United States, in 2012. Likely deliberately released as an adult or unintentionally transported as a larva in a cargo ship'sballast water,it was the first specimen reported in the U.S. and the Atlantic Ocean.[7]
Habitat
[edit]This species occurs in the shallow tropical waters, in coral reef ecosystems and on seaward edges of the reef plateau, at depths up to 15 metres (49 ft).[2]
Economic uses
[edit]Panulirus versicoloris very commercially exploited, which has led to its rarefaction or even disappearance in many places; however, as its range is large and includes many protected areas, the species is not considered to be globally threatened.[1]It is used as a food source throughout its range.[5]P. versicoloris also kept in home aquariums.[8][9]
Gallery
[edit]-
Panulirus versicolorinMaldives.Side view -
P. versicolorinPom Pom Island.Dorsal view -
Front view
References
[edit]- ^abCockcroft, A.; Butler, M.; MacDiarmid, A. (2011)."Panulirus versicolor".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2011:e.T169968A6695068.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T169968A6695068.en.RetrievedNovember 19,2021.
- ^abWorld Register of Marine Species
- ^abcdefghiDORIS - Données d'Observations pour la Reconnaissance et l'Identification de la faune et la flore Subaquatiques(in French)
- ^George H. de Bruin; Barry C. Russell; André Bogusch, eds. (1995). "Lobsters: Palinuridae".The Marine Fishery Resources of Sri Lanka.Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization.ISBN92-5-103293-9.
- ^abcdLipke B. Holthuis(1991). "Panulirus versicolor".FAO Species Catalogue, Volume 13. Marine Lobsters of the World.FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125.Food and Agriculture Organization.pp. 156–157.ISBN92-5-103027-8.Archived fromthe originalon September 16, 2008.RetrievedJuly 21,2011.
- ^ITIS The Integrated Taxonomic Information System
- ^abPage J. 2013. First record of the painted spiny lobster Panulirus versicolor (Latrielle, 1804) in coastal Georgia, USA. BioInvasions Records (REABIC). 2(2):149-152.
- ^"Blue Lobster" Pet Solutions
- ^Sustainably farmed aquarium products from the Western Province, Solomon Is. "World Wildlife Fund
External links
[edit]- "Panulirus versicolor"(in Indonesian). IPTEKnet. Archived fromthe originalon October 13, 2006.RetrievedApril 5,2007.
- Photos ofPanulirus versicoloron Sealife Collection